با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
ردیف | عنوان | نوع |
---|---|---|
1 |
Code as constitution: The negotiation of a uniform accounting code for U:S: railway corporations and the moral justification of stakeholder claims on wealth
کد به عنوان قانون اساسی: مذاکره در مورد یک کد حسابداری یکسان برای شرکت های راه آهن ایالات متحده و توجیه اخلاقی ادعاهای سهامداران در مورد ثروت-2021 Economic historians of the United States identify the railway industry of the nineteenth century as the birthplace of existing institutions of corporate finance, law, and labor relations (Chandler, 1990; Perrow, 2002; Thomas, 2011). This paper shows that the
railway industry was also an important arena for the standardization of corporate accounting in the U. S., and that railway accountants
played a significant role in the federal government’s earliest attempts to regulate large corporations. The paper describes how railway
accountants worked with the first federal regulator of corporations, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), created by act of
Congress in 1887, to create a uniform accounting code for the railway industry. This code was designed by the prominent economist
and ICC statistician Henry Carter Adams to serve as a mechanism for the administrative supervision of railway corporations: a
“cognitive equivalent of a constitution” (Starr, 1987, p. 53) that would promote economic democracy by protecting the property rights
of non-controlling stakeholders in the railway system: shippers who used the trains to send goods to markets, long-term investors in
railway shares and bonds, consumers of shipped goods, and members of the communities that the railways connected and employed.
Railway accountants working with Adams created the rules for answering “potentially divisive questions of fact” (Starr, 1987, p. 53)
about who contributed how much to the assets and profits of the railway corporation, and thus provided moral justification for how
claims on those assets and profits were distributed.
|
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Interval growth across gestation in pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis
رشد فاصله در حاملگی در حاملگی با گاستروشسیس جنین-2021 BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis is often complicated by fetal growth
restriction, preterm delivery, and prolonged neonatal hospitalization. Prenatal management and delivery decisions are often based on estimated
fetal weight and interval growth; however, appropriate interval growth
from week to week across gestation for these fetuses is poorly
understood.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the median increase in overall estimated fetal weight and individual biometric measurements across each week of gestation in pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis and to assess whether lower in utero fetal weight gain is predictive of postnatal growth or adverse neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with gastroschisis evaluated at 5 institutions of the University of California Fetal-Maternal Consortium from December 2014 to December 2019. The inclusion criteria were prenatally diagnosed gastroschisis with at least 1 ultrasound performed at a University of California Fetal-Maternal Consortium institution. Estimated fetal weight and individual biometric measurements were recorded for each ultrasound performed at a University of California Fetal-Maternal Consortium institution from the time of gastroschisis diagnosis to delivery. Median estimated fetal weight and biometric measurements were calculated for each gestational age in 1-week increments. Neonatal outcomes collected were birthweight, length of stay, complications of gastroschisis (bowel atresia, bowel stricture, ischemic bowel before closure, or severe pulmonary hypoplasia), and growth failure at discharge. RESULTS: We identified 95 pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis who, in aggregate, had 360 growth ultrasounds at a University of California FetalMaternal Consortium institution. The median interval growth was 130 g/wk. The median estimated fetal weight and abdominal circumference in fetal gastroschisis cases were approximately the tenth percentile on the Hadlock growth curve across gestation. Moreover, the median biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length measurements remained below the 50th percentile on the Hadlock growth curve across gestation. The median birthweight for neonates with less than the median weekly prenatal weight gain was less than for those with greater than the median weekly prenatal weight gain (2185 g vs 2780 g; P<.01). There was no difference in prenatal weight gain trajectory when comparing neonates who had or did not have bowel complications of gastroschisis. CONCLUSION: In this multicenter cohort of pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis, the median interval growth was 130 g/wk, and overall, in utero growth closely followed the tenth percentile on the Hadlock curve. Poor prenatal growth in cases of fetal gastroschisis correlates with lower neonatal weights but did not predict a more complicated course. Key words: abdominal wall defect | biometric parameters | fetal anomaly | fetal growth restriction | nomograms | postnatal growth |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Catch them alive: A malware detection approach through memory forensics, manifold learning and computer vision
آنها را زنده بگیرید: یک روش تشخیص بدافزار از طریق پزشکی قانونی حافظه ، یادگیری چندگانه و بینایی ماشین-2021 The everlasting increase in usage of information systems and online services have
triggered the birth of the new type of malware which are more dangerous and hard
to detect. In particular, according to the recent reports, the new type of fileless malware infect the victims’ devices without a persistent trace (i.e. file) on hard drives.
