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Obstacles to achieving cross-border tourism governance: A multi-scalar approach focusing on the German-Czech borderlands
موانع دستیابی به حکومت گردشگری مرزی :یک رویکرد چند اسکالر با تمرکز بر مناطق مرزی آلمان و چک-2017 This paper aims to identify distinctive obstacles to the establishment of tourism destina
tion governance in both transnational and within-country borderlands. Analysis of the
German-Czech borderlands, a region also incorporating within-country borders between
three German federal states, indicates the multi-scalar and political contestations of
cross-border tourism collaboration. Local tourism projects are generally successful, both
on a transnational German-Czech level and between the German states of Bavaria,
Saxony and Thuringia. However, structural cross-border destination management does
not exist because of (transnational) multi-scalar institutional alignment problems and
(internal) tourism-specific destination-level power contestations. Understanding destina
tion management processes in borderlands, therefore, requires: (i) explicit multi-scalar
analysis; (ii) recognition of both transnational and within-country contexts; (iii) more
cross-pollination between tourism planning and cross-border governance research.
Keywords: Tourism planning | Destination management | Multi-level governance | Cross-border tourism | Cross-border cooperation | Border regions |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Stay cool, sell stuff cheap, and smile: Examining how reputational management of dental tourism reinforces structural oppression in Los Algodones, Mexico
باقی بمانید، چیزها را ارزان بفروشید و لبخند بزنید: بررسی اینکه چگونه مدیریت شهرنشینی گردشگری دندانپزشکی، سرکوب ساختاری را در لس الگودونز، مکزیک تقویت می کند-2017 Los Algodones, Mexico is characteristic of other medical border towns whose proximity to the Mexico
United States border enables American and Canadian patients to take advantage of economic asym
metries on either side of the border to access desired health care. Los Algodones is unique, however, in its
focus on the provision of dental care and claims by local residents that it has the highest concentration of
dentists per capita in the world. In this paper, we present an analysis of interviews with employees
working in Los Algodones dental tourism industry to examine interviewees’ participation in practices
related to reputational management of the industry site. Drawing on our interview discussions, we argue
that many of these reputational management practices reinforce structural injustices and raise concerns
for structural exploitation in the industry. This analysis nuances ethical considerations for medical
tourism by highlighting structural factors informing unjust practices within the industry, factors which
might be relevant to other medical tourism contexts.
Keywords: Medical tourism | Structural injustice | Mexico | Borderlands |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Stigmergy at the edge: Adversarial stigmergy in the war on drugs
نشانه ورزی در لبه: نشانه ورزی خصمانه در جنگ با مواد مخدر-2016 As a consequence of the stigmergic coordination that occurs among criminal and government agents, resilience has been built into the system that supplies illegal drugs to American consumers. Criminal agents create technology responses that are simple and cost-effective, and consistently defeat the actions of government agents. Those responses to stigmergic stimulus improve iteratively the resilience and sophistication of the clandestine supply chains. In what the author calls a ‘‘homeland security Chaos Monkey model” a constant but predictable governmental escalation in the war on drugs plays the role of a failure signal to build resilience in the narcotics system: Any success by governmental agents sends stigmergic signals to criminal agents. These signals communicate a failure in the supply chain that requires an adversarial innovation to defeat the updated shape of the interdiction. The result is a more resilient system. This cycle of adversarial stigmergy has encouraged the emergence of a well-coordinated system of clandestine innovation in the territory of the US–Mexico borderlands that takes advantage of the border switch to solve in an iterative form one particular problem: to identify and exploit the vulnerabilities of a complicated enforcement architecture to build resilient narcotics systems. For homeland security policies to be more effective, interdiction policies and technologies should be built with a better understanding of the stigmergic forces that shape adaptation in the war on drugs system.© 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Stigmergy | Self-organization | Organized crime | Innovation | War on drugs | Drug cartels |
مقاله انگلیسی |