دانلود و نمایش مقالات مرتبط با Adaptation::صفحه 7
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نتیجه جستجو - Adaptation

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 224
ردیف عنوان نوع
61 Municipal adaptation to changing curbside demands: Exploratory findings from semi-structured interviews with ten U.S. cities
سازگاری شهرداری با تغییر خواسته های حاشیه ای: یافته های اکتشافی از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختار یافته با ده شهر ایالات متحده-2020
Emerging mobility services (e.g., ridehailing, e-commerce, micromobility, etc.) are generating novel and rapidly growing demands to use curbside space, with potentially large impacts on mobility, energy consumption, and related outcomes. This presents both opportunities and challenges to municipal agencies responsible for managing this interface between the road network and adjacent land uses, as legacy practices require updating. In this study, we employ a semistructured interviewing approach to establish how municipalities are adapting to these new pressures on their curbside. We interviewed senior staff responsible for curbside policy of ten large U.S. municipalities with populations ranging from ~250,000 to ~5,000,000, the majority of which are the central cities of their respective metropolitan regions. We document a trend of organizational restructuring to more formally include curbside management teams, with the majority of interviewees also reporting increased staffing. Respondents reported that operational failures at their curbside (e.g., demand in excess of capacity) have impacts on safety, capacity, and emergency vehicle mobility, with impacts highly concentrated spatially and temporally (e.g., late evenings in nightlife districts). We document a diversity of data flows between ridehailing operators (e.g., Uber, Lyft) and municipalities, with some cities reporting obtaining types of data that other cities report not receiving despite requesting such data. Finally, respondents consistently expressed a desire for new data streams and methodologies to help manage the curbside of the future. It is hoped that establishing the state of the practice in this rapidly changing context will be of use to practitioners facing similar pressures as those of our interviewees
مقاله انگلیسی
62 Exploring the relationship between quality ambidexterity and sustainable production
کاوش در رابطه بین دوچرخه سواری با کیفیت و تولید پایدار-2020
Organizational sustainability requires production systems improvement and adaptation simultaneously balancing environmental, social and business dimensions. This exploratory study investigates how quality management exploitation and exploration may ambidextrously contribute to support environmentally sustain- able production development. The study uses data collected through an online survey from ISO 9001 certified manufacturing firms. Drawing upon organizational ambidexterity in management literature, and using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine the data, we develop a set of propositions that link quality ambidexterity to environmentally sustainable production. Results reveal alternative equifinal configurations of quality management practices that lead to environmentally sustainable production. All configurations combine quality exploration and exploitation practices. The consideration of multiple goals, and especially the requirement for cost efficiency, reveals tensions between the two quality learning modes. The study provides evidence that quality management ambidexterity, the simultaneous presence of quality exploitation and exploration practices, is an important determinant of environmentally sustainable production. The findings provide insights for managers on how to leverage organizational improvement capabilities to achieve sustainability goals.
Keywords: Sustainable production | Quality management | Exploitation | Exploration | Ambidexterity | Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)
مقاله انگلیسی
63 Piecing together a puzzle—A review and research agenda on internationalization and the promise of exaptation
درهم آمیختن یک پازل - یک برنامه بررسی و تحقیق در مورد بین المللی سازی و وعده آزادی-2020
The development of wings on dinosaurs is an example of a discontinuous developmental shift, an exaptation. This complements adaptive behaviour, and both are Darwinian concepts used in organizational behaviour theories. Organizational behaviour also forms the basis of internationalization theories, and exaptation has been suggested to provide a theoretical tool for understanding disruptive development in internationalization. Together with adaptation, the concept illustrates a joint framework for understanding both disruptive and non-disruptive development in internationalization. However, a systematic assessment of the theory’s potential is missing. This manuscript builds on the TCCM review protocol, illustrating the commonalities between research agendas in the internationalization process, and provides a starting point for subsequent theory development utilizing exaptation in predicting internationalization. Thus, the review contributes to the field of international business by offering a conceptual framework to combine internationalization theories by including non-linear, discontinuous and novel events more tightly to the existing foundations of internationalization.
