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نگاهی به خلاقیت: سوگیری های خلاقیت و تاثیرات متفاوت آنها بر عکس العمل هی مشتری در بازاریابی (نا)همزمان
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 17 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 26 چالش بازاریابی محتوی دیجیتالی ایجاد پیام های معنادار در لحظات معنادار است. بدین منظور، برندها اغلب پیام های رسانه اجتماعی را با لحظات موضوعی تنظیم می کنند که بازاریابی همزمان نام دارد. هدف بازاریابی همزمان ایجاد پیوند معنادار و توسعه خلاقیت آمیز در فشار زمانی به خاطر ماهیت همزمان بوده که می تواند تاثیر منفی بر تازگی و نوآوری داشته باشد. این تنش را با بررسی خلاقیت بازاریابی همزمان در اینستاگرام و پیامدهای آن بررسی نمودیم. طبق تحلیل محتوی 516 پیام اینستاگرام، به سوگیری معنادار برای بازاریابی همزمان پرداختیم و معناداری به بهای تازگی و پیشه وری تمامی می شود. به هر حال یافته های تحلیل محتوی و آزمایش مازاد نشان داد فقط پیشه وری و تازگی و نه معناداری تاثیر مثبت بر واکنش مصرف کننده داشتند.
کلمات کلیدی: شبکه های اجتماعی | بازاریابی در زمان واقعی | خلاقیت | سوگیری های خلاقیت | صنعتگری | اصالت | معنی دار بودن |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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افزایش هوشمندی به منظور بهره وری ، زیست پذیری و پایداری
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 11 این کتاب به دنبال توسعه چارچوبی برای بررسی تجربیات شهرهای هوشمند در حوزه های قضایی مختلف در سراسر آسیا اقیانوسیه ، قاره آمریکا ، اروپا و انگلستان ، خاورمیانه و آفریقا است. این چارچوب ، که در فصل 2 شرح داده شده ، برای درک محرک ها ، هنرمندان و نتایج سیاست ها و همچنین سیستم عامل های فناوری است که پایه و اساس نوآوری هایی است که باعث افزایش بهره وری ، پایداری و زیست پذیری شده اند. در حالی که مقیاس ابتکارات شهرهای هوشمند در زمینه های مختلف جغرافیایی متفاوت است ، این مسئله که چگونه مردم به سوی نوآوری روی بیاورند و چگونه آن را در کل شهر قابل استفاده کرد؛ اهمیت به سزایی دارد. این کتاب عوامل اصلی عملکردهای فعلی شهرهای هوشمند را در چندین مکان مشخص بیان می کند. همچنین به شرح عوامل اصلی و نقش های آنها - دولت ها ، صنایع خصوصی ، شرکت های فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (ICT) ، شهروندان و کاربران نهایی در هر زمینه می پردازد. شناسایی محرکها ، هنرمندان و نتایج کلیدی به صورت سازمان یافته، بینش مهمی در سایر حوزه های قضایی در مورد چگونگی بازنگری یا تدوین بهتر سیاستها و برنامه¬های فعلی و آینده¬ی جنبش¬های نوآوری در زمینه فناوری و اجتماعی فراهم می کند. |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
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The development of complex and controversial innovations. Genetically modified mosquitoes for malaria eradication
توسعه نوآوری های پیچیده و بحث برانگیز. پشه های اصلاح شده ژنتیکی برای ریشه کن کردن مالاریا-2020 When there is significant uncertainty in an innovation project, research literature suggests that strictly sequencing
actions and stages may not be an appropriate mode of project management. We use a longitudinal
process approach and qualitative system dynamics modelling to study the development of genetically modified
(GM) mosquitoes for malaria eradication in an African country. Our data were collected in real time, from early
scientific research to deployment of the first prototype mosquitoes in the field. The gene drive technology for
modifying the mosquitoes is highly complex and controversial due to risks associated with its characteristics as a
living, self-replicating technology. We show that in this case the innovation journey is linear and highly
structured, but also embedded within a wider system of adoption that displays emergent behaviour. Although
the need to control risks associated with the technology imposes a linearity to the NPD process, there are
possibilities for deviation from a more structured sequence of stages. This arises from the effects of feedback
loops in the wider system of evidence creation and learning at the population and governance levels, which
cumulatively impact on acceptance of the innovation. The NPD and adoption processes are therefore closely
intertwined, meaning that the endpoint for R&D and beginning of mainstream adoption and diffusion are unclear.
