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نتیجه جستجو - Ambiguity

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 47
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Digital extraction: Blockchain traceability in mineral supply chains
استخراج دیجیتال: قابلیت ردیابی بلاکچین در زنجیره های تأمین مواد معدنی-2021
Digital data — including technologically-mediated data generated by blockchain-enabled traceability — is performing an increasingly integral role in extractive operations, but scarce attention has been paid to the structuring effect of these digital technologies or the socio-economic spatiality of data-driven mining operations. Drawing on extensive qualitative research (interviews, participant observation, and two sets of survey data among actors relevant to these mineral supply chains), this article advances the notion of “digital extraction” todescribe the collection, analysis, and instrumentalization of digital data generated under the banner of blockchain-based due diligence, chain of custody certifications, and various transparency mechanisms, situated alongside and in support of mineral extraction. The article mobilizes concepts from political geography and political ecology to argue that digital technologies of traceability in extractive processes potentially create new forms of control and exclusion or exacerbate existing social, political, and territorial dispossession through asymmetric relations of power and knowledge in mineral supply chains. Despite industry efforts to make mineral supply chains more sustainable by resorting to digital certification and traceability, the strategic uses of un- certainty, ignorance, and ambiguity undergirding blockchain-enabled traceability systems fail to challenge existing inequalities in resource use and access or fulfill the promise of transparency and accountability.
Keywords: Blockchain | Traceability | Mining | Digital extraction | Certification | Digital technology | Political ecology
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Balanced Scorecard approach in deducing supply chain performance
رویکرد کارت امتیازی متوازن در استنباط عملکرد زنجیره تأمین-2021
Supply chain management showcases a major role in enhancing organizational efficiency and effective- ness. A proficient supply chain can lead to abridged costs, augmented market shares, improved transactions and sustainable customer relationships. Nevertheless, designing a supply chain alone may be inadequate in bettering the overall performance of an organization which can only be improved through evaluation. For deducing supply chain performance, the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is an appropriate tool, apart from Supply Chain Operations Reference models (SCOR), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Heuristic techniques based models. Modern firms face inabilities in measuring their real performance against the demanded performance. Real performance is often greater or lesser than the demanded performance which leads to uncertain and delicate supply chains. Accounting for this ambiguity and improving supply chain performance using Balanced Scorecard model is the emphasis of this research effort, by providing an approach to inspect value creation from four standpoints such as financial, customer, internal business process, learning and growth. In this paper, the drag factors which affects the above four standpoints have been explored and removed, to mend the supply chain for better profits.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the International Conference on Sustainable materials, Manufacturing and Renewable Technologies 2021.
Keywords: Balanced Scorecard | Supply chain performance | Drag factors | Stand points | Organizational efficiency
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Developing a blockchain framework for the automotive supply chain: A systematic review
ایجاد چارچوب بلاکچین برای زنجیره تأمین خودرو: یک مرور سیستماتیک-2021
As world is affected by demand volatility; process uncertainty; supply chain complexity and information ambiguity forming a VUCA world. To manage this scenario, industries are adopting emerging technologies for business excellence and one among them is Blockchain. Blockchain technology (BCT) is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that stores transactional records in a tamper-proof and immutable way; it is a promising solution for incorporating transparency and traceability in traditional ecosystem. As automotive industries are facing a Volatile environment, Uncertain schedules & information; Complex supply chain networks, and Ambiguous decisions that cripples the automotive supply chain (ASC). Therefore, BCT can be used to address issues related to ASC in VUCA world. Keeping this in mind, study reported a systematic literature review (SLR) of BCT applications in ASC. More than seventy research papers were reviewed based on different BCT characteristics and applications. Through content analysis, study explored how to link supply chain visibility, information transparency with BCT for an efficient ASC in VUCA world. Moreover, a BCT implementation framework is proposed for ASC, to provide a decision-making approach for practitioners in VUCA world.
Keywords: Automotive supply chain | Blockchain | Systematic literature review | VUCA world
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Multi-objective sustainable opened- and closed-loop supply chain under mixed uncertainty during COVID-19 pandemic situation
چندین هدف پایدار حلقه بسته و حلقه بسته تحت عدم اطمینان مخلوط در طی وضعیت همه گیر COVID-19-2021
Logistics problems play a significant role in an emergency situation. During and after a critical circumstance (like pandemic COVID-19), it is an important task to active the opened- and closed-loop system through an efficient and resilient supply chain network. This paper considers a multi-objective multi-product multi-period two-stage sustainable opened- and closed-loop supply chain planning to maintain supply among production centers and various hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic situation. To build a less contagious network, transportation problem and pick-up-delivery vehicle routing problem are designed as two stages, respectively to carry out distribution. We allow a mixed uncertain environment by considering uncertain-random parameters in the proposed model to express ambiguity in real-life data. A multi-attribute decision making approach is suggested to determine the priorities of affected areas, according to their urgency in terms of entropy weights. Moreover, a robust optimization approach for uncertain-random parameter is developed to cope with uncertainty in different scenarios, and thereafter augmented weighted Tchebycheff method is applied to solve the model. To demonstrate the practicability of the proposed model and solving approach, three test problems with reasonable sizes are considered and results are discussed through some sensitivity analyses.
Keywords: Sustainable opened- and closed-loop supply chain | Mixed uncertainty | Multi-attribute decision making | Transportation problem | Pick-up-delivery vehicle routing problem | Robust optimization.