Keywords: Exaptation | Adaptation | Internationalization | Entrepreneurship | Organizational learning
مقاله انگلیسی
64 Leveraging Google Earth Engine (GEE) and machine learning algorithms to incorporate in situ measurement from different times for rangelands monitoring
اهرم موتور زمین گوگل و الگوریتم های یادگیری ماشین برای ترکیب در اندازه گیری درجا از زمان های مختلف برای نظارت بر مراتع-2020
Mapping and monitoring of indicators of soil cover, vegetation structure, and various native and non-native species is a critical aspect of rangeland management. With the advancement in satellite imagery as well as cloud storage and computing, the capability now exists to conduct planetary-scale analysis, including mapping of rangeland indicators. Combined with recent investments in the collection of large amounts of in situ data in the western U.S., new approaches using machine learning can enable prediction of surface conditions at times and places when no in situ data are available. However, little analysis has yet been done on how the temporal relevancy of training data influences model performance. Here, we have leveraged the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and a machine learning algorithm (Random Forest, after comparison with other candidates) to identify the potential impact of different sampling times (across months and years) on estimation of rangeland indicators from the Bureau of Land Managements (BLM) Assessment, Inventory, and Monitoring (AIM) and Landscape Monitoring Framework (LMF) programs. Our results indicate that temporally relevant training data improves predictions, though the training data need not be from the exact same month and year for a prediction to be temporally relevant. Moreover, inclusion of training data from the time when predictions are desired leads to lower prediction error but the addition of training data from other times does not contribute to overall model error. Using all of the available training data can lead to biases, toward the mean, for times when indicator values are especially high or low. However, for mapping purposes, limiting training data to just the time when predictions are desired can lead to poor predictions of values outside the spatial range of the training data for that period. We conclude that the best Random Forest prediction maps will use training data from all possible times with the understanding that estimates at the extremes will be biased.
Keywords: Google earth engine | Big data | Machine learning | Domain adaptation | Transfer learning | Feature selection | Rangeland monitoring
مقاله انگلیسی
65 Influence of Chinese managerial soft power on African skills development
تأثیر قدرت نرم چینی بر رشد مهارت های آفریقایی-2020
Through the prism of soft power theory, this paper examines the influence of Chinese managerial soft power on the development of management skills by Africans who had previously studied in China before returning to Africa to run their own businesses. From a thematic analysis of semi-structured interview data, we identify themes emerging from the cognitive repertoire of African managers after their cultural adaptation in China. The themes include network development, risk-taking, optimism and pragmatism. The results of this study help to shed light on how international activities such as study abroad programs affect business management skills and provide new understanding of soft power for the field of business studies. The study shows that China influences not only through aid, foreign investments and its economic model but also through the diffusion of its management ideas via soft power.
Keywords: Africa | China | Soft power | Entrepreneurship | Skills | development | Cultural adaptation
مقاله انگلیسی
66 Reflective communication to improve problem-solving pathways: Key issues illustrated for an integrated environmental modelling case study
ارتباطات بازتابنده به بهبود مسیرهای حل مسئله: موضوعات اصلی که برای یک مطالعه موردی مدل سازی محیطی یکپارچه ارائه شده -2020
The pathway of a modelling project is commonly described as an adaptively adjusted chain of steps at which various decisions are made. Communication and documentation about these decisions are crucial to enabling reflection and adapting the pathway to changing circumstances, such that well-informed planning is required. Project decision making, however, often remains a black box; it is rare to find reporting of dead ends, alternative decisions, and changes in decisions during the project. This paper uses an integrated environmental management case study in Iran to demonstrate the importance of reflective documentation and communication within the pathway. We show how a pathway diagram, incorporating some 14 symbols depicting steps, decision forks, options (selected and alternatives), actions, communication and documentation, can illustrate the role of communication within the project and identify lessons learnt. We also encourage further work on application of agile project management and social science techniques to improve modelling practices.
Keywords: Pathway | Reflection | Project communication | Documentation | Adaptation | Decision forks
مقاله انگلیسی
67 When salient science is not enough to advance climate change adaptation: Lessons from Brazil and Australia
وقتی علم برجسته برای پیشبرد سازگاری با تغییرات آب و هوا کافی نیست: درسهایی از برزیل و استرالیا-2020
Increased social and environmental vulnerability to extreme climatic events and inherent aggravation of environmental and social problems has placed climate change adaptation as an urgent challenge for decisionmakers. Understanding and using climate change information to advance the implementation of climate-friendly policies further compounds this challenge. A rich scholarly literature focusing on climate change adaptation endorses that investing in mechanisms that narrow the gap between climate change information production and its use is crucial to increase adaptive capacity. Based on this assumption, this paper investigates the extent to which two collaborative projects that functioned as boundary organisations in Brazil (CiAdapta project) and Australia (Climate Change Adaptation for Natural Resource Management in East Coast Australia) increased access to information, and enabled the continual and continuous usefulness of produced knowledge for climate change adaptation. Considering the distinction between usable and useful information, we applied six criteria to guide the data analysis and extract key lessons from each project. Our findings confirm that face-to-face interactions are more likely to result in research having the societal impact that is being increasingly required by research and funding bodies. Our findings also indicate that two key systemic changes are critical for the longterm influence of boundary organisations for advancing climate change adaptation. These include changes to the science, knowledge production process; and shift in the political culture.
