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نتیجه جستجو - Biogas

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 20
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Conceptual MINLP approach to the development of a CO2 supply chain network – Simultaneous consideration of capture and utilization process flowsheets
رویکرد مفهومی MINLP برای توسعه یک شبکه زنجیره تامین CO2 - در نظر گرفتن همزمان صفحه های جریان فرآیند ضبط و استفاده-2021
A large fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions comes from large point sources such as power plants, petroleum refineries, and large industrial facilities. A significant decrease of these CO2 emissions can be achieved with CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. This study proposes a conceptually simplified model for the optimization of combined CO2 supply networks and capture and utilization technologies by the mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) approach. The objective is to maximize the profit of CCUS technologies, considering chemisorption using methyl-diethanolamine (MDEA) as a capture technology and conversion of CO2 to CH3OH as a utilization technology. Additionally, avoided tax from reduced CO2 emissions is considered as a revenue. A hypothetical case study of five larger point sources of CO2 was investigated, namely coal power plants, biogas plant, aluminium production plant and two cement plants. Two scenarios were considered: i) Scenario A considering different values of the CO2 tax, and ii) Scenario B considering different flue gas flowrates at different values of the CO2 tax. The results show the potential of model-based optimization in reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by CCUS technology. Furthermore, the results in Scenario A show that CCUStechnology is only profitable if the price of CO2 emissions is higher than 110 €/t emitted CO2. Moreover, the results in Scenario B show that both the profit and the production of CH3OH depend to a large extent on the flue gas flow.
KEYWORDS: Point sources of CO2 | Carbon capture | Storage and utilization (CCUS) | Supply network optimization | Process optimization | MINLP approach
مقاله انگلیسی
2 A new circular business model typology for creating value from agro-waste
نوع جدید مدل کسب و کار دایره ای برای ایجاد ارزش از زباله های کشاورزی-2020
Shifting from a linear to a circular economy in the agrifood domain requires innovative business models, including reverse logistics, new visions on customer-supplier relationships, and new forms of organization and marketing strategies at the crossroads of various value chains. This research aims to identify and characterise different types of business models that create value from agricultural waste and by-products via cascading or closing loops. Conceptual and management insights into circular business models are still sparse. In total, 39 cases have been studied that convert agro-waste and by-products into valuable products via a circular economy approach. Semi-structured interviews and on-site visits of six representative cases have been done, and secondary data been collected. Data has been treated with content analysis. Cases are presented according to the type of organisational structure, resources, transformation processes, value propositions, key partners, customers, strategic approaches and innovation. Six types of circular business models are identified and discussed: biogas plant, upcycling entrepreneurship, environmental biorefinery, agricultural cooperative, agropark and support structure. They differ in their way of value creation and organisational form, but strongly depend on partnerships and their capacity to respond to changing external conditions. This study offers the first circular business model typology within the agricultural domain, revealing the interconnectedness of the six different business model types. It provides options for managers in positioning and adapting their business strategies. It highlights the potential of using biomass first for higher added-value products before exploiting it as energy source. Cascading biomass valorisation at a territorial level will increasingly be important for locally cooperating actors within a circular bioeconomy approach.
Keywords: Circular economy | Bioeconomy | Business models | Agro-waste valorisation | Networks
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Micro-combined heat and power using dual fuel engine and biogas from discontinuous anaerobic digestion
گرما و قدرت میکرو ترکیبی با استفاده از موتور سوخت دوگانه و بیوگاز از هضم بی هوازی ناپیوسته-2020
The modeling of the Micro-CHP unit operating in dual-fuel mode is performed based on experimental results carried out at the laboratory scale. The engine tests were performed on an AVL engine, with a maximum power of 3.5 kW, using conventional diesel as pilot fuel and synthetic biogas as primary fuel. The biogas flow rate is evaluated using the experimental results from the literature, based on the anaerobic digestion in batch reactor of a mixture of 26% of Oat Straw and 74% of Cow Manure, diluted to contain only 4% of volatile solid. The engine operation was modeled using the Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) method. Experimental engine tests were used as a database for training and validation phases of ANN models. Three different ANN models are developed to model respectively the pilot fuel flow rate, the airflow rate and the exhaust gas temperature. Engine power output, biogas flow rate and biogas methane content were used as the same input layer. Given that the evolution of the biogas flow evolves along the entire digestion duration (50 days), the simulation work is performed by varying the number of digesters to be used in parallel mode. It is obtained that the optimal operation condition, minimizing the number of digesters and using less than 10% of the energy from diesel fuel, is to use 5 digesters and run the engine under load of 70%. It is concluded that a micro-CHP unit of 1 kWe, requires a dual fuel generator with a nominal power of 1 kWe, five digesters and a daily availability of effluents of 171 kg/day, consisting of 45 kg/day of oat straw and 126 kg/day of cow manure. It can also produce up to 2.45 kW of thermal power from the exhaust.