مقاله انگلیسی
5 The institutional analysis of CSR: Learnings from an emerging country
تحلیل نهادی CSR: آموخته های یک کشور در حال ظهور-2020
This paper presents an explanation of why and how institutional arrangements influence the practice of CSR in Pakistan. The authors conduct in-depth interviews with CSR managers; national regulators; and, members of CSR promoting institutions. Our findings suggest that Pakistani CSR is largely found to be in support of charities and donations. Family traditions and religion are primary drivers for the adoption of CSR followed by the influence of peer pressure. Additionally, limited regulative pressures were attributed to the current ambiguity surrounding corporate regulation in Pakistan. This paper contributes to the literature on CSR by identifying internal drivers of CSR praxis.
Keywords: Corporate social responsibility | Institutional theory | Emerging country | Pakistan
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Public law enforcement under ambiguity
اجرای قانون عمومی در هاله ای از ابهام-2020
In real life situations, potential offenders may only have a vague idea of their own probability of getting caught and possibly, convicted. As they have beliefs regarding this probability, they may exhibit optimism or pessimism. Thus there exists a discrepancy between the objective expected fine and the subjective expected fine. In this context, we investigate how the fact that the choice whether or not to commit an harmful act is framed as a decision under ambiguity can modify the standard Beckerian results regarding the optimal fine and the optimal resources that should be invested in detection and conviction.
Keywords: Deterrence | Pessimism | Optimism | Ambiguity
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Reduced Demand Uncertainty and the Sustainability of Collusion: How AI Could Affect Competition
کاهش عدم اطمینان تقاضا و پایداری تبانی: چگونه هوش مصنوعی می تواند بر رقابت تأثیر بگذارد-2020
We model how a technology that perfectly predicts one of two stochastic demand shocks alters the character and sustainability of collusion. Our results show that mechanisms that reduce firms’ uncertainty about the true level of demand have ambiguous welfare implications for consumers and firms alike. An exogenous improvement in firms’ ability to predict demand may make collusion possible where it was previously unsustainable or more profitable where it previously existed. However, an increase in transparency also may make collusion impracticable where it had been possible. The intuition for this ambiguity is that greater clarity about the true state of demand raises the payoffs both to colluding and to cheating. Our findings on the ambiguous welfare implications of reduced uncertainty contribute to the emerging literature on how algorithms, artificial intelligence (AI), and “big data” in market intelligence applications may affect competition.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence | Uncertainty | Collusion | Price Discrimination | Antitrust
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Are entrepreneurs born or made? The influence of personality
آیا کارآفرینان متولد شده اند یا ساخته شده اند؟ تأثیر شخصیت-2020
Currently, entrepreneurship is of great importance to economic growth and reduced unemployment. Since entrepreneurial behavior is multidimensional, interest in understanding the roles of individual variables has in- creased significantly. The present study uses the theoretical and empirical framework of entrepreneurship re- search to explain the existence of the psychological profile of an entrepreneur, the impact of the psychological variables of personality on behavior and entrepreneurial intention, and the relationship between personality traits and other specific traits frequently related to entrepreneurship. A sample of 337 participants composed of real entrepreneurs (n = 83) and university students (n = 254) with high scores in entrepreneurial intention were evaluated in personality (Big Five) and other specific traits: ambiguity tolerance, emotional intelligence and coping and problem solving. The results showed that both groups share the same profile in these variables once adjustments were made for the effects of sex and age. A target profile and a preliminary evaluation of its best possible accuracy are provided.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Target profile | Big Five | Emotional intelligence
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Responsibilities of the medical expert: Stronger ethical requirements for an auxiliary activity
مسئولیت های متخصص پزشکی: الزامات اخلاقی شدیدتر برای یک فعالیت کمکی-2020
Medical doctor, forensic expert. Behind the duality of this role lie several professional obligations andresponsibilities that must always be borne in mind by those who make a contribution to justice in provi-ding their skills and professional knowledge. In reality, taking a moment to reflect on the ethical dutiesof the Forensic Medical Expert involves realizing that today, regulations and jurisprudence are seldoma requirement in a profession that performs an activity which may be ancillary but which is nonethe-less essential in revealing the truth and therefore working towards Justice. Said person passes proteanresponsibilities on to health professionals for those who, paradoxically and statutorily, only occasionallywork with the justice system. As such, from a civil, criminal and disciplinary perspective, a person skilledin the art is responsible for faults committed under the control of both the justice system and their peersin terms of their medical and expert activities. Given that the ancillary activity adds a great deal to themain role, this study raises the question of the ambiguity of a status that would benefit from officialrecognition as a regulated legal profession.
Keywords:Expert (responsibility) | Deontology of expert
مقاله انگلیسی
10 A conceptual model of entrepreneurial competencies and their impacts on rural youths intention to launch SMEs
یک مدل مفهومی از شایستگی های کارآفرینی و تأثیرات آنها بر قصد جوانان روستایی برای راه اندازی شرکت های کوچک و متوسط-2020
The present research aimed to first specify entrepreneurial competencies required for launching small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) among rural youth. Then, weights were assigned to the components by key experts of rural entrepreneurship using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the impact of entrepreneurial competencies was assessed on rural youths intention to launch SMEs. The research population in the survey part was composed of the rural youth of Kangavar County in Kermanshah province, Iran (N = 6207). The sample size was estimated to be 361 individuals who were taken by the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed through a pilot study. Pairwise comparisons by experts showed that strategic, communicative, psychological and opportunistic competences were the most to least important factors underpinning the rural youths intention to establish SMEs. Also, among entrepreneurial competencies, five components including entrepreneurial vigilance, networking ability, individualism, tolerance of ambiguity, and market analysis accounted for 39.2 percent of the variance of the rural youths intention to launch SMEs. It is recommended to empower rural youth in capabilities such as planning to initiate a business and the analysis of markets in order to strengthen their strategic competencies.
Keywords: Rural entrepreneurship | Rural youth | Entrepreneurial competencies | SMEs
مقاله انگلیسی
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