Moreover, existing static malware detection methods in literature often fail to detect
sophisticated malware utilizing various obfuscation and encryption techniques. Our
contribution in this study is two-folded. First, we present a novel approach to recognize
malware by capturing the memory dump of suspicious processes which can be represented as a RGB image. In contrast to the conventional approaches followed by static
and dynamic methods existing in the literature, we aimed to obtain and use memory data to reveal visual patterns that can be classified by employing computer vision
and machine learning methods in a multi-class open-set recognition regime. And second, we have applied a state of art manifold learning scheme named UMAP to improve
the detection of unknown malware files through binary classification. Throughout the
study, we have employed our novel dataset covering 4294 samples in total, including 10 malware families along with the benign executables. Lastly, we obtained their
memory dumps and converted them to RGB images by applying 3 different rendering
schemes. In order to generate their signatures (i.e. feature vectors), we utilized GIST
and HOG (Histogram of Gradients) descriptors as well as their combination. Moreover,
the obtained signatures were classified via machine learning algorithms of j48, RBF
kernel-based SMO, Random Forest, XGBoost and linear SVM. According to the results
of the first phase, we have achieved prediction accuracy up to 96.39% by employing
SMO algorithm on the feature vectors combined with GIST+HOG. Besides, the UMAP
based manifold learning strategy has improved accuracy of the unknown malware
recognition models up to 12.93%, 21.83%, 20.78% on average for Random Forest, linear SVM and XGBoost algorithms respectively. Moreover, on a commercially available
standard desktop computer, the suggested approach takes only 3.56 s for analysis on
average. The results show that our vision based scheme provides an effective protection mechanism against malicious applications. Keywords: Memory forensics | Memory dump | Machine learning | Computer vision | Malware detection | Manifold learning |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Gestational diabetes and fetal growth in twin compared with singleton pregnancies
دیابت بارداری و رشد جنین در دوقلوها در مقایسه با بارداری های تک قلویی-2021 BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with
accelerated fetal growth in singleton pregnancies but may affect twin
pregnancies differently because of the slower growth of twin fetuses
during the third trimester of pregnancy and their greater predisposition to
fetal growth restriction.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association of gestational diabetes mellitus with longitudinal fetal growth in twin pregnancies and to compare this association with that observed in singleton pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of all women with a singleton or twin pregnancy who were followed up at a single tertiary referral center between January 2011 and April 2020. Data on estimated fetal weight and individual fetal biometric indices were extracted from ultrasound examinations of eligible women. Generalized linear models were used to model and compare the change in fetal weight and individual biometric indices as a function of gestational age between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in twin pregnancies and between women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in singleton pregnancies. The primary outcome was estimated fetal weight as a function of gestational age. The secondary outcomes were longitudinal growth of individual fetal biometric indices and the rate of small for gestational age and large for gestational age at birth. RESULTS: A total of 26,651 women (94,437 ultrasound examinations) were included in the analysis: 1881 with a twin pregnancy and 24,770 with a singleton pregnancy. The rate of gestational diabetes mellitus in the twin and singleton groups was 9.6% (n¼180) and 