Keywords: Micro CHP | Anaerobic digestion | Dual fuel engine | Artificial Neural Network | Cogeneration
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Electricity generation using biogas from organic fraction of municipal solid waste generated in provinces of China: Techno-economic and environmental impact analysis
تولید برق با استفاده از بیوگاز از کسری آلی پسماندهای جامد شهری تولید شده در استانهای چین: تحلیل تأثیر تکنو اقتصادی و زیست محیطی-2020
This study assessed the electricity generation potential of biogas from organic fraction of municipal solid waste collected for disposal from 2004 to 2018 in 31 provinces of China using landfill gas to energy (LFGTE) and anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies. Economic feasibility assessment of the technologies was carried out using Net Present Value, and Levelized Cost of Energy methods. In addition, environmental impact of waste management options based on global warming potential was assessed under three scenarios. Key findings showed that electricity generation potential of anaerobic digestion technology was higher in all the provinces. Economically, the results showed that both projects are feasible in all the 31 provinces. However, anaerobic digestion project proved to be highly feasible, with more positive net present value, and lower levelized cost of energy. Sensitivity analysis showed that both projects are infeasible with a discount rate beyond 20%. The results also showed that landfill gas without energy recovery has high global warming potential. It was realized that on the average landfill gas to energy technology could reduce global warming potential by 71.5%, while anaerobic digestion technology could reduce global warming potential by 92.7%. This study will offer scientific guidance for investment in anaerobic digestion and landfill gas to energy projects in China and other countries.
Keywords: Electricity generation potential | Organic fraction of municipal solid waste | Biogas | Landfill gas to energy technology | Anaerobic digestion technology | Global warming potential
مقاله انگلیسی
5 A preliminary assessment of industrial symbiosis in Sodankylä
ارزیابی مقدماتی از همزیستی صنعتی در Sodankylä-2020
This study focuses on developing a possible architecture of planned industrial symbiosis in Sodankylä, Finland. The municipality of Sodankylä is considering the establishment of new businesses to boost the regions local economy. The preliminary assessment presented here evaluates some new markets, including combined heat and power plants, a biogas reactor, greenhouse farm, fish farm and several insect farms. These businesses should be able to fulfil the criteria of sustainability and circular economy. This study proposes an architecture where companies can quantify the value and the cost of material exchange. The combined life cycle cost and the net present value of symbiosis are estimated at €93 and €43 million respectively. The combined life cycle cost of waste management is calculated to be €6.40 million. The studys novelty is its projection of the quantified cost of bio-waste and recyclable waste of industries, highlighting the monetary value of industrial symbiosis where waste products can turn into industries raw material. The value gained and cost reduced by such symbiosis is forecast at 14.65% and 6.8% respectively.
