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نتیجه جستجو - Animals

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 63
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Barriers to computer vision applications in pig production facilities
موانع برنامه های بینایی کامپیوتری در تاسیسات تولید خوک-2022
Surveillance and analysis of behavior can be used to detect and characterize health disruption and welfare status in animals. The accurate identification of changes in behavior is a time-consuming task for caretakers in large, commercial pig production systems and requires strong observational skills and a working knowledge of animal husbandry and livestock systems operations. In recent years, many studies have explored the use of various technologies and sensors to assist animal caretakers in monitoring animal activity and behavior. Of these technologies, computer vision offers the most consistent promise as an effective aid in animal care, and yet, a systematic review of the state of application of this technology indicates that there are many significant barriers to its widespread adoption and successful utilization in commercial production system settings. One of the most important of these barriers is the recognition of the sources of errors from objective behavior labeling that are not measurable by current algorithm performance evaluations. Additionally, there is a significant disconnect between the remarkable advances in computer vision research interests and the integration of advances and practical needs being instituted by scientific experts working in commercial animal production partnerships. This lack of synergy between experts in the computer vision and animal health and production sectors means that existing and emerging datasets tend to have a very particular focus that cannot be easily pivoted or extended for use in other contexts, resulting in a generality versus particularity conundrum. This goal of this paper is to help catalogue and consider the major obstacles and impediments to the effective use of computer vision associated technologies in the swine industry by offering a systematic analysis of computer vision applications specific to commercial pig management by reviewing and summarizing the following: (i) the purpose and associated challenges of computer vision applications in pig behavior analysis; (ii) the use of computer vision algorithms and datasets for pig husbandry and management tasks; (iii) the process of dataset construction for computer vision algorithm development. In this appraisal, we outline common difficulties and challenges associated with each of these themes and suggest possible solutions. Finally, we highlight the opportunities for future research in computer vision applications that can build upon existing knowledge of pig management by extending our capability to interpret pig behaviors and thereby overcome the current barriers to applying computer vision technologies to pig production systems. In conclusion, we believe productive collaboration between animal-based scientists and computer-based scientists may accelerate animal behavior studies and lead the computer vision technologies to commercial applications in pig production facilities.
keywords: بینایی کامپیوتر | دامپروری دقیق | رفتار - اخلاق | یادگیری عمیق | مجموعه داده | گراز | Computer vision | Precision livestock farming | Behavior | Deep learning | Dataset | Swine
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Using social media photos and computer vision to assess cultural ecosystem services and landscape features in urban parks
استفاده از عکس های رسانه های اجتماعی و بینایی کامپیوتری برای ارزیابی خدمات اکوسیستم فرهنگی و ویژگی های چشم انداز در پارک های شهری-2022
Urban parks are important public places that provide an opportunity for city dwellers to interact with nature. In recent years, social media data have become a promising data source for the assessment of cultural ecosystem services (CES) and landscape features in urban parks. However, it is a challenging task to identify and classify the CES and landscape features from social media photos by manual content analysis. In addition, relatively few studies focused on the differences in landscape preferences between tourists and locals in urban parks. In this study, we used geotagged social media photos from Flickr and computer vision methods (scene recognition, image clustering and image labeling) based on the convolutional neural networks (CNN) and the Google Cloud Vision platform to assess the spatial preferences and landscape preferences (cultural ecosystem services and landscape features) of tourists and locals in the urban parks of Brussels. The spatial analysis results showed that the tourists’ photos were spatially concentrated on well-known parks located in the city center while the locals’ photos were rather spatially dispersed across all parks of the city. We identified 10 main landscape themes (corresponding to 4 CES categories and 10 landscape feature categories) from 20 image clusters by automated image analysis on social media photos. We also noticed that tourists paid more attention to the place identity featured by symbolic sculptures and buildings, while locals showed more interest in local species of plants, flowers, insects, birds, and animals. This research contributes to social media-based user preferences analysis and CES assessment, which could provide insights for urban park planning and tourism management.
