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نتیجه جستجو - Behaviour change

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 8
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance Stakeholder mapping Veterinary drugs Policy regulation Supply chain Public and private sector collaboration National action plan
درک زنجیره تأمین آنتی بیوتیک های دامپزشکی برای رفع مقاومت ضد میکروبی در PDR لائوس: نقش ها و تعاملات سهامداران درگیر-2021
In response to the global call to mitigate risks associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), new regulations on the access and use of veterinary antibiotics are currently being developed by the Lao government. This study aims to explore how the implementation of these new regulations might effectively reduce and adapt the sale, distribution and use of veterinary antibiotics in Lao PDR. To this end, we used the theory of change, framing the AMR issue within the context of the stakeholders involved in the veterinary antibiotics supply chain. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data, based on questionnaires (n=36 antibiotic suppliers, n=96 chicken farmers, n=96 pig farmers), and participatory tools such as a workshop (n=10 participants), semi-structured interviews (n=20), and focus group discussions (n=7 participants). The stakeholders understanding of the AMR issue and potential challenges related to the implementation of new regulations regarding access and use of antibiotics, were also investigated. We mapped the veterinary antibiotic supply chain in Lao PDR, and analysed the roles and interactions of its stakeholders. Twenty-three stakeholders representing the private and the public sectors were identified. Many informal and formal links connected these stakeholder within this supply chain. The lack of veterinarian-farmer interaction and the evolving nature of the veterinary antibiotics supply chain accentuated the challenges of achieving behaviour change through regulations. Most of the antibiotics found on farms were categorized by the World Health Organizations as critically important antibiotics used in human medicine. We argue that AMR risk mitigation strategy requires dialogue and engagement between private and publicsectors stakeholders, involved in the importation, distribution, sale and use of veterinary antibiotics. This study further highlighted that AMR is a complex adaptive challenge requiring multi-sectoral approach. We believed that a sustainable approach to reduce and adapt veterinary antibiotics use should be prepared in collaboration with stakeholders from private and public sectors identified in this study, in addition to the new regulations. This collaboration should start with the co-construction of a common understanding of AMR issue and of the objectives of new regulations.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance | Stakeholder mapping | Veterinary drugs | Policy regulation | Supply chain | Public and private sector collaboration | National action plan
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Thermal comfort, occupant control behaviour and performance gap : A study of office buildings in north-east China using data mining
راحتی حرارتی ،کنترل رفتار سرنشینان و شکاف عملکرد : مطالعه ساختمانهای اداری در شمال شرقی چین با استفاده از داده کاوی-2019
Simulation techniques have been increasingly applied to building performance evaluation and building environmental design. However, uncertain and random factors, such as occupant behaviour, can generate a performance gap between the results from computer simulations and real buildings. This study involved a longitudinal questionnaire survey conducted for one year, along with a continuous recording of environmental parameters and behaviour state changes, in ten offices located in the severe cold region of north-east China. The offices varied from private rooms to open-plan spaces. The thermal comfort experiences of the office workers and their environmental control behaviours were tracked and analysed during summer and winter seasons. The interaction of the thermal comfort experiences of the occupants and behaviour changes were analysed, and window-opening behaviour patterns were defined by applying data mining techniques. The results also generated window-opening behaviour working profiles to link to building performance simulation software. The aim was to apply these profiles to further study the discrepancies between simulation and monitored results that arise from real-world occupant behaviour patterns.
Keywords: Window-opening behaviour | Office building | Cold climate | Cluster analysis | Association rules mining
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Understanding household energy use, decision making and behaviour in Guinea-Conakry by applying behavioural economics
درک استفاده از انرژی خانگی،تصمیم گیری و رفتار در گینه کوناکری با استفاده از اقتصاد رفتاری-2017
For decades, generalized frauds have left the electrical sector of Guinea with an entirely defective financial scheme. As a developing nation, Guinea’s electricity consumption has been relatively low for a long time, although it has been increasing recently due to increasing power generation. The growth in power capacity is due to the construction of two new dams: Kaleta dam (240 MW), which is already operational, and Souapiti dam (550 MW), which is still under construction. Taking into account that the country has so far been without electricity, there is a need to assess and predict consumer behaviour before the full completion of these projects. The aim of this study is to make the household and community reactions to public policy interventions less surprising. However, even sufficient knowledge of how to conserve energy and a stated desire to do so, many consumers still fail to take perceptible measures to increase energy efficiency and conservation. Why is this so? By focusing on crucial insights from behavioural economics and psychology, we highlight the incentive factors, the basic cognitive biases and the psychological phenomena that cause this disconnect. Understanding these factors can help us to design sustainable energy use among consumers in Guinea-Conakry.
