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Unrest index for estimating thermal comfort of poultry birds (Gallus gallus domesticus) using computer vision techniques
شاخص ناآرامی برای برآورد آسایش حرارتی پرندگان طیور (Gallus gallus domesticus) با استفاده از تکنیک های بینایی ماشین-2021 Behaviour can be used to infer animal welfare states. Poultry birds tend to move less under
conditions of thermal stress; hence the hypothesis of this research is that this unrest
behaviour can be used as an indicator of thermal comfort. The objective was to develop an
Unrest Index for poultry bird’s sensitive to changes in this behaviour under different air
temperature conditions. The proposed Unrest Index was based on the Hausdorff distance
measure and was tested on recorded videos of laying hens and broilers breeders, obtained
in different experiments. The index was efficient in detecting the unrest of poultry birds in
different thermal conditions and, in conditions above thermoneutrality, the birds moved
significantly less. The distribution Unrest Index of data for each thermal condition tested
was shown to be asymmetric. However, there seems to be a tendency to reverse this
asymmetry when the conditions are thermal comfort and heat stress. It is suggested that
the Unrest Index can be used to estimate the thermal comfort of poultry birds and that
further studies on the asymmetry of the index data should be carried out in order to
identify of the thermoneutrality zone of birds in a non-invasive way. The Unrest Index and
the computer vision techniques adopted to assess poultry thermal comfort automatically
were efficient in demonstrating differences in bird agitation in distinct thermal stress
conditions. The low computational effort and the mathematical simplicity of the model
allows the Unrest Index to incorporate bird surveillance systems and estimate thermal
comfort automatically.
Keywords: Animal behaviour | Hausdorff distance | Comfort index | Precision livestock farming | Image analysis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Machine Learning Opportunities for Combining Knowledge Representation with Machine Learning
فرصتهای یادگیری ماشین برای ترکیب نمایندگی دانش با یادگیری ماشین-2021 Computational animal behavior analysis (CABA) is an emerging field which aims to apply AI techniques to support animal behavior analysis. The need for computational approaches which facilitate ‘objectivization’ and quantification of behavioral characteristics of animals is widely acknowledged within several animal-related scientific disciplines. State-of-the-art CABA approaches mainly apply machine learning (ML) techniques, combining it with approaches from computer vision and IoT. In this paper we high- light the potential applications of integrating knowledge representation approaches in the context of ML-based CABA systems, demonstrating the ideas using insights from an ongoing CABA project.© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 14th International Symposium “Intelligent Systems”. Keywords: Animal Behaviour | Computational Analysis | Machine Learning | Artificial Intelligence | Computer Vision | Spatio-temporal Data |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Emotions as discrete patterns of systemic activity
احساسات به عنوان الگوهای گسسته فعالیت سیستماتیک-2019 Emotions organize human and animal behaviour by automatically adjusting their actions at multiple
physiological and behavioural scales. Recently, pattern recognition techniques have emerged as an important
tool for quantifying the neural, physiological, and phenomenological organization of emotions in
humans. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the human emotion system from the
viewpoint of pattern recognition studies, focussing on neuroimaging experiments. These studies suggest,
in general, clear and consistent categorical structure of emotions across multiple levels of analysis spanning
expressive behaviour, subjective experiences, physiological activity, and neural activation patterns.
In particular, the neurophysiological data support the view of multiple discrete emotion systems that are
organized in a distributed fashion across the brain, with no clear one-to-one mapping between emotions
and brain regions. However, these techniques are inherently limited by the choice of a priori emotion
categories used in the studies, and cannot provide direct causal evidence for brain activity-emotion
relationships. Keywords: Emotion | Decoding | Affect | Pattern recognition | fMRI | MVPA | Classification |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Are we killing them with kindness? Evaluation of sustainable marine wildlife tourism
ایا ما انها را با مهربانی کشتیم ؟ ارزیابی پایدار گردشگری ازحیات وحش دریایی -2017 The increasing popularity of marine wildlife tourism (MWT) worldwide calls for assessment of its conservation
outcomes and the development of appropriate management frameworks to ensure the conservation of the
species and habitats involved as well as the long-term sustainability of this industry. While many studies have
examined the positive and/or negative implications of particular forms of MWT, few have attempted to identify
factors of concern shared across different types of marine tourism, or examine their implications for sustainability
in a broader perspective. We reviewed the existing literature to highlight common impacts on animal behaviour,
health and ecology, and to identify successful cases based on minimal negative affects and/or lack of chronic/
irreversible impacts on target species or habitats. To ensure the achievement of both economic and ecologic
objectives, the following steps should be integrated in MWT management: 1) Increase of research on the biology
and ecology of target species/habitat and application of relevant information for the development of suitable
policies, frameworks and management strategies; 2) Structured enforcement of existing policies and enhancement
of ecological awareness of visitors through active education; 3) Application of an adaptive management framework
to continuously improve the codes of conduct employed; 4) Involvement of different stakeholders and local
communities in the development and improvement of the MWT activity. Combining these strategies with the
extrapolation of frameworks and policies from cases where adverse ecological impacts have been addressed
and successfully resolved can further contribute in ensuring the long-term health and conservation of the species/
habitats involved in MWT activities.
Keywords: Marine wildlife tourism | Ecotourism | Sustainability | Ecological impact | Management | Regulations |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
The transition to independence: sex differences in social and behavioural development of wild bottlenose dolphins
گذر به استقلال: تفاوت های جنسی در توسعه اجتماعی و رفتاری دلفین های باتلنوس وحشی-2017 Sex differences in adult behaviour are well documented, but less is known about the ontogeny of these
differences. In mammals, the transition to independence, from infancy to the juvenile period, is when
these sex differences are likely to become prominent. Here, we examined sex differences in behavioural
development among calf and juvenile bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops aduncus, from 2 years preweaning to
2 years postweaning and whether these differences were consistent, or not, with three nonmutually
exclusive hypotheses regarding the function of the juvenile period: the social skills, protection/safety and
energy allocation hypothesis. All hypotheses received some support, but strikingly so for females. First,
sex differences in the nature and quality of juvenile social bonds appear to foreshadow adult association
patterns. Juveniles had a greater proportion of same-sex associates than calves. Second, although neither
sex increased their number of associates from infancy to juvenility, a pattern that might mitigate pre
dation risk, avoidance between juveniles and adult males suggests that both sexes reduce the likelihood
of conspecific aggression. This pattern was more marked for juvenile females. Third, females, but not
males, increased foraging rates from late infancy to the early juvenile period, even surpassing typical
adult female foraging rates. This is likely related to the future energetic demands of maternal investment
and skill development required for specialized foraging tactics, which are female biased in this popu
lation. This study provides a first step towards understanding the transition into independence for ce
taceans, insight into how sex differences develop and a glimpse into the function of the juvenile period.
© 2017 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: activity budget | calf | cetacean | independence | juvenile | sex difference | social network | Tursiops | weaning |
مقاله انگلیسی |