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نتیجه جستجو - European

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 398
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Annealing-based Quantum Computing for Combinatorial Optimal Power Flow
محاسبات کوانتومی مبتنی بر بازپخت برای جریان قدرت بهینه ترکیبی-2022
This paper proposes the use of annealing-based quantum computing for solving combinatorial optimal power flow problems. Quantum annealers provide a physical com- puting platform which utilises quantum phase transitions to solve specific classes of combinatorial problems. These devices have seen rapid increases in scale and performance, and are now approaching the point where they could be valuable for industrial applications. This paper shows how an optimal power flow problem incorporating linear multiphase network modelling, discrete sources of energy flexibility, renewable generation place- ment/sizing and network upgrade decisions can be formulated as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation problem, which can be solved by quantum annealing. Case studies with these components integrated with the ieee European Low Voltage Test Feeder are implemented using D-Wave Systems’ 5,760 qubit Advantage quantum processing unit and hybrid quantum- classical solver.
Index Terms— Distribution Network | D-Wave | Electric Vehicle | Optimal Power Flow | Power System Planning | Quantum Annealing | Quantum Computing | Smart Charging.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The adoption of circular economy practices in supply chains – An assessment of European Multi-National Enterprises
The adoption of circular economy practices in supply chains – An assessment of European Multi-National Enterprises-2021
The European Commission Circular Economy Action Plan aims at fostering a society based on sustainable pro- duction and consumption. Within this context, industrial organisations are called to implement a wide set of practices to drive this transition: manufacturing easy-to-repair and sustainable products, adopting solutions aimed at extending product lifetime, and promoting remanufacturing and materials’ recycling. A major contribution is expected from Multi-National Enterprises (MNEs), as these organizations dominate the European economy and coordinate resource-intensive global supply networks. As such, this study assesses the Circular Economy-inspired initiatives promoted by the largest European MNEs. The content of sustainability reports is scrutinised, through a template analysis technique, in order to create a database of Circular Economy practices. Key findings include the degree of implementation, the level of involvement of supply chain partners, and the drivers behind the implementation of such practices. Furthermore, a conceptual framework is proposed, in order to describe the adoption of Circular Economy practices as a supply chain process. A theoretical discussion explores the role of institutional pressures and supply chain integration to shape the transition towards the adoption of Circular Economy practices in global supply chains.
Keywords: Circular economy | Fortune 500 | Sustainability | MNEs | Supply chain integration | Institutional theory
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Bargaining power as moderator of the “delay costs effect” in supply chain negotiations
قدرت چانه زنی به عنوان تعدیل کننده "اثر هزینه تأخیر" در مذاکرات زنجیره تامین-2021
This paper explores the extent to which bargaining power asymmetries among supply chain members moderate the effect that the delay costs of the setting exert on negotiation outcomes. First, we propose that the influence of delay costs on the initial gap between the bargaining demands of sellers and buyers (i.e., initial bargaining gap) decreases when buyers have a bargaining power advantage over sellers. Second, we posit that this moderation effect reduces the indirect effect that the delay costs have on negotiation outcomes (via the initial bargaining gap). To test these notions, we conduct a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment with undergraduate students from a large European university in which we manipulate the relative bargaining power and delay costs of the setting. We conduct our analysis with 292 observations. Our findings support our theoretical predictions. Specifically, results indicate that bargaining power moderates (i.e., reduces) the effect of the delay costs on negotiation processes by reducing their influence on the initial bargaining gap. Likewise, our analysis shows that because more powerful buyers are less likely to modify their behavior as a result of the delay costs, they face a higher risk of obtaining suboptimal bargaining profits.
Keywords: Relative bargaining power | Delay costs | Initial bargaining gap | Supply chain negotiations
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Predicting stock returns from the pricing and mispricing of accounting fundamentals
پیش بینی بازده سهام از قیمت گذاری و سوء تفاهم از مبانی حسابداری-2021
This paper examines Nichols et al.’s (2017) fundamentals-based valuation model that links share prices to accounting fundamentals in European equity markets. The model explains, on average, 69 % of the cross-sectional share price variation among European firms. Deviations of share prices from the model’s fundamental value estimates hold unique information about subsequent stock returns that goes beyond established determinants of the cross-section. Firms identified as undervalued outperform firms perceived as overvalued by more than 0.54 % per month after controlling for firm size, book-to-market, operating profitability, investment, and momentum. Hence, the market seems to incorporate fundamental information only gradually.
