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دسته بندی:
حقوق جرم و جزا - Criminal Law
سال انتشار:
2016
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Monitoring migrants or making migrants ‘misfit’? Data protection and human rights perspectives on Dutch identity management practices regarding migrants
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله:
نظارت بر مهاجران و یا ایجاد، غیر متجانس با محیط مهاجران؟ حفاظت از داده ها و حقوق بشر در شیوه های مدیریت هویت هلندی در مورد مهاجران
منبع:
Sciencedirect - Elsevier - Computer Law & Security Review: The International Journal of Technology Law and Practice, Corrected proof. doi:10.1016/j.clsr.2016.01.010
نویسنده:
Karolina La Fors-Owczynik
چکیده انگلیسی:
Record numbers of migrants and refugees fleeing violence and poverty in parts of Africa
and the Middle East present the European Union with unprecedented challenges, including in determining their identity as well as status. In recent years problems of identifying
immigrants have been addressed in order to fight identity fraud and illegal entry of migrants. As a result, a wide variety of digital systems have been introduced to orchestrate
an effective, preventative modus of identification of migrants. Digital systems are in particular geared towards spotting those migrants who (are about to) commit identity fraud
or who enter the territory of EU member states illegally. Although the key aim of the digital
systems is framed to protect the administrative, geographic and legal borders of the member
state and the safety of its population, empirically based studies demonstrate that these
systems bring new risks for migrants themselves. This article intends to contribute to the
discussion on the use of digital systems for managing the movement of migrants by analysing
identification and risk assessment systems from the perspective of the new European data
protection regime and the European Convention on Human Rights. For this purpose, two
identification systems – the so-called INS console within the Dutch immigration and border
sector, and the PROGIS console within the law enforcement sector – are analysed. A third
is the Advanced Passenger Information system operated at Schiphol Airport by border control
and immigration services. Against the background of the position of many migrants finding
themselves at risk in their home country and of the two legislative frameworks mentioned above, this article addresses two issues. First, the analysis focuses on how migrants
are perceived by digital monitoring practices: are they themselves at risk, non-risk or do
they pose a risk? In the EU, migrants must prove that their case is worthy of asylum status
because they are ‘at risk’ from political unrest or other life-threatening circumstances in their home country.Yet, empirical data gathered through semi-structured interviews show
that simply abiding by the standards during an enrolment process of the INS console, rather
than being ‘at risk’, a migrant can easily be categorised as ‘posing a risk’ (La Fors-Owczynik
& Van der Ploeg, 2015). Second, this article aims to investigate what the capacity of the new
data protection regime is in protecting migrants from being framed as ‘a risk’ or a ‘misfit’
stemming from the use of digital systems. Given this second aim, the following discussion
also intends to explore the extent to which the European Convention on Human Rights can
provide an additional legal remedy for migrants being digitally categorised in a manner that
is detrimental to them.
Keywords: Migrants | Data protection | Human rights | Risk | Biometrics | Identification | profiling | Immigration | Border control | Law enforcement
قیمت: رایگان
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