Keywords: Behavioural economics | Guinea-Conakry | Household energy use | Energy conservation | Psychology | Behaviour change
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Understanding how gamification influences behaviour in social marketing
درک چگونگی تأثیر رفتار در بازاریابی اجتماعی -2017
Purpose: In Australia and many other nations the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing, while physical activity declines. This paper investigates the effect of gamification on consumers’ moti vation and behaviour to engage in physical activity over time from a social marketing perspective. Design/methodology/approach: An experimental design was used to determine the effect of a popular gamified fitness application (app) on both intrinsic motivation and walking behaviour over four weeks. Findings: While the study found that gamification supported behaviour change and maintenance, there was no significant change to intrinsic motivation as a result of using the app. This finding suggests there may be an alternative mechanism underlying how gamification achieves behavioural outcomes. Research limitations/implications: Future research is recommended to further explore the manner in which gamification influences behaviours. Originality/value: This paper addresses the call for longitudinal studies of gamification and for studies examining both the motivational and behavioural outcomes of gamification.
Keywords: Social marketing | Gamification | Intrinsic motivation | Behaviour maintenance | Self-determination theory
مقاله انگلیسی
5 A critical appraisal of Individualised Marketing and Travel Blending interventions in Queensland and Western Australia from 1986–2011
ارزیابی انتقادی از مداخلات بازاریابی فردی و تلفیقی سفر در کوئینزلند و غرب استرالیا از سال 1986 تا 2011-2017
Australian governments invested significant sums in voluntary travel behaviour interventions in the 1990s and 2000s. The Travel Blending and Individualised Marketing (IndiMark) schemes based on social marking were highly controversial. This paper explores the rise and fall of the interventions in the two main jurisdictions where they were employed – Queensland and Western Australia. Two research methods were employed. A systematic review of results for all interventions in both jurisdictions is provided, based on project evaluations, with the key measure of efficacy being changes in mode share. Interviews with informants including scheme proponents, managers and senior decision makers were undertaken to identify institutional and policy factors around their successes and failings. The results suggest that there was evidence many interventions achieved cost-effective behaviour change with target populations. But poor evaluations for at least one large-scale roll-out in Queensland proved damaging. The interviews reveal that positive results obtained in the early years were insufficient to maintain broad political support and funding across multiple election cycles when problems emerged. Problems identified included issues of scheme design and implementation, evaluations issues, criticism from both within the travel behaviour field and from other transport sectors, and issues maintaining support from policy makers. The results suggest that aspects of these voluntary behaviour change initiatives warrant further consideration. But interventions and evaluation will need significant redesign and the adoption of new approaches if they are ever to achieve longer term success.
Keywords: Travel Blending | Individualised Marketing | Social marketing | Travel demand management
مقاله انگلیسی
6 تقویت تحقیقات بازاریابی اجتماعی: بدست آوردن بینش از طریق مردم شناسی ( قوم نگاری)
سال انتشار: 2015 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 26
این مقاله با هدف به چالش کشیدن بازاریابان اجتماعی برای گسترش مجموعه تحقیقاتشان بدون محدود کردن عقلانیت شخصی در شواهد علمی شان ، داده های مربوط به جمعیت و همچنین تمرکز بر پژوهش بینش گرا انجام شده است . بازاریابی اجتماعی به عنوان یک رشته ، مقیّد به استفاده از تکنیک ها در اثبات فرضیه های علمی است بنابراین وقتی به سمت ایجاد تغییرات موثر اجتماعی سوق پیدا می کند این نشانه مخصوص را از دست می دهد . بدست آوردن بصیرت ( بینش ) از رفتار انسان ها نیازمند ابزار تحقیقاتی ست که مفاهیم عمیقی از رفتار انسان ها با محیط اجتماعی را مشخص کند. علم قوم نگاری ( مردم شناسی) قابلیت ارائه این بینش عمیق را از جهان اجتماعی از طریق چشمان مصرف کننده مهیا می کند. با این حال تا حد زیادی ، در بازاریابی اجتماعی از داده ها استفاده کمی می شود. این مقاله ، ارزش علم مردم نگاری را به عنوان یک روش تحقیقاتی در بازاریابی اجتماعی که می تواند تعامل معنی داری با تجربه های فرهنگی و اجتماعی و همچنین جنبه های وجود انسان داشته باشد پیگیری می کند.
