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Raman spectroscopy for forensic semen identification: Method validation vs. environmental interferences
طیف سنجی رامان برای شناسایی منی پزشکی قانونی: اعتبار سنجی روش در مقابل تداخل های محیطی-2020 Proper identification of body fluids at crime scenes is imperative to forensic investigations, as they yield crucial
pieces of DNA evidence that lead to subsequent investigation resolution and criminal justice. Nevertheless, body
fluid identification can prove a burdensome process, as several ubiquitous substances found at crime scenes often
resemble the appearance of a specific body fluid. Therefore, it is extremely important to find a reliable method
for body fluid discovery and differentiation among other potential environmental inferences (EIs). In this study,
Raman spectroscopy was combined with advanced statistical analysis and used for semen identification. This
method has already been proven to be a powerful tool for characterization of body fluid traces for forensic
purposes. Twenty-seven EI substances that may (i) yield a false positive (FP) result on routine forensic tests for
semen and/or (ii) resemble a semen stain at a crime scene were examined. Raman spectra of EI substances were
compared to spectra of main body fluids: semen, blood, saliva, sweat, and vaginal fluid. The random forest
algorithm was utilized for differentiating between body fluids and EIs commonly found for semen traces. Using
the classification probability threshold of 70%, entire separation of classes was observed. None of the twentyseven
EI substances was classified as any body fluid. This confirms a great potential of Raman spectroscopy for
nondestructive and rapid identification of semen traces found at a crime scene. Keywords: Raman spectroscopy | Chemometrics | Semen identification | Forensics | Biological fluids | Environmental interferences |
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