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نتیجه جستجو - And impact

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 71
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Evolution of Quantum Computing: Theoretical and Innovation Management Implications for Emerging Quantum Industry
تکامل محاسبات کوانتومی: مفاهیم مدیریت نظری و نوآوری برای صنعت کوانتومی در حال ظهور-2022
Quantum computing is a vital research field in science and technology. One of the fundamental questions hardly known is how quantum computing research is developing to support scientific advances and the evolution of path-breaking technologies for economic, industrial, and social change. This study confronts the question here by applying methods of computational scientometrics for publication analyses to explain the structure and evolution of quantum computing research and technologies over a 30-year period. Results reveal that the evolution of quantum computing from 1990 to 2020 has a considerable average increase of connectivity in the network (growth of degree centrality measure), a moderate increase of the average influence of nodes on the flow between nodes (little growth of betweenness centrality measure), and a little reduction of the easiest access of each node to all other nodes (closeness centrality measure). This evolutionary dynamics is due to the increase in size and complexity of the network in quantum computing research over time. This study also suggests that the network of quantum computing has a transition from hardware to software research that supports accelerated evolution of technological pathways in quantum image processing, quantum machine learning, and quantum sensors. Theoretical implications of this study show the morphological evolution of the network in quantum computing from a symmetric to an asymmetric shape driven by new inter-related research fields and emerging technological trajectories. Findings here suggest best practices of innovation management based on R&D investments in new technological directions of quantum computing having a high potential for growth and impact in science and markets.
Index Terms: Innovation management | quantum algorithms | quantum computing (QC) | quantum network | technological change | technological paradigm | technological trajectories.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The effects of population aging on South Korea’s economy: The National Transfer Accounts approach
اثرات پیری جمعیت بر اقتصاد کره جنوبی: رویکرد حساب‌های انتقال ملی-2021
This study examines how two factors of population aging, changes in fertility and mortality, will respectively affect South Korea’s economic future. The economic effects of population aging are examined by considering the population in each age group under alternative demographic scenarios. Utilizing recent population projections and South Korea’s National Transfer Accounts, the paper applies a simple decomposition model measuring the respective effects of fertility and mortality on separate aspects of the economy: labor income, private and public consumption, and public and private transfers. The results show that the effects of low fertility and low mortality on the economy are very different in direction, magnitude, timing, and impact by age group. The only effect of an aging population that is the same in all circumstances is the effect on the public pension system: low fertility and mortality will increase pressure on the public pension system of South Korea.
keywords: پیری جمعیت | باروری کم | حساب های ملی انتقال | بحران پیری کره جنوبی | اقتصاد نسل | Population aging | Low fertility | National Transfer Accounts | South Korea’s aging crisis | Generational economy
مقاله انگلیسی
3 The adoption of digital technologies in supply chains: Drivers, process and impact
پذیرش فناوری های دیجیتال در زنجیره های تأمین: محرک ها ، روند و تأثیر آن-2021
Digital technologies have been extensively studied in academic research and industry. However, little is known about the adoption of digital technologies in manufacturing firms at a supply chain level. This paper aims to understand why and how manufacturing firms adopt digital technologies, and the impact of the adoption on supply chains. The study uses literature review method, identifies the main drivers of manufacturing firms adopting digital technologies (why), develops a new model of the adoption process (how), and synthesizes the impact of the adoption on supply chains into four aspects (what): supply chain efficiency, supply chain structure, sustainability and innovation. The paper then proposes a conceptual framework consisting of driver, process and impact, and discusses their inter-relationships. The study identifies that the technological intelligence and supply chain cooperation are two important factors and proposes a two-dimentional levels of adopting digital technologies according to their low-to-high degrees. The proposed framework, in particular the levels of digital technology adoption, are novel to the existing literature. Each of the three parts of the framework and their inter- relationships lays a foundation for further empirical studies in this field. This study also provides guidance for practitioners adopting digital technologies for supply chain management and developing appropriate business strategies at different digitalization levels.