A key challenge for those responsible for NPD and its regulation is to plan for the adoption of the technology
while simultaneously conducting its scientific and technical development. Keywords: New product development | Adoption | Genetically modified mosquitoes | Living technology | Gene drive | Malaria |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Strengthening science, technology, and innovation-based incubators to help achieve Sustainable Development Goals : Lessons from India
تقویت علم، فن آوری، و رشد مبتنی بر نوآوری برای کمک به دستیابی اهداف توسعه پایدار: درس هایی از هند-2020 Policymakers in developing countries increasingly see science, technology, and innovation (STI) as an avenue for
meeting sustainable development goals (SDGs), with STI-based startups as a key part of these efforts. Market
failures call for government interventions in supporting STI for SDGs and publicly-funded incubators can potentially
fulfil this role. Using the specific case of India, we examine how publicly-funded incubators could
contribute to strengthening STI-based entrepreneurship. Indias STI policy and its links to societal goals span
multiple decades—but since 2015 these goals became formally organized around the SDGs. We examine why
STI-based incubators were created under different policy priorities before 2015, the role of public agencies in
implementing these policies, and how some incubators were particularly effective in addressing the societal
challenges that can now be mapped to SDGs. We find that effective incubation for supporting STI-based entrepreneurship
to meet societal goals extended beyond traditional incubation activities. For STI-based incubators
to be effective, policymakers must strengthen the ‘incubation system’. This involves incorporating targeted SDGs
in specific incubator goals, promoting coordination between existing incubator programs, developing a performance
monitoring system, and finally, extending extensive capacity building at multiple levels including for
incubator managers and for broader STI in the country. Keywords: Science technology and innovation | developing countries | entrepreneurship | incubators | public policy | sustainable development goals | science policy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Are social incubators different from other incubators? Evidence from Italy
آیا دستگاه های جوجه کشی اجتماعی با سایر دستگاه های جوجه کشی فرق دارند؟ مدارکی از ایتالیا-2020 This paper defines and analyses incubators that mainly support start-ups with a significant social impact. In 2016, a survey was conducted on the 162 incubators active in Italy, and a total of 88 responses were received. An analysis of the literature and of this dataset led to the identification of three types of incubators: Business, Mixed, and Social. Thirty of the respondents sent information on their tenants. Thanks to the data regarding 247 tenants, it was possible to analyze the impact of the three different types of incubators (Business, Mixed, and Social) on the tenants’ growth through OLS regression analyses. A Social Incubator is here defined as an incubator that supports more than 50% of start-ups that aim to introduce a positive social impact. The study shows that Social Incubators perceive social impact measurement and training/consulting on business ethics and CSR as being more important services than other incubator types. The regression analyses explain that Social Incubators are as efficient as other incubators, in terms of tenants’ economic growth, notwithstanding the focus of Social Incubators on start-ups that do not pursue only economic objectives. Finally, this study indicates that policy- makers can foster Social Incubators to support social entrepreneurship. Keywords: Incubators | Accelerators | Social start-up | Social entrepreneurship | Social innovation | Entrepreneurship |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Leveraging inter-industry spillovers through DIY laboratories: Entrepreneurship and innovation in the global bicycle industry
استفاده از سرریز بین صنایع از طریق آزمایشگاه های DIY: کارآفرینی و نوآوری در صنعت جهانی دوچرخه-2020 DIY laboratories have the potential to advance new technologies, products and services through the leveraging of
low-cost facilities by entrepreneurial individuals. We add to this emerging understanding of the DIY phenomenon by investigating the prevalence, operations and contextual factors that impact the use of DIY laboratories in
the bicycle industry. We find two contexts in which DIY laboratories are utilised to develop component-level
innovations: first, DIY laboratories are utilised as a low-cost way to enter an industry where the entrepreneur
lacks the necessary financial resources and rely upon bootstrapping to build their enterprise. Second, and more
frequently, DIY laboratories were used for the integration of diversified technical knowledge originating in other
industries. Our study highlights the important role that DIY laboratories may play in leveraging inter-industry
knowledge spillovers whereby DIY laboratories operate as incubators in the repurposing of diversified knowledge from high-technology sectors to lower-technology sectors to generate incremental innovation. Further, the
modular product architecture of the bicycle helped facilitate the co-opting of technical knowledge prevalent in
other industries by allowing entrepreneurs to focus their product development and subsequent commercialisation activities at the component level of the product artefact.