keywords: پیش بینی قابل پیش بینی | تجزیه و تحلیل بنیادی | بدبختی | بازده سهام | بازارهای اروپایی | Return predictability | Fundamental analysis | Mispricing | Stock returns | European markets
مقاله انگلیسی
5 A Knowledge Map for ICT Integration in the Silver Economy
نقشه دانش برای ادغام ICT در اقتصاد نقره ای-2021
In the European Union, the silver economy is focused on developing strategies to facilitate the elderly population, mainly in terms of creating services based on innovations and technology. The paper encompasses a detailed overview of the silver economy in Estonia and the introduction of ICT solutions for the elderly population through knowledge management techniques. A knowledge map has been created using the Ontology model in Protégé to demonstrate the key knowledge resources for ICT integration in the silver economy. The results and information displayed in the knowledge map have been gathered from two detailed workshops which were further validated through questionnaires and interviews from the professionals in the field. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different knowledge resources and competencies relevant to the integration of ICT in the silver economy which will serve as a basis for the development of a knowledge management model in the future.
keywords: Smart Specialization Strategy | ICT | Silver Economy | Knowledge Map | Ontology | Digital Competency
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Ecosystem accounting to support the Common Agricultural Policy
حسابداری اکوسیستم برای حمایت از سیاست های کشاورزی مشترک-2021
The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) provides an integrated statistical framework which organizes spatially explicit data on environmental quality, natural capital and ecosystem services and links this information to economic activities such as agriculture. In this paper we assess how the SEEA EA can support the monitoring and evaluation of environmental objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). We focus on the Netherlands, for which an elaborate set of SEEA EA accounts has been published, and the themes of nitrogen pollution and farmland biodiversity. We studied the completeness of in- dicators included in the accounts, their quality and analysed how the accounts could support agri-environmental reporting, agri-environmental measures effectiveness assessments, and results-based payments to farmers. As a reference we used the Driving forces – Pressures – State – Impacts - Responses (DPSIR) framework. The Dutch SEEA EA accounts only include half of the indicators which we considered essential to assess the effects of farming on natural capital and ecosystem services for the two studied environmental themes. However, most gaps in the accounts could be filled with other publicly available environmental monitoring data. Regarding N pollution, the availability and reliability of indicators at landscape and farm scales are not sufficient to support the assessment of agri-environmental measures effectiveness and results-based payments to decrease N pollution. The accounts have a higher potential to support the assessment of measures to conserve farmland biodiversity, in particular due to high resolution maps of ecosystem extent and ecosystem services flows. The potential of the SEEA EA accounts may be more limited in other countries where ecosystem accounting has only recently started. However, the SEEA EA is also implemented at the European Union scale, so that SEEA EA indicators will gradually become available for all European countries. To enhance the relevance of the SEEA EA in the agri- environmental policy area, we recommend to integrate information on farming emissions (externalities) recor- ded in the SEEA Central Framework with SEEA EA accounts and evaluate the applicability of SEEA EA accounts for case studies at landscape and farm scales. Our research shows that the Dutch SEEA EA accounts, com- plemented with other data sources, have potential to strongly enhance the CAP monitoring and evaluation framework but further steps need to be taken to fill data gaps.
keywords: اقدامات زیست محیطی | کلاه لبه دار | رادیو | پایتخت طبیعی | خدمات محیط زیستی | زمینه های کشاورزی | Agri-environment measures | CAP | SEEA EA | Natural capital | Ecosystem services | Farming externalities
مقاله انگلیسی
7 The value of forest ecosystem services: A meta-analysis at the European scale and application to national ecosystem accounting
ارزش خدمات اکوسیستم جنگل: یک متاآنالیز در مقیاس اروپایی و کاربرد آن به حسابداری اکوسیستم ملی-2021
A great share of ecosystem services (ES) at the global scale is provided by forest biomes, and acknowledging the value of forest ES is critically important towards sustainable decision making. The literature inventory of forest valuation studies is extensive and thus a significant mass of knowledge is already available concerning the value of forest ES. To this end, meta-analysis is a prominent benefit transfer approach that has been employed in the past to provide value transfers of forest ES taking advantage of contemporary knowledge. For the purposes of conducting a meta-analysis, we collected 158 primary studies, originated in Europe and dated from 2000 to 2017, of which 30 provided relevant information for a statistical meta-analysis, yielding 71 value observations. The results reveal that GDP per capita and the type of ecosystem service are significant determinants in explaining the variation in forest value. We also apply the meta-analysis model results so as to estimate the ES provided by forests in the Czech Republic. We find that the total value of forest is approximately 2842 US $ ha(cid:0) 1 year(cid:0) 1, with regulation and maintenance ES being the most valuable services. We finally attempt to show the prospects of using this method for accounting purposes and illustrate the supply and use forest accounting tables based on the meta-analysis outcomes. Meta-analysis can potentially form a promising decision support tool for start-up accounts considered as a second best valuation approach. Nonetheless, the method still remains questionable due to the great variation in how primary valuation studies are reported and the lack of guidelines with reference to its application in ecosystem accounting as such.