Keywords: Boundary organisation | Cities | Natural resources management | Knowledge co-production | Adaptive capacity
مقاله انگلیسی
68 Modeling dopaminergic modulation of clustered gamma rhythms
مدل سازی مدولاسیون دوپامینرژیک ریتم گاما خوشه ای-2020
Gamma rhythm (20–100 Hz) plays a key role in numerous cognitive tasks: working mem- ory, sensory processing and in routing of information across neural circuits. In compar- ison with lower frequency oscillations in the brain, gamma-rhythm associated firing of the individual neurons is sparse and the activity is locally distributed in the cortex. Such “weak”gamma rhythm results from synchronous firing of pyramidal neurons in an inter- play with the local inhibitory interneurons in a "pyramidal-interneuron gamma" or PING. Experimental evidence shows that individual pyramidal neurons during such oscillations tend to fire at rates below gamma, with the population showing clear gamma oscillations and synchrony. One possible way to describe such features is that this gamma oscilla- tion is generated within local synchronous neuronal clusters. The number of such syn- chronous clusters defines the overall coherence of the rhythm and its spatial structure. The number of clusters in turn depends on the properties of the synaptic coupling and the intrinsic properties of the constituent neurons. We previously showed that a slow spike frequency adaptation current in the pyramidal neurons can effectively control cluster numbers. These slow adaptation currents are modulated by endogenous brain neuromod- ulators such as dopamine, whose level is in turn related to cognitive task requirements. Hence we postulate that dopaminergic modulation can effectively control the clustering of weak gamma and its coherence. In this paper we study how dopaminergic modulation of the network and cell properties impacts the cluster formation process in a PING network model.
Keywords: Gamma oscillations | Spike frequency adaptation | Cluster syncronization | Dopamine modulation | Multiple timer scales
مقاله انگلیسی
69 Identification of the key landscape metrics indicating regional temperature at different spatial scales and vegetation transpiration
شناسایی معیارهای اصلی چشم انداز که نشانگر دمای منطقه در مقیاسهای مختلف مکانی و تعرق پوشش گیاهی است-2020
Land use changes are widely known as one of the drivers of land surface temperature variation. However, the influence of composition of various land use types and their configuration, i.e. landscape pattern, on regional temperature is still unknown. We test the hypotheses: (1) surface air temperature would vary according to landscape pattern, and (2) these effects would vary, demonstrating scale- and site-dependence effects through different vegetation transpiration rates. The relationships of 360 landscape metrics, indicating multiple dimensions of landscape pattern, and regional temperature at five climatic zones at five spatial scales in southern hilly China were examined through Pearson correlation analysis, stepwise regression and redundancy analysis. The area and number of grassland, building, and dry cropland patches are positively correlated with temperature; the area and density of forestland, shrubland, wet cropland, and water patches have cooling effects. The optimal scale and landscape metrics are also different between different climate zones. Landscape-level vegetation transpiration, determined by the dominant species, may partially explain why landscape pattern affects regional temperature. These findings provide new insights for understanding land use–temperature interactions and designing climate adaptation and mitigation strategies. Suitable landscape pattern, optimal scale, and dominant species should be considered in landscape planning and land use management to mitigate the impacts of the projected climatic warming.
Keywords: Landscape pattern | Scale effect | Regional temperature | Vegetation transpiration
مقاله انگلیسی
70 Using big data to improve ecotype matching for Magnolias in urban forestry
استفاده از داده های بزرگ برای بهبود تطابق اکوتیپ برای ماگنولیاها در جنگل های شهری-2020
Trees play major roles in many aspects of urban life, supporting ecosystems, regulating temperature and soil hydrology, and even affecting human health. At the scale of the urban forest, the qualities of these individual trees become powerful tools for mitigating the effects of, and adapting to climate change and for this reason attempts to select the right tree for the right place has been a long-term research field. To date, most urban forestry practitioners rely upon specialist horticultural texts (the heuristic literature) to inform species selection whilst the majority of research is grounded in trait-based investigations into plant physiology (the experimental literature). However, both of these literature types have shortcomings: the experimental literature only addresses a small proportion of the plants that practitioners might be interested in whilst the data in the heuristic (obtained through practice) literature tends to be either too general or inconsistent. To overcome these problems we used big datasets of species distribution and climate (which we term the observational literature) in a case study genus to examine the climatic niches that species occupy in their natural range. We found that contrary to reports in the heuristic literature, Magnolia species vary significantly in their climatic adaptations, occupying specific niches that are constrained by trade-offs between water availability and energy. The results show that not only is ecotype matching between naturally-distributed populations and urban environments possible but that it may be more powerful and faster than traditional research. We anticipate that our findings could be used to rapidly screen the world’s woody flora and rapidly communicate evidence to nurseries and plant specifiers. Furthermore this research improves the potential for urban forests to contribute to global environmental challenges such as species migration and ex-situ conservation.
Keywords: Big data | Biogeography | Ecotype matching | Predictive ecology | Urban trees
مقاله انگلیسی
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