Keywords: DIY laboratories | Knowledge spillover | Modularity | Exaptation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Opportunities and barriers for innovation and entrepreneurship in orphan drug development
فرصت ها و موانع نوآوری و کارآفرینی در توسعه داروهای یتیم-2020 Orphan diseases pose both a challenge to the global medical community and an opportunity for it to focus on global peace engineering and innovation. Where, any single orphan disease is rare, when taken as a whole they affect more than 250 million people throughout the world. This number by comparison is larger than the global number of cancer and AIDS patients. We add to the literature by mapping the available knowledge in the orphan drug development field and exploring the tensions at play for innovation and entrepreneurship in this field. We further add to the literature by providing a framework to review this field based on social systems theory. Our review highlights the gaps in research and proposes a path forward in understanding of and learning from the orphan drug development field. Keywords: Healthcare innovation | Orphan drugs | Rare diseases | Responsible innovation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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The impact of social power and influence on the implementation of innovation strategies: A case study of a UK mega infrastructure construction project
تأثیر قدرت و نفوذ اجتماعی در اجرای استراتژی های نوآوری: مطالعه موردی یک پروژه ساخت و ساز زیرساخت مگا انگلیس-2020 Influence plays a key role in reaching consensus among multiple actors involved in project-based decision-
making processes. While prior literature devotes considerable attention to describing influence,
little attention has been paid to influence at the individual level of the strategic project manager within
the context of megaprojects. This research intended to fill this knowledge gap by identifying and
describing the influence strategies that a strategic project manager applies when implementing innovation
strategies on megaprojects. A qualitative case study was used to examine the complex social
processes involved in a major UK capital investment programme. The findings underline a critical subset
of influence strategies, notably higher-management support, inspirational appeal and bargaining. The
study proposes a utilitarian structure of social power comprising selective, supportive and executory
power bases Keywords: Social power | Influence strategies | Megaprojects | Social processes | Project innovation strategy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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To what extent do young innovative companies take advantage of policy support to enact innovation appropriation mechanisms?
شرکت های نوآور جوان تا چه اندازه از مزایای سیاست برای استفاده از سازوکارهای اختصاصی نوآوری بهره می گیرند؟-2020 Innovative entrepreneurship is at the heart of economic development in all modern economic systems. However, we observe in several developed countries - especially Europe - a languishing in the capacity to foster creative destruction (i.e. Schumpeter Mark 1, SM1) dynamics and to create young innovative companies (YICs), capable to establish themselves as leaders in markets or become successful innovators. One key issue that is often ad- vocated in this respect is the deficit suffered from YICs in fully protecting their innovations and appropriating (at least in part) returns from them. The usage of formal (e.g., intellectual property rights) and informal (e.g., secrecy, lead time, access to complementary assets) instruments to protect intellectual property assets has the potential to overcome this difficulty. Different types of policy mechanisms have been put in place to help YICs. However, high implicit and explicit costs and barriers prevent YICs’ use of protection strategies, limiting the ability to generate SM1 dynamics or accessing market for ideas, even upon policy support. By relying on the resource-based view of the firm, our paper investigates to what extent a comprehensive set of policy measures recently introduced in the Italian context and focused on alleviating the hurdles suffered by YICs is associated with the choice of YICs to protect their innovations. The econometric analyses based on more than 1,600 Italian YICs show how the use of financial policy measures are associated to both formal and informal instruments, while labour policy measures are only related to formal ones. Keywords: Entrepreneurship policy | Institutional reform | Young innovative companies | Intellectual property rights | Appropriation mechanisms |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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State governments as financiers of technology startups: Evidence from Michigans R&D loan program
دولت های ایالتی به عنوان سرمایه گذار استارت آپ های فناوری: شواهدی از برنامه وام تحقیق و توسعه میشیگان-2020 State governments in the United States often fund and support technology startups within their borders. Yet little is known about the magnitude with which these place-based policy interventions shift the performance trajec- tories of entrepreneurial firms. We provide new evidence based on 241 startups that compete for advanced research and technology commercialization loans between 2002 and 2008 through a Michigan-based program. Among applicants with project scores near the threshold required for funding, we find that award recipients are 20%–30% more likely to remain in business four years after the competition relative to similar companies that seek but fail to receive funding. We also find that award receipt stimulates follow-on venture capital (VC) investments in surviving companies. The VC stimulus effect is, however, disproportionately driven by subsets of firms that are very young, relatively inexperienced at external fundraising, or located outside the dominant hub of entrepreneurial activity within the state. This distinctive pattern of heterogeneous effects remains visible for follow-on R&D financing from federal government sources, and for supplemental outcome measures that use news articles to track shifts in financing and business development activities. These findings are consistent with the view that public R&D programs are particularly beneficial when frictions in private resource markets are more severe. Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Innovation policy | R&D subsidies | Startup performance |
مقاله انگلیسی |