Keywords: Digital technology | Digital supply chain | Digitalization | Technology adoption | Supply chain management
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Experts’ multiple criteria evaluations of fuel management options to reduce wildfire susceptibility: The role of closer knowledge of the local socioeconomic context
ارزیابی معیارهای چندگانه کارشناسان گزینه های مدیریت سوخت برای کاهش حساسیت به آتش سوزی:نقش دانش دقیق تر از زمینه اجتماعی-اقتصادی محلی-2021
Expert opinion can be a valuable tool for informed decision making. Concerning wildfire susceptibility reduction at the landscape scale, forest ecosystem experts play a key role in offering advice about appropriate fuel man- agement practices to be applied by forest owners or their organizations, and in shaping public policies. A literature review aimed at identifying fuel management interventions and techniques found multiple and even opposing strategies. Recognizing the interdisciplinary and multi-dimensional nature of fuel management, we go beyond existing studies on forest experts’ opinions by comparing evaluations across forest experts with diverse training and experience, and by considering different evaluation criteria such as technical effectiveness, impact on soil or biodiversity, socioeconomic impact, and preference. Following an online survey to a sample of Por- tuguese experts, distinct socio-professional clusters were established and experts’ evaluations associated with their views on fire, forests, owners’ coordination, and rural development. Results show that experts rank their preferences by weighing effectiveness and impacts in different ways. Closer knowledge of the local context distinguishes expert preference, favouring more active fuels reduction strategies. Since experts with a closer knowledge of socioeconomic context tend to be further from policy-making processes, we urge their more balanced participation in those processes.
keywords: مدیریت منظره | کاهش حساسیت وحشی | مدیریت چند مالکیت | جنگلداری کوچک | تظاهرات کارشناس | Landscape management | Wildfire susceptibility reduction | Multi-ownership management | Small-scale forestry | Expert elicitation
مقاله انگلیسی
5 پیامدهای استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در حکمرانی عمومی: بررسی پیشینه نظام‌مند و دستور کار تحقیقاتی
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 19 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 72
برای پایه‌گذاری موضوع ویژه‌ای که این مقاله تحقیقاتی معرفی می‌کند، ما 1) مروری نظام‌مند از پیشینه موجود در مورد پیامدهای استفاده از هوش مصنوعی (AI) در حاکمیت عمومی و 2 ) یک دستور کار تحقیقاتی را ارائه می‌کنیم. اول، ارزیابی بر اساس 26 مقاله در مورد این موضوع، تحقیقات اکتشافی، مفهومی، کیفی و عمل محور بسیاری را در مطالعات نشان می‌دهد که پیچیدگی‌های روزافزون استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در دولت را منعکس می‌کند - و پیامدها، فرصت ها و خطرات ناشی از آن برای حاکمیت عمومی نمایان می‌کند. دوم، بر اساس بررسی پیشینه و تجزیه و تحلیل مقالات موجود در این شماره ویژه، ما یک دستور کار تحقیقاتی شامل هشت توصیه مرتبط با فرآیند و هفت توصیه مرتبط با محتوا را پیشنهاد می‌کنیم. از لحاظ فرآیندی، تحقیقات آینده در مورد پیامدهای استفاده از هوش مصنوعی برای حکمرانی عمومی باید به سمت تحقیقات بیشتر متمرکز بر بخش عمومی، تجربی، چند رشته‌ای و توضیحی حرکت کند و در عین حال بیشتر بر اشکال خاص هوش مصنوعی تمرکز کند تا به طور کلی هوش مصنوعی. از نظر محتوا، دستور کار تحقیقاتی ما مستلزم ایجاد مبانی نظری محکم، چند رشته‌ای برای استفاده از هوش مصنوعی برای حکمرانی عمومی، و همچنین بررسی اجرای مؤثر، مشارکت و برنامه‌های ارتباطی برای راهبرد‌های دولت در استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در بخش عمومی است. در نهایت، دستور کار تحقیقاتی خواستار تحقیق در مورد مدیریت خطرات استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در بخش عمومی، حالت‌های حکمرانی ممکن برای استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در بخش عمومی، سنجش عملکرد و تأثیر استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در دولت، و ارزیابی تأثیر مقیاس‌پذیری استفاده از هوش مصنوعی در بخش دولتی است.