Keywords: Industrial symbiosis | Life cycle cost of waste management | Architecture of industrial symbiosis | Material exchange | Circular economy
مقاله انگلیسی
6 A new circular business model typology for creating value from agrowaste
نوع شناسی مدل کسب و کار دایره ای جدید برای ایجاد ارزش حاصل از زراعت-2020
Shifting from a linear to a circular economy in the agrifood domain requires innovative business models, including reverse logistics, newvisions on customer-supplier relationships, and newforms of organization andmarketing strategies at the crossroads of various value chains. This research aims to identify and characterise different types of business models that create value from agricultural waste and by-products via cascading or closing loops. Conceptual and management insights into circular business models are still sparse. In total, 39 cases have been studied that convert agro-waste and by-products into valuable products via a circular economy approach. Semi-structured interviews and on-site visits of six representative cases have been done, and secondary data been collected. Data has been treatedwith content analysis. Cases are presented according to the type of organisational structure, resources, transformation processes, value propositions, key partners, customers, strategic approaches and innovation. Six types of circular business models are identified and discussed: biogas plant, upcycling entrepreneurship, environmental biorefinery, agricultural cooperative, agropark and support structure. They differ in their way of value creation and organisational form, but strongly depend on partnerships and their capacity to respond to changing external conditions. This study offers the first circular businessmodel typologywithin the agricultural domain, revealing the interconnectedness of the six different businessmodel types. It provides options for managers in positioning and adapting their business strategies. It highlights the potential of using biomass first for higher added-value products before exploiting it as energy source. Cascading biomass valorisation at a territorial level will increasingly be important for locally cooperating actors within a circular bioeconomy approach.
Keywords: Circular economy | Bioeconomy | Business models | Agro-waste valorisation | Networks
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Micro-cogeneration based on solid oxide fuel cells: Market opportunities in the agriculture/livestock sector
تولید همزمان خرد بر اساس پیل های سوختی اکسید جامد: فرصت های بازار در بخش کشاورزی / دام-2020
Bio-waste embeds an extraordinary renewable potential, and it becomes a source of energy savings when transformed into a valuable resource, like biogas. Cogeneration (CHP) from biogas employing high-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) scores a high sustain- ability level, thanks to improved environmental and energy performances. The synergy between the niche market of small/micro biogas producers and SOFCs might act as a springboard to open market opportunities for both SOFC commercialization and business upgrade of small farms. However, local regulations, waste management, renewable energy subsidies and, above all, availability of eligible sites, determine real chances for on-the- ground implementation.Through a detailed analysis of the application scenario, this research aims at investi- gating opportunities for the experimentation of SOFCeCHP in small biogas plants and identifying the possible bottlenecks for future deployment. When it becomes relevant, energy conversion of livestock (especially cattle and swine) and agriculture waste requires SOFC modules from 10 kWe to 35 kWe. This is in line with the current status of SOFC suppliers. Moreover, considering the fuel cell market roll-out, the average levelized cost of electricity is expected to decrease from 0.387 V/kWh to 0.115 V/kWh, when electricity is produced from livestock waste available on-site.© 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Keywords: Energy efficiency | Biogas | SOFC | Circular economy | Livestock waste | Micro-CHP
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Bio-natural gas industry in China: Current status and development
صنعت گاز زیست طبیعی در چین: وضعیت فعلی و توسعه-2020
China has promoted its biogas industry for a long time and begun to support bio-natural gas (BNG; also known as biogas upgrading or biogas-to-biomethane) projects for the first time in 2015 at the central government level. This study presented a comprehensive overview of the BNG industry in China, including its status quo, national strategic planning, upgrading technologies, investment cost, potential, and opportunities and challenges. A total of 65 BNG demonstration projects were approved by the central government between 2015 and 2017, and 197 projects are expected to have been built by 2020 as part of the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016–2020). BNG is an emerging industry, and its development provides several opportunities, including a huge natural gas demand, national policy incentives, integrated agriculture, and reduced carbon emissions. The challenges and barriers to such developments include the high upgrading cost, fluctuating natural gas prices, unsound market access mechanism for biomethane and biofertilizer, scarce competition-oriented feedstock resources, incomplete standard system and cross-sectorial management, imperfect policy and subsidy mechanism, and lagging technology and equipment. China can learn from other developed countries in four ways. First, the country must enhance the cost effectiveness of its subsidies. Then, China must highlight the operations of its BNG industry and evaluate its performance; prioritize digestate management in the planning stage; improve its project service level and reinforce research and development. The findings of this work provide a valuable reference for other developing countries that intend to address energy shortage issues and integrate waste management into their regional planning.