7.6% (n¼1893), respectively. The estimated fetal weight in singleton pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus was significantly higher than that in pregnancies without gestational diabetes mellitus (P<.001) starting at approximately 30 weeks of gestation. The differences remained similar after adjusting for maternal age, chronic hypertension, nulliparity, and neonatal sex (P<.001). In twin pregnancies, fetal growth was similar between pregnancies with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (P¼.105 and P¼.483 for unadjusted and adjusted models, respectively). The findings were similar to the association of gestational diabetes mellitus with the risk of large for gestational fetuses and the growth of each biometric index. When stratified by type of gestational diabetes mellitus treatment, twin pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus was associated with accelerated fetal growth only in the subgroup of women with medically treated gestational diabetes mellitus (P<.001), which represented 12% (n¼21) of the twin pregnancy group with gestational diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: In contrast to singleton pregnancies, twin pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus is less likely to be associated with accelerated fetal growth. This finding has raised the question of whether the diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus and the blood glucose targets in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus should be individualized for twin pregnancies. Key words: gestational diabetes mellitus | growth | macrosomia | large for gestational age | multifetal pregnancy | twin pregnancy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
ارتباط بین نوع زایمان و افسردگی پس از آن (PPD)
سال انتشار: 2021 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 21 پیش زمینه : افسردگی پس از زایمان (PPD) با پیامدهای نامطلوب سلامتی از جمله خودکشی مادران همراه است. نوع زایمان از جمله ریسک فاکتورهای مربوط به افسردگی پس از زایمان (PPD) می باشد اما مطالعات گسترده ای در زمینه ارتباط بین نوع زایمان با افسردگی پس از زایمان صورت نگرفته است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ارتباط بین نوع زایمان با افسردگی پس از آن بین یک و شش ماه پس از زایمان می باشد.
روش ها : در یک مطالعه سراسری بر روی 89954 مادر با تولد تک قلو زنده، ما ارتباط بین نوع زایمان و خطرات افسردگی پس از زایمان ( PPD ) را بررسی کردیم. PPD با استفاده از مقیاس افسردگی پس از زایمان ادینبورگ (≥13) در 1 و 6 ماه پس از زایمان ارزیابی شد. نسبت احتمال ( Odds ratios (ORs) ) با فاصله اطمینان ( confidence intervals (CIs) ) 95% از افسردگی پس از زایمان ( PPD ) با استفاده از رگرسیون لجستیک (logistic regression ) چند متغیره پس از تعدیل عوامل فیزیکی، اجتماعی-اقتصادی و روانی قبل از تولد محاسبه شد. نتایج : از میان 89954 زن , 3.7% در ماه اول پس از زایمان و 2.8% در ماه ششم پس از زایمان دارای افسردگی بودند. در مقایسه با زایمان طبیعی واژینال بدون کمک, زایمان به شکل سزارین به شکل بارزی با افسردگی در ماه اول همراه بود اما در ماه ششم به این شکل نبود و ORهای تعدیل شده به ترتیب 1.10 (95% CI، 1.00-1.21) و 1.01 (95% CI، 0.90-1.13) بودند. افسردگی در ماه اول در زنانی که پریشانی روانی در دوران بارداری داشتند مشهود بود (OR تعدیل شده 1.15؛ 95% فاصله اطمینان (CI)، 1.03-1.28) اما ارتباط مشاهده شده پس از سازگار شدن مادر با موضوع با روش تغذیه نوزاد کاهش یافت. نتیجه گیری : مادرانی که در دوران بارداری مشکلات روانی داشته اند و مادرانی که با روش سزارین زایمان کرده اند در معرض ابتلا به به افسردگی پس از زایمان می باشند. کلمات کلیدی: سزارین | افسردگی پس از زایمان | پریشانی روانی | شیردهی | مطالعه آینده نگر |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
6 |
Identifying influential factors distinguishing recidivists among offender patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia via machine learning algorithms
شناسایی عوامل موثر در تشخیص تکرار مجدد در بین بیماران مجرم با تشخیص اسکیزوفرنی از طریق الگوریتم های یادگیری ماشین-2020 Purpose: There is a lack of research on predictors of criminal recidivism of offender patients diagnosed
with schizophrenia.
