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دسته بندی:
حقوق جرم و جزا - Criminal Law
سال انتشار:
2019
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Evaluating solutions to the problem of false positives
ترجمه فارسی عنوان مقاله:
ارزیابی راه حلهای مسئله مثبت کاذب
منبع:
Sciencedirect - Elsevier - Research Policy, 48 (2019) 506-515: doi:10:1016/j:respol:2017:12:005
نویسنده:
Thomas Gall, Zacharias Maniadis⁎
چکیده انگلیسی:
A current challenge for the scientific community is the choice of appropriate policies to reduce the rate of false
positives. Existing proposals differ in whether to prioritize tackling omission through transparency requirements,
punishing more severe transgressions, or possibly both. We use a formal model to evaluate these possible solutions.
We find that a policy that prohibitively increases the cost of ‘misdemeanor’ types of questionable research
practices robustly decreases the overall rate of researcher misconduct, because the rate of ‘felonies’, such
as fabrication, also decreases. Therefore proposals that aim to prevent lying by omission by enforcing reporting
guidelines are likely to be effective in reducing researcher misconduct, but measures such as government audits
(purported to counteract pure fraud) can backfire. Moreover, we find that an increase in the rewards of publication
need not increase overall misconduct.
Keywords: Researcher misconduct | Reproducibility | False positives | Questionable research practices
قیمت: رایگان
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