Keywords: Biogas | Bio-natural gas | Biomethane | Potential | China
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Managing the dangers in Lake Kivu – How and why
مدیریت خطرات موجود در دریاچه کیوو - چگونه و چرا-2020
Lake Kivu is probably the Worlds largest natural freshwater digester of algae to produce biogas. Its resources in situ may generate power for generations. Extracting gas is essential to avert a future limnic eruption. Undisturbed, the reservoir formed by salinity-based chemoclines, keeps biogenic CH4 and CO₂ in solution. This is stored in lower strata of the lake. Gases accumulating ever closer to saturation levels, threaten to cause a future limnic eruption. An eruption as occurred at Lake Nyos in Cameroon in 1986 with 1746 casualties, can result if not prevented. But Lake Kivu has potential and inventory for consequences 1000 times larger. Based on novel hypotheses on vertical transport and the lakes history, we used multidisciplinary analyses of this situation. One can foresee its outcomes and recognise system constraints. Therefore, initiating gas extraction enables the vital outcomes; (a) society can enforce extraction methods that ensure prevention of future disasters while, (b) minimizing environmental impact, (c) maximizing useful energy output, and (d) developers pursuing economic projects. The key to safety is management of the chemoclines while producing gas. Achieving safety and production needs the right specification of plant design. For gas production facilities, it is designing to achieve what must be done technically. After our primary concern for public safety, we examine ways of minimizing any environmental impacts. Changes are caused by natural upwelling of saline meteoric water from lava strata into the deep monimolimnion of nutrient-rich water bodies. Raw gas extracted must be washed with water from the mixolimnion to make the gas fit for use in power-generation and domestic gas. For maintenance of chemoclines, we discuss how a fraction of the degassed water must be evacuated from the resource strata and re-injected into the mixolimnion to maintain chemoclines. The challenge lies in how to minimize this safety-driven impact on the mixolimnion from toxic effects of H₂S, from CO₂-induced acidity, and oxygen depletion by CH4 and H₂S.
Keywords: Lake Kivu | Limnic eruption | Gas extraction | Best available technology | Risk analysis | Gas processing | Gas resource
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Comparative sustainability assessments for integrated cassava starch wastes biorefineries
ارزیابی پایداری تطبیقی برای مواد زائد نشاسته گیاه کاساوا-2020
Sustainable development in cassava starch industries is hampered by high cost and environmental burdens associated with the business-as-usual (BAU) waste management strategies. In BAU, starch wastewater & bagasse wastes are anaerobically digested to produce biogas for starch drying with the digestate getting disposed into watercourses while the cassava stalks are burnt. Converting the wastes into high-value bio-products in an integrated cassava wastes biorefinery (CWB) could enhance the economic exploitation while reducing the environmental burdens of the wastes. Five simulated CWBs and the BAUhave been assessed and compared using simulations in SimaPro and a percentage sustainability index (PSI) estimation tool to identify product integration schemes that support the development of sustainable CWBs. The CWB scenarios included (I) combined heat & power, with (II) hexosebioethanol, (III) pentose & hexose-bioethanol, (IV) pentose-bioethanol þ glucose syrup, and (V) pentosebioethanol þ succinic acid. The environmental impacts generally increased with the number of product integrations within the biorefinery gate boundaries. However, accounting for avoided emissions from the corresponding fossil-products, the CWBs show higher emission savings than the BAU. The PSIs for the CWBs show that scenarios (I)-(II) favour the economic dimension over the environment dimension and vice versa for scenarios (III)-(V) and the BAU. Based on the substantial net power (~148e363 kW h/1 t feedstock) and fossil emission reduction potentials, implementation of green power tariffs could enhance the economic dimension for near-term applications of the CWBs. Thus, the CWBs should be explored for their potential to enhance sustainable industrial developments in cassava starch industries.
Keywords: Bioethanol | Environmental impacts | Integrated biorefineries | Integrated cassava starch wastes | Life cycle sustainability assessments | Succinic acid
مقاله انگلیسی
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