keywords: داده های رسانه های اجتماعی | خدمات اکوسیستم فرهنگی | ویژگی های چشم انداز | پارک های شهری | بینایی کامپیوتر | Social media data | Cultural ecosystem services | Landscape features | Urban parks | Computer vision
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Animal biometric assessment using non-invasive computer vision and machine learning are good predictors of dairy cows age and welfare: The future of automated veterinary support systems
ارزیابی بیومتریک حیوانات با استفاده از بینایی کامپیوتری غیرتهاجمی و یادگیری ماشینی پیش‌بینی‌کننده خوبی برای سن و رفاه گاوهای شیری هستند: آینده سیستم‌های پشتیبانی خودکار دامپزشکی-2022
Digitally extracted biometrics from visible videos of farm animals could be used to automatically assess animal welfare, contributing to the future of automated veterinary support systems. This study proposed using non- invasive video acquisition and biometric analysis of dairy cows in a robotic dairy farm (RDF) located at the Dookie campus, The University of Melbourne, Australia. Data extracted from dairy cows were used to develop two machine learning models: a biometrics regression model (Model 1) targeting (i) somatic cell count, (ii) weight, (iii) rumination, and (iv) feed intake and a classification model (Model 2) mapping features from dairy cow’s face to predict animal age. Results showed that Model 1 achieved a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.96), slope (b = 0.96), and performance, and Model 2 had high accuracy (98%), low error (2%), and high performance without signs of under or overfitting. Models developed in this study can be used in parallel with other models to assess milk productivity, quality traits, and welfare for RDF and conventional dairy farms.
keywords: هوش مصنوعی | فیزیولوژی گاو | ماستیت | بیومتریک حیوانات | سنجش از راه دور برد کوتاه | Artificial intelligence | Cows physiology | Mastitis | Animal biometrics | Short range remote sensing
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Making the invisibles visible: Including animals in sustainability (and) accounting
قابل مشاهده کردن نامرئی ها: شامل حیوانات در حسابداری و پایداری-2021
In this essay we draw attention to a crisis that touches upon a great number of individuals: the plight of non-human animals. Billions of farmed animals are slaughtered each year to produce for instance food and clothes, while wild animals experience various degrees of human-induced harms. Yet, non-human animals are largely invisible in discussions of sustainability and associated accounting efforts. This is due to a problematic ontology that leaves domesticated animals hovering between society and nature while grouping wild animals with their habitats and inanimate things. Our purpose is to consider how to make animals visible in sustainability (and) accounting. To that end, we first illustrate how sociology and philosophy, among other disciplines, have begun to shift towards the view that non-human animals are worthy of our moral, political and legal consideration. We then develop a view of sustainability that explicitly includes animals and introduce an accounting framework with examples of indicators to track progress from no rights to fundamental rights for non-human animals.
keywords: حقوق حیوانات | رفاه حیوانات | شاخص ها | پایداری | Animal rights | Animal welfare | Indicators | Sustainability
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Accounts of NGO performance as calculative spaces: Wild Animals, wildlife restoration and strategic agency
حساب های عملکرد سازمان های غیر دولتی به عنوان فضاهای محاسباتی: حیوانات وحشی، ترمیم حیات وحش و آژانس استراتژیک-2021
Whereas corporations typically share a common primary objective of generating profits for their owners, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) principally pursue a panoply of various social and/or ecological objectives. Accordingly, an NGO’s performance in pursuit of its objectives can rarely be accounted for in straightforwardly comparable quantitative terms. How then can an NGO instead construct qualitative accounts of its performance that show how it makes a differ- ence in pursuit of its objectives? This paper examines qualitative accounts of performance against an objective to restore wildlife, which are included in the annual reports of a large conservation NGO. These accounts are conceptualised as being calculative spaces, configured by framing work being done within these accounts. Analysis of this framing work finds that these accounts identify a performance object (i.e. specific wild animal populations), establish relations that seemingly affect this performance object (i.e. threats to wild animal populations and actions to conserve these populations), and attribute the NGO with agency to make a difference to this performance object (i.e. as a strategic actor directing and co-ordinating wildlife restoration). Thus, this paper demonstrates that seeing quantitative and qualitative accounts of organisational performance in the same conceptual terms creates conditions of possibility for developing a fuller understanding of an organisation’s calculations of its own capacity to act upon society.