keywords: انتقال سود | جنگل | متا رگرسیون | عرضه و استفاده از جداول | Benefit transfer | Forest | Meta-regression | Supply and use tables
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Lessons learned from development of natural capital accounts in the United States and European Union
درس های آموخته شده از توسعه حساب های سرمایه طبیعی در ایالات متحده و اتحادیه اروپا-2021
The United States and European Union (EU) face common challenges in managing natural capital and balancing conservation and resource use with consumption of other forms of capital. This paper synthesizes findings from 11 individual application papers from a special issue of Ecosystem Services on natural capital accounting (NCA) and their application to the public and private sectors in the EU and U.S. NCA is inherently a data-integration centered exercise, aiming to draw new insights by realigning environmental and economic data into a consis- tent framework. Drawing primarily on papers from the special issue and other key NCA literature, we identify lessons learned and gaps remaining for NCA’s development and application to decision making. In doing so, we identify eight key similarities and three major differences in NCA development, status, and application between the U.S. and EU. NCA can be highly policy relevant: special issue papers address critical issues including agri- culture, water, conservation/land-use planning, climate, and corporate decision making. In both the U.S. and EU, further application is needed to drive demand for the accounts’ production. Based on these experiences, the U.S. and EU can be important leaders in cross-sector, international collaboration toward next-generation environ- mental economic accounts that advance global NCA practice.
keywords: حسابداری طبیعی سرمایه | حسابداری بخش خصوصی | سیستم حسابداری محیطی-اقتصادی- | ING (رادیو) | چارچوب مرکزی Seea | حسابداری اکوسیستم Seea | Natural capital accounting | Private-sector accounting | System of Environmental-Economic Account- | ing (SEEA) | SEEA Central Framework | SEEA Ecosystem Accounting
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Tourist gaze through computer vision: Differences between Asian, North American, and European tourists
نگاه توریستی از طریق دید رایانه ای: تفاوت بین گردشگران آسیایی ، آمریکای شمالی و اروپایی-2021
Photography has an intimate relationship with tourism (Urry, 1995). The personal photos are a record of the images that the tourist has gazed on. As argued by Urry (1995), the essence of tourism is the visual consumption of places, and the fundamental motivation of tourism is to gaze on those iconic symbols such as landscapes, people, buildings that have been visually represented and publicized in the media (Garrod, 2009). Moreover, taking photographs is a major activity for the tourists and the photographs can serve as proof that the tourist has been there (Jenkins, 2003). Tourists seek out particular views that were considered “photogenic” or “iconic,” and to reproduce these in their photographs (Balomenou & Garrod, 2019). They love to post their photos on social media accompanied by texts as a way to construct or re-construct their tourism experiences of the places and tourism activities (Lo & McKercher, 2015).
Prior studies of user-generated photographs mainly focus on the spatial-temporal patterns of tourist behavior (Önder, Koerbitz, & Hubmann-Haidvogel, 2016; Shoval, McKercher, Ng, et al., 2011; Vu, Li, Law, et al., 2015) and generate insights into tourists perceived images at the macro level, such as a city destination (Zoltan & McKercher, 2015). Few studies have explored the visual elements of tourists photos at a micro-level, such as a theme park. Cross-cultural studies of tourism have shown that tourists from different national cultural backgrounds differ in their perceptions of the benefits of a trip and travel behaviors (Pizam & Sussmann, 1995; Stepchenkova, Kim, & Kirilenko, 2015). Yet we have little knowledge about whether there are “gaze” differences of a theme park and its landscape between tourists from larger cultural categories such as Asian, North American, and European cultures (Zhang, Chen, & Li, 2019).
Keywords: Tourist photo | Computer vision | Cross-cultural study | Royal garden | Park | Landscape
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Current account (im-)balances – Determinants and policy implications
(عدم) مانده حساب جاری - عوامل تعیین کننده و پیامدهای سیاست-2021
From October 24 to 25, 2019, the Centre for European Policy Studies hosted the Jean Monnet Workshop on ‘‘Current Account (Im-)Balances - Determinants and Policy Implications” in Brussels in close collaboration with the journal ‘‘Journal of International Money and Finance.” This special issue presents a peer-reviewed selection of the papers presented at this conference.
مقاله انگلیسی
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