کلمات کلیدی : حکمرانی عمومی | هوش مصنوعی | هوش مصنوعی برای دولت | بخش عمومی | دولت دیجیتال | بررسی پیشینه نظام‌مند | دستور کار تحقیق
مقاله ترجمه شده
6 Innovative start-ups and policy initiatives
ابتکارات نوآورانه و ابتکارات سیاسی-2020
Innovative start-ups can create and shape new industries and generate considerable economic and societal impacts. Accordingly, a variety of policy initiatives are aimed at promoting the establishment, growth and impact of innovative start-ups. Designing such policies is a challenging task, because most start-ups fail. In addition, only a small share of those start-ups will ultimately prove to be innovative, and very few of those will eventually become high impact firms. Hence, effective policies require a better understanding of the processes by which innovative start-ups are formed, developed and create impact, as well as of the heterogeneous nature inherent to innovative start-ups along with their development trajectory. This article reviews 39 policy in- itiatives from around the world and classifies their approaches to the phenomenon of innovative start-ups. By relying on insights from the papers mentioned in this special issue, we develop a process framework by ela- borating on (i) the antecedents of the creation of innovative start-ups, (ii) their founding characteristics, (iii) their behavior, and finally (iv) the outputs and impacts generated by them. Our framework highlights how policy initiatives, managerial issues and research approaches are conceptually different, depending on the specific stage of firm development. We conclude with implications for policy initiatives and further research.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship policy | Entrepreneurial process | Innovative start-up
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Navigating disruptive crises through service-led growth: The impact of COVID-19 on Italian manufacturing firms
هدایت بحران های مخرب از طریق رشد خدمات محور: تأثیر COVID-19 بر بنگاه های تولیدی ایتالیا-2020
This study draws on an extensive survey and interview data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents were executives of industrials firms whose factories, warehouses, and headquarters are located in Northern Italy. This is undoubtedly the European region first and most extensively affected by the pandemic, and the government implemented radical lockdown measures, banning nonessential travel and mandating the shutdown of all nonessential businesses. Several major effects on both product and service businesses are highlighted, including the disruption of field-service operations and supply networks. This study also highlights the increased importance of servitization business models and the acceleration of digital transformation and advanced services. To help firms navigate through the crisis and be better positioned after the pandemic, the authors present a four-stage crisis management model (calamity, quick & dirty, restart, and adapt), which provides insights and critical actions that should be taken to cope with the expected short and long-term implications of the crisis. Finally, this study discusses how servitization can enhance resilience for future crises—providing a set of indicators on the presumed role of, and impact on, service operations in relation to what executives expect to be the “next normal.”
Keywords: COVID-19 | Coronavirus | Servitization | Digitalization | Service operations | Solutions | Resilience
مقاله انگلیسی
8 How can NGOs support collective action among the users of rural drinking water systems? A case study of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh
چگونه سازمان های غیردولتی می توانند از اقدامات جمعی در بین کاربران سیستم های آب شرب روستایی حمایت کنند؟ مطالعه موردی سیستم های مدیریت شارژ آبخوان (MAR) در بنگلادش-2020
In this article, we link NGO-supplied drinking water infrastructure projects with collective action development approaches. Although governing local, shared drinking water systems (DWS) requires users to act collectively, users rarely organize such collective action successfully by themselves. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are therefore frequently called upon to support local communities to set up or consolidate the kind of local collective action required for governing DWSs. However, the effectiveness of such forms of NGO support remains unclear. Therefore, this paper attempts to assess the form and impact of this kind of NGO support. Combining insights gained from theory on institutions for collective action in the context of shared resource systems, we develop a set of requirements presumed necessary for guaranteeing both day-to-day and long-term collective action among local shared DWS users. We apply this framework to empirically explore if, how and why NGO support targets these requirements, and whether this support influences users’ capacity for collective action. To this end we examine 11 cases where NGOs have worked with users of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) systems in Bangladesh. We collected data through focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews with local leaders, NGO officials, and project staff, and by reviewing project documentation. We find that NGO support favors long-term requirements over the requirements for day-to-day collective action. NGO activities seem based on applying standard approaches to training and awareness raising, and less on empowering users to craft their own solutions. A case for a lasting impact of NGO support on any of the requirements is hard to make. Our results imply that when attempting to organize effective and long-lasting forms of collective action among the users of shared resource systems, both NGOs and commissioners of projects need to engage more explicitly in learning what works and what doesn’t.