کلمات کلیدی: بازاریابی اجتماعی | بینش پژوهش | مردم نگاری | تغییر رفتار | تغییر اجتماعی | اکولوژی رفتاری
مقاله ترجمه شده
7 Acceptability of financial incentives for encouraging uptake of healthy behaviours: A critical review using systematic methods
پذیرش مشوق های مالی برای تشویق جذب رفتارهای سالم: بررسی انتقادی با استفاده از روش سیستماتیک-2015
Objective. Financial incentives are effective in encouraging healthy behaviours, yet concerns about acceptabil ity remain. We conducted a systematic review exploring acceptability of financial incentives for encouraging healthy behaviours. Methods. Database, reference, and citation searches were conducted from the earliest available date to October 2014, to identify empirical studies and scholarly writing that: had an English language title, were pub lished in a peer-reviewed journal, and explored acceptability of financial incentives for healthy behaviours in members of the public, potential recipients, potential practitioners or policy makers. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results. Eighty one papers were included: 59 pieces of scholarly writing and 22 empirical studies, primarily exploring acceptability to the public. Five themes were identified: fair exchange, design and delivery, effective ness and cost-effectiveness, recipients, and impact on individuals and wider society. Although there was consen sus that iffinancial incentives are effective and cost effective they are likely to be considered acceptable, a number of other factors also influenced acceptability. Conclusions. Financial incentives tend to be acceptable to the public when they are effective and cost-effective. Programmes that benefit recipients and wider society; are considered fair; and are delivered to individuals deemed appropriate are likely to be considered more acceptable. Keywords: Healthy behaviours Critical review Systematic review Financial incentives Behaviour change
مقاله انگلیسی
8 نقد عدالت سلامت بازاریابی اجتماعی: کجا مداخلات تاثیر می گذارند اما میزان موفقیت شان ناکافی است؟
سال انتشار: 2013 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 26
مداخلات سلامت به طور فزاینده ای بر تحقیق کیفی سازنده و تکنیک های بازاریابی برای تاثیر بر تغییر رفتار متکی هستند. با این حال مطالعات کمی، تحقیق کیفی را به فرایند تکامل برنامه پیوند زده اند تا درکی از اثر و میزان موفقیت آن را ارائه دهند، یعنی مداخلات تغییر رفتار تا چه حد؟، برای چه کسی؟ و در چه زمینه هایی؟ تاثیر می گذارند. ما موفقیت یک مداخله بهداشتی مبتنی بر جامعه را انعکاس می دهیم که در محلات فقیرنشین کاتماندو نپال انجام شده است و رفتار مادر و سلامت نوزاد را مورد ارزیابی قرار می دهد. ما همه جفت مادران و نوزادان در دسترس (n=88) را مشارکت داده و آنها را به گروه های کنترل و گروه های مداخله تقسیم کردیم. تحقیق کیفی سازنده پیرامون عمل بهداشتی شستن دست ها شامل مشاهدات ساختاریافته 88 مادر، 3 گروه متمرکز و 26 مصاحبه جامع شد. مداخله ما توسط محرک های اجتماعی همچون تبلیغ گسترده پیرامون شستن دست ها با آب و صابون هدایت می شد. دوره ارزیابی شش ماهه شامل شستن دست ها و نرخ مرگ و میر، مشاهده شرکت کننده، سوابق نظام مند از جلسات دوهفتگی انجمن و مصاحبه با 12 مادر می شد. درحالیکه اندازه گیری های کمی نشان دهنده بهبود در نرخ شستن دست ها و کاهش 40 درصدی در میزان ابتلای کودکان به اسهال بود. استدلال ما این است که یک رویکرد بازاریابی اجتماعی ذاتاً محدود است: تمرکز بر عاملیت فردی به جای رفتار تحمیل کننده شرایط ساختاری می تواند سهواً نابرابری بهداشت و سلامت را تشدید کند. این امر از این تناقض جلوگیری می کند که افراد با بیشترین نیاز به بازاریابی اجتماعی سلامت احتمالاً از آن کمتر سود می برند که این نشان می دهد شستن دست ها در محلات فقیر نشین بی ارتباط یا بی فایده است. بنابراین بازاریابی اجتماعی به بهترین شکل خود در محدوده ای از مداخلاتی که با محرک های ساختاری، رفتاری و شناختی تغییر رفتار سر و کار دارند توسعه می یابد. نتیجه آنکه منتقدان بازاریابی اجتماعی توجه کافی به مسائل برابری بهداشت و سلامت نداشته اند و این نشان می دهد که چگونه این را می توان با استفاده از داده های کیفی گنجانده شده در مراحل سازنده و ارزیابی یک مداخله بررسی کرد.
واژگان کلیدی: نپال | محله فقیر نشین | شستن دست ها | مردم نگاری | تغییر رفتار | ارزیابی برنامه | تحقیق کیفی | مطالعات مداخله
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