keywords: سازمان غیر دولتی | مسئوليت | کادر بندی | محاسبات | گفتمان | حفاظت | NGO | Accountability | Framing | Calculation | Discourse | Conservation
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Digital Livestock Farming
دامداری دیجیتال-2021
As the global human population increases, livestock agriculture must adapt to provide more livestock products and with improved efficiency while also addressing concerns about animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and public health. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the current state of the art in digitalizing animal agriculture with Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies, specifically biometric sensors, big data, and blockchain technology. Biometric sensors include either noninvasive or invasive sensors that monitor an individual animal’s health and behavior in real time, allowing farmers to integrate this data for population-level analyses. Real-time information from biometric sensors is processed and integrated using big data analytics systems that rely on statistical algorithms to sort through large, complex data sets to provide farmers with relevant trending patterns and decision-making tools. Sensors enabled blockchain technology affords secure and guaranteed traceability of animal products from farm to table, a key advantage in monitoring disease outbreaks and preventing related economic losses and food-related health pandemics. Thanks to PLF technologies, livestock agriculture has the potential to address the abovementioned pressing concerns by becoming more transparent and fostering increased consumer trust. However, new PLF technologies are still evolving and core component technologies (such as blockchain) are still in their infancy and insufficiently validated at scale. The next generation of PLF technologies calls for preventive and predictive analytics platforms that can sort through massive amounts of data while accounting for specific variables accurately and accessibly. Issues with data privacy, security, and integration need to be addressed before the deployment of multi-farm shared PLF solutions be- comes commercially feasible. Implications Advanced digitalization technologies can help modern farms optimize economic contribution per animal, reduce the drudgery of repetitive farming tasks, and overcome less effective isolated solutions. There is now a strong cultural emphasis on reducing animal experiments and physical contact with animals in-order-to enhance animal welfare and avoid disease outbreaks. This trend has the potential to fuel more research on the use of novel biometric sensors, big data, and blockchain technology for the mutual benefit of livestock producers, consumers, and the farm animals themselves. Farmers’ autonomy and data-driven farming approaches compared to experience-driven animal manage- ment practices are just several of the multiple barriers that digitalization must overcome before it can become widely implemented.
Keywords: Precision Livestock Farming | digitalization | Digital Technologies in Livestock Systems | sensor technology | big data | blockchain | data models | livestock agriculture
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Accounting and accountability for farm animals: Conceptual limits and the possibilities of caring
حسابداری و پاسخگویی برای حیوانات مزرعه: محدودیت های مفهومی و امکان مراقبت-2021
This study explores dairy farmers’ accounts of farm animals in a context heavily influenced by the concept of farm animal welfare (FAW). We illustrate how external demands linked to FAW, performance concerns, and proximity to animals shape farmers’ formal and cognitive accounts of animals. We explain how different accounts underlie farmers’ accountability for animals. Using FAW as an example of a referent concept, we propose that accountability can be limited conceptually by its referent. This limit is not a matter of its (in)ability to account fully for all lived experiences. Rather, it is a matter of what one is or is not accountable for—such as the mortality rate but not culling—as well as assumptions regarding the referent—such as the nature of animal welfare and how it can be assessed and safeguarded. Even when it is conceptually bounded in this way, self-accountability has potential to alter farming practices by reflecting on caring about animals and on what this implies for oneself and the animals.
keywords: رفاه حیوانات مزرعه | حسابداری | مسئوليت | حیوانات | محدودیت پاسخگویی | اهميت دادن | Farm animal welfare | Accounting | Accountability | Animals | Limits of accountability | Care
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Methodological and empirical challenges of SEEA EEA in developing contexts: Towards ecosystem service accounts in the Kyrgyz Republic
چالش های روش شناختی و تجربی SEEA EEA در زمینه های توسعه: به سمت حساب های خدمات اکوسیستم در جمهوری قرقیزستان-2021
The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EEA) represents a crucial approach to incorporate the assessment of the sustainable use of natural resources and ecosystems into decision- and policy-making. However, its application is constrained by challenges distinct across specific implementation contexts, including those present in developing nations. In this paper, we focus on a pilot SEEA EEA application in a local-scale case study in Kyzyl Unkur, Jalal-Abad region, the Kyrgyz Republic, characterized by a unique natural walnut forest. We summarize key methodological and empirical challenges identified through collaboration with local experts and stakeholders during the compilation of Supply and Use tables for selected ecosystem services (ES) relevant at local, national and global levels. Specifically, we focus on the methodological challenges related to a) defining and assigning benefits for own consumption; b) delineating the chain of ES flows (e.g., fodder for farm animals); c) uncovering the relevance of carbon sequestration in developing nation contexts which are often minor greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters and demand for the service lies mostly beyond their boundaries. Among empirical challenges, we highlight the issues of data collection and availability. The aim of this communication is to provide lessons learnt from building SEEA EEA accounts in a developing, data-scarce context, potentially transferable to other similar applications.