Methods: 653 potential predictor variables were anlyzed in a set of 344 offender patients with a diagnosis
of schizophrenia (209 reconvicted) using machine learning algorithms. As a novel methodological
approach, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), backward selection, logistic regression, trees,
support vector machines (SVM), and naive bayes were used for preselecting variables. Subsequently the
variables identified as most influential were used for machine learning algorithm building and
evaluation.
Results: The two final models (with/without imputation) predicted criminal recidivism with an accuracy
of 81.7 % and 70.6 % and a predictive power (area under the curve, AUC) of 0.89 and 0.76 based on the
following predictors: prescription of amisulpride prior to reoffending, suspended sentencing to
imprisonment, legal complaints
filed by relatives/therapists/public authorities, recent legal issues, number of offences leading to forensic treatment, anxiety upon discharge, being single, violence toward care team and constant breaking of rules during treatment, illegal opioid use, middle east as place of
birth, and time span since the last psychiatric inpatient treatment.
Conclusion: Results provide new insight on possible factors influencing persistent offending in a specific
subgroup of patients with a schizophrenic spectrum disorder. Keywords: Criminal justice | Criminal recidivism | Machine learning | Offender | Schizophrenia |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
The association between perceived coercion on admission and formal coercive practices in an inpatient psychiatric setting
ارتباط بین اجبار درک شده در پذیرش و شیوه های اجباری رسمی در یک محیط روانپزشکی بستری-2020 Involuntary care is a feature of mental health services around the world. In addition to involuntary admission and treatment, specific coercive practices include seclusion and physical restraint. Our study aimed to determine the relationships, if any, between these practices and perceived coercion on admission among psychiatry in- patients in Ireland, as well as any relationships between perceived coercion on admission and variables such as age, gender and diagnosis. We included 107 psychiatry inpatients aged 18 years or over who were admitted to the acute psychiatry admission units in Tallaght University Hospital and Connolly Hospital, Dublin, Ireland over a 30-month period between September 2017 and February 2020. Over a quarter (27.1%) of participating patients had involuntary status; nine (8.4%) had experienced at least one episode of seclusion, and ten (9.3%) had experienced at least one episode of restraint. Perceived coercion on admission was significantly associated with involuntary status and female gender; perceived negative pressures on admission were significantly associated with involuntary status and positive symptoms of schizophrenia; perceived procedural injustice on admission was significantly associated with fewer negative symptoms, involuntary status, cognitive impairment and female gender; and negative affective reactions to hospitalisation on admission were significantly associated with birth in Ireland and being employed. Total score across these four subscales was significantly associated with invol- untary status and positive symptoms, and had borderline significant associations with birth in Ireland, being employed and female gender. Overall, perceived coercion on admission, assessed in retrospect by the patient, is more closely associated with involuntary status and symptoms than it is with subsequent formal coercive practices, such as seclusion and restraint. The role of gender merits particular attention in future research, especially in relation to procedural injustice on admission and perceived coercion on admission. Keywords: Coercion | Involuntary admission | Mental health legislation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
How does urban agglomeration integration promote entrepreneurship in China? Evidence from regional human capital spillovers and market integration
چگونه ادغام اجتماعات شهری باعث پیشرفت کارآفرینی در چین می شود؟ شواهدی از سرریز سرمایه انسانی منطقه ای و ادغام بازار-2020 Using firm birth records and startup data matched with cities characteristics, this paper analyzes nearly 300 prefecture-level cities to examine the role of human capital and market access in shaping the economic geography of innovation-driven entrepreneurship in China. We document strong positive entrepreneurial effects of local human capital resources and market size as well as market integration and human capital spillovers from mega-urban agglomerations of integrated cities. Our estimates point to an elasticity of innovation-driven entrepreneurship with respect to human capital spillovers of 0.50–0.79. The elasticity with respect to market integration is 0.53–0.89. Our results also suggest heterogeneous human capital spillover and market integration effects across urban agglomerations. These effects are more robust in first-tier urban agglomerations because first-tier urban agglomerations have a stronger economic base and greater connectivity. Strong human capital spillover and large gains from access to surrounding economic mass jointly highlight the integrated development of mega-urban agglomerations in China. We discuss policy implications that concern promotion of local in- novation-driven entrepreneurship by strengthening intercity coordination, building transportation and social infrastructure, and improving urban management. Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Human capital spillover | Market integration | Urban agglomeration |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Influence of institutional economics on firm birth and death: A comparative analysis of hospitality and other industries
تأثیر اقتصاد نهادی بر تولد و مرگ محکم: یک تحلیل مقایسه ای از مهمان نوازی و سایر صنایع-2020 This paper investigates how public policies, such as taxes and regulations influence firm formation (birth) and closure (death) in the hospitality and other industries in the United States (US), using an institutional economics approach and the dimensions of the Economic Freedom of North America (EFNA) index. The literature has been scant when it comes to examining the effects of policies of formal institutions on firms’ birth and death in the hospitality industry, and whether these effects in hospitality differ from those of other sectors. The study uses panel data from government sources and the EFNA dimensions and applies cross-sectional dependence and unit root tests, followed by a panel generalized least square approach for the analysis. Our findings show that components of economic freedom have varying effects on firms’ birth and death. The study provides practical contributions for policymakers and managers by improving the understanding of firm births and deaths in the US. Keywords: Entrepreneurship | Hospitality industry | Economic | freedom | Institutional economics | Firm birth and death | Public policies |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Nutritional control of puberty in the bovine female: prenatal and early postnatal regulation of the neuroendocrine system
کنترل تغذیه ای بلوغ در گاو های ماده : تنظیم پیش از تولد و زودرس پس از زایمان سیستم عصبی و غدد درونریز-2020 Puberty is a complex biological event that requires maturation of the reproductive
neuroendocrine axis and subsequent initiation of high-frequency, episodic release of GnRH
and LH. Nutrition is a critical factor affecting the neuroendocrine control of puberty.
Although nutrient restriction during juvenile development delays puberty, elevated rates
of body weight gain during this period facilitate pubertal maturation by programming
hypothalamic centers that underlie the pubertal process. Recent findings suggest that
maternal nutrition during gestation can also modulate the development of the fetal
neuroendocrine axis, thus influencing puberty and subsequent reproductive function.
Among the several metabolic signals, leptin plays a critical role in conveying metabolic
information to the brain and, consequently, controlling puberty. The effects of leptin on
GnRH secretion are mediated via an upstream neuronal network because GnRH neurons
do not express the leptin receptor. Two neuronal populations located in the arcuate nucleus
that express the orexigenic peptide neuropeptide Y (NPY), and the anorexigenic
peptide alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (aMSH), are key components of the
neurocircuitry that conveys inhibitory (NPY) and excitatory (aMSH) inputs to GnRH neurons.
In addition, neurons in the arcuate nucleus that coexpress kisspeptin, neurokinin B,
and dynorphin (termed KNDy neurons) are also involved in the metabolic control of puberty.
Our studies in the bovine female demonstrate that increased planes of nutrition
during juvenile development lead to organizational and functional changes in hypothalamic
pathways comprising NPY, proopiomelanocortin (POMC, the precursor of aMSH),
and kisspeptin neurons. Changes include alterations in the abundance of NPY, POMC, and
Kiss1 mRNA and in plasticity of the neuronal projections to GnRH neurons. Our studies also
indicate that epigenetic mechanisms, such as modifications in the DNA methylation
pattern, are involved in this process. Finally, our most recent data demonstrate that
maternal nutrition during gestation can also induce morphological and functional changes
in the hypothalamic NPY system in the heifer offspring that are likely to persist long after
birth. These organizational changes occurring during fetal development have the potential
to not only impact puberty but also influence reproductive performance throughout
adulthood in the bovine female. Keywords: Heifers | Hypothalamus | Leptin | Nutrition | Puberty |
مقاله انگلیسی |