Keywords: Non-governmental organizations | Community management | Collective action | Managed aquifer recharge | Drinking water systems | Bangladesh
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Painting a picture of nurse presenteeism: A multi-country integrative review
ترسیم تصویری از حضور پرستار: مروری یکپارچه در چند کشور-2020
Aim: To conduct a review of the impact of presenteeism as it relates to the nursing workforce. Background: Presenteeism behaviour has been researched in the broader workforce across multiple industries including business/management, public health and occupational health. Presenteeism in nursing is particularly significant because it puts patients at risk by reducing the capacity of nurses to provide high quality care. Rates of presenteeism are particularly high in the nursing workforce and the impact of nurse presenteeism needs to be further examined and explored. Design: An integrative review of the associated literature. Methods: Online databases were searched for research related to presenteeism in the nursing workforce. Original primary research investigating presenteeism in the nursing workforce, in all clinical settings, in the English language and published between 2006 and 2018 were included. Results: A total of 17 studies fit the inclusion criteria and were included in this review: 16 quantitative and 1 qualitative. Five categories emerged from the data synthesis process: 1) the prevalence of presenteeism, 2) the economic cost of presenteeism, 3) presenteeism and related health conditions, 4) presenteeism and nurse well-being, and 5) presenteeism and patient safety. Conclusion: The scale and impact of presenteeism is rarely explicitly discussed. Further research is needed to investigate the link between presenteeism, nurse well-being quality of patient care and costs in the nursing sector.
Keywords: Integrative review | Presenteeism | Productivity | revalence | Economic cost | Well-being | Patient safety | Nurse
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Using retracted journal articles in psychology to understand research misconduct in the social sciences: What is to be done?
استفاده از مقالات مجله جمع شده در روانشناسی برای درک سوء رفتار پژوهشی در علوم اجتماعی: چه کاری باید انجام شود؟-2020
This paper explores the nature and impact of research misconduct in psychology by analyzing 160 articles that were retracted from prominent scholarly journals between 1998 and 2017. We compare findings with recent studies of retracted papers in economics, and business and management, to profile practices that are likely to be problematic in cognate social science disciplines. In psychology, the principal reason for retraction was data fabrication. Retractions took longer to make, and generally were from higher ranked and more prestigious journals, than in the two cognate disciplines. We recommend that journal editors should be more forthcoming in the reasons they provide for article retractions. We also recommend that the discipline of psychology gives a greater priority to the publication of replication studies; initiates a debate about how to respond to failed re- plications; adopts a more critical attitude to the importance of attaining statistical significance; discourages p- hacking and Hypothesizing After Results are Known (HARKing); assesses the long-term effects of pre-registering research; and supports stronger procedures to attest to the authenticity of data in research papers. Our con- tribution locates these issues in the context of a growing crisis of confidence in the value of social science research. We also challenge individual researchers to reassert the primacy of disinterested academic inquiry above pressures that can lead to an erosion of scholarly integrity.
Keywords: Misconduct | Psychology | Research | Replication | Retractions
مقاله انگلیسی
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