keywords: حسابداری خدمات اکوسیستم | سیستم زیست محیطی و اقتصادی | حسابداری | کشور در حال توسعه | حسابداری زیست محیطی | Ecosystem service accounting | SYSTEM of Environmental and Economic | Accounting | Developing country | Environmental accounting
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Caloric restriction prevents alveolar bone loss in the experimental periodontitis in obese rats
محدودیت کالری جلوگیری از تحلیل استخوان آلوئولار در پریودنتیت آزمایشی در موشهای چاق-2021
Aims: It has been shown that periodontitis, can be modified by systemic changes, including behavioral factors, such as diet. Caloric restriction is one of the dietary therapeutic strategies indicated for obesity. It is associated with several benefits, among them, modulation of the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to verify whether caloric restriction in obese rats changes the progression of experimental ligature-induced periodontitis. Materials and methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were used for 24 weeks and initially fed with cafeteria diet during 12 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups according to the caloric restriction and experimental periodontitis. The cotton thread was placed around the mandibular first molars, for 15 days, before the end of the experiment. Rats submitted to caloric restriction received, from the 13th week of the experimental protocol, 70% of the food intake compared to the ad libitum animals of other study of the our research group. Alveolar bone loss was assessed using macroscopic morphometric analysis. Analyzes of clinical periodontal measures, biometrics, serum biomarkers and biochemical parameters were performed. Key findings: Caloric restriction decreased the alveolar bone loss in the periodontitis group when compared to the group that received a cafeteria diet with periodontitis. Moreover, the results demonstrate the improvement in the glycemic profile, without prejudice to bone tissue biomarkers. Significance: Based on the results, caloric restriction reduces the progression of alveolar bone loss in rats with experimental periodontitis, in addition to presenting benefits in biometric data, decreasing both glycemic profile and clinical periodontal measures.
Keywords: Obesity | Caloric restriction | Periodontitis
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Effect of caloric restriction on alveolar bone loss in rats
تأثیر محدودیت کالری بر از دست دادن استخوان آلوئول در موش صحرایی-2021
Aims: Recent research suggests an association between longevity, caloric restriction (CR) and reduction of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis. Currently, the mechanisms related to the effects of CR are not yet fully understood. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of caloric restriction on alveolar bone loss (ABL) in Wistar rats with experimental periodontitis.
Main methods: The impact of CR on biometric data, clinical periodontal parameters, serum biomarkers and biochemical parameters were also investigated. The experimental protocol lasted 24 weeks. The CR rats were fed for 12 weeks with 70% of the standard food compared to the animals with ad libitum diet. Experimental peri- odontitis was induced in Wistar rats during 15 days before the end of the experiment. The animals were divided into four experimental groups (n = 12 animals/group), according to the presence or absence of caloric restriction and ligature-induced periodontitis. Hemimandibles were used to assess ABL.
Key findings: The groups with experimental periodontitis induction showed a significant decrease on alveolar bone loss in animals submitted to caloric restriction, in addition to attenuating gingival inflammation, demon- strated by the significant difference in gingival index. Biochemical and biometric data showed a significant reduction in the glycemic profile, body weight, adiposity index and abdominal circumference after caloric restriction. Caloric restriction did not significantly alter bone tissue biomarkers.
Significance: According to the findings, caloric restriction reduced alveolar bone loss, glycemic profile and bio- metric parameters in rats with experimental periodontitis.
Keywords: Caloric restriction | Periodontitis | Rats
مقاله انگلیسی
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