دانلود مقاله انگلیسی رایگان:به کارگیری احتمال مشاهده شده خطرات و انحراف به سوی خوش بینی: دلالت ها برای تصمیمات مسافرت در مواجهه با فجایع طبیعی - 2018
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  • Applying the perceived probability of risk and bias toward optimism: Implications for travel decisions in the face of natural disasters Applying the perceived probability of risk and bias toward optimism: Implications for travel decisions in the face of natural disasters

    دسته بندی:

    مدیریت توریسم - Tourism Management


    سال انتشار:

    2018


    عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

    Applying the perceived probability of risk and bias toward optimism: Implications for travel decisions in the face of natural disasters


    ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله:

    به کارگیری احتمال مشاهده شده خطرات و انحراف به سوی خوش بینی: دلالت ها برای تصمیمات مسافرت در مواجهه با فجایع طبیعی


    منبع:

    Tourism Management Volume 66, June 2018, Pages 221-232


    نویسنده:

    Bongkosh Rittichainuwat, Robert Nelson, Fitri Rahmafitria


    چکیده انگلیسی:

    Unperceived risk leads to lack of preparedness. This study aims to examine tourists risk perception and travel decisions using as variables demographics, knowledge about safety, and country of residence. Samples were gathered in Thailand, Japan, Australia, and Indonesia. A total of 916 completed questionnaires of five replicated surveys were used in this study. More than halve of the respondents whose country had been affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 did not perceive tsunami risk when 10 years has passed. Frequency of tsunami occurrence was positively related to perceived tsunami probability. This study confirms the theory of probability that low frequency of a natural disaster results in unperceived risks. Even if their destination had a history of tsunamis, tourists perceived risk of another such occurrence happening during their visit is low (that is, the risk of natural disaster is low). While the literature in earth science found that residents of risky areas tend to be optimistic about the place where they live, our study extends the theory of optimistic bias to indicate that the same optimistic bias is applicable to tourists. Asia and Southeast Asia were perceived as tsunami-prone but tourists still travelled there. Our study found that tourist risk perception was related to frequency of tsunami occurrence and was destination specific. The perception of probability of a natural disaster is also related to proximity and past experience. Replications are necessary to validate results before generalization.
    keywords: Perceived risk |Risk management |Disaster preparedness |Tsunamis in Japan |Replications in flight surveys |Cross validation |Theory of optimistic bias and probability


    سطح: متوسط
    تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 12
    حجم فایل: 864 کیلوبایت

    قیمت: رایگان


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