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نتیجه جستجو - By-products

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 15
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Towards resilient and sustainable supply of critical elements from the copper supply chain: A review
به سمت تأمین انعطاف پذیر و پایدار عناصر حیاتی از زنجیره تامین مس: یک مرور-2021
The highly specialized materials needed for the de-carbonization of energy, smart devices and the internet of things have created supply concerns of critical elements used in these applications. Several critical elements are produced as by-products from base metal mining and processing. Increasing the capture of critical elements from existing operations should lead to a more resilient and sustainable supply of these elements. Towards this goal, this paper presents a review of the distribution behavior of five critical elements (selenium, tellurium, arsenic, antimony and bismuth) through the primary copper pyrometallurgical supply chain. This review identifies gaps in the distribution/concentration data of these elements in deposits and during mineral processing. Smelter dusts, refinery slimes and electrolyte are points of enrichment that can be targeted for additional recovery of these elements. Using published data, copper smelter dusts appear to contain enough arsenic and bismuth to meet the world’s supply needs. Industrial data collected from 29 refineries and represents ~46% of the worlds electrorefining production was extrapolated to examine the contained annual content of these five elements. Copper anodes contain 7900 tones/yr of selenium, 2300 tonnes/yr of tellurium, 24,000 tones/yr arsenic, 7100tonnes/yr of antimony and 5100 tones/yr of bismuth. The selenium and tellurium contents are 2–3 times and 4–5 times more than the current world’s annual production of these elements, respectively. While technology development in the processing of smelter dusts and refinery slimes could provide important breakthroughs, government and corporate collaboration are likely needed to encourage increased recovery of selenium, tellurium, arsenic, antimony and bismuth from the primary copper pyrometallurgical supply chain.
Keywords: Critical elements | Copper | Ore | Flotation | Smelting | Refining
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Evolving challenges and strategies for fungal control in the food supply chain
چالش ها و استراتژی های در حال کنترل برای کنترل قارچ در زنجیره تامین مواد غذایی-2021
Fungi that spoil foods or infect crops can have major socioeconomic impacts, posing threats to food security. The strategies needed to manage these fungi are evolving, given the growing incidence of fungicide resistance, tightening regulations of chemicals use and market trends imposing new food-preservation challenges. For example, alternative methods for crop protection such as RNA-based fungicides, biocontrol, or stimulation of natural plant defences may lessen concerns like environmental toxicity of chemical fungicides. There is renewed focus on natural product preservatives and fungicides, which can bypass regulations for ‘clean label’ food products. These require investment to find effective, safe activities within complex mixtures such as plant extracts. Alternatively, physical measures may be one key for fungal control, such as polymer materials which passively resist attachment and colonization by fungi. Reducing or replacing traditional chlorine treatments (e.g. of post-harvest produce) is desirable to limit formation of disinfection by-products. In addition, the current growth in lower sugar food products can alter metabolic routing of carbon utilization in spoilage yeasts, with implications for efficacy of food preservatives acting via metabolism. The use of preservative or fungicide combinations, while involving more than one chemical, can reduce total chemicals usage where these act synergistically. Such approaches might also help target different subpopulations within heteroresistant fungal populations. These approaches are discussed in the context of cur- rent challenges for food preservation, focussing on pre-harvest fungal control, fresh pro- duce and stored food preservation. Several strategies show growing potential for mitigating or reversing the risks posed by fungi in the food supply chain.ª 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Mycological Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). * Corresponding author. E-mail address: Simon.Avery@nottingham.ac.uk (S. V. Avery).1 Authors made equal contributions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2021.01.0031749-4613/ª 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Mycological Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Agrichemicals | Antimicrobial resistance | Food spoilage | Phytopathogens | Spoilage fungi
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Identification and differentiation of commercial and military explosives via high performance liquid chromatography – high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF): Towards a forensic substance database on explosives
شناسایی و تمایز مواد منفجره تجاری و نظامی از طریق کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا - طیف سنجی جرمی با وضوح بالا (HPLC-HRMS) ، پراش سنجی اشعه ایکس (XRD) و طیف سنجی فلورسانس اشعه ایکس (XRF): به سمت پایگاه داده مواد پزشکی قانونی در مورد مواد منفجره-2020
The identification of confiscated commercial and military explosives is a crucial step not only in the uncovering of distribution pathways, but it also aids investigating officers in criminal casework. Even though commercial and military explosives mainly rely on a small number of high-energy compounds, a great variety of additives and synthesis by-products can be found that can differ depending on the brand, manufacturer and application. This makes the identification of commercial and military explosives based on their overall composition a promising approach that can be used to establish a pan-European Forensic Substance Database on Explosives. In this work, three analytical techniques were employed to analyze 36 samples of commercial and military explosives from Germany and Switzerland. An HPLC-HRMS method was developed, using 27 analytes of interest that encompass high-energy compounds, synthesis by-products and additives. HPLCHRMS and XRD were used to gather and confirm molecular information on each sample and XRF analyses were carried out to gain insight on the elemental composition. Combining the results from all three techniques, 41 different additives could be identified as being diagnostic analytes and all samples showed a unique analytical fingerprint, which allows for a differentiation of the samples. Therefore, this work presents a set of methods that can be used as a foundation for the creation and population of a database on explosives that enables the assigning of specific formulations to certain brands, manufacturers and countries of origin.
Keywords: HPLC-HRMS | Powder XRD | XRF | Explosives | Commercial explosives | Military explosives
مقاله انگلیسی
4 A new circular business model typology for creating value from agro-waste
نوع جدید مدل کسب و کار دایره ای برای ایجاد ارزش از زباله های کشاورزی-2020
Shifting from a linear to a circular economy in the agrifood domain requires innovative business models, including reverse logistics, new visions on customer-supplier relationships, and new forms of organization and marketing strategies at the crossroads of various value chains. This research aims to identify and characterise different types of business models that create value from agricultural waste and by-products via cascading or closing loops. Conceptual and management insights into circular business models are still sparse. In total, 39 cases have been studied that convert agro-waste and by-products into valuable products via a circular economy approach. Semi-structured interviews and on-site visits of six representative cases have been done, and secondary data been collected. Data has been treated with content analysis. Cases are presented according to the type of organisational structure, resources, transformation processes, value propositions, key partners, customers, strategic approaches and innovation. Six types of circular business models are identified and discussed: biogas plant, upcycling entrepreneurship, environmental biorefinery, agricultural cooperative, agropark and support structure. They differ in their way of value creation and organisational form, but strongly depend on partnerships and their capacity to respond to changing external conditions. This study offers the first circular business model typology within the agricultural domain, revealing the interconnectedness of the six different business model types. It provides options for managers in positioning and adapting their business strategies. It highlights the potential of using biomass first for higher added-value products before exploiting it as energy source. Cascading biomass valorisation at a territorial level will increasingly be important for locally cooperating actors within a circular bioeconomy approach.
Keywords: Circular economy | Bioeconomy | Business models | Agro-waste valorisation | Networks
مقاله انگلیسی
5 A new circular business model typology for creating value from agrowaste
نوع شناسی مدل کسب و کار دایره ای جدید برای ایجاد ارزش حاصل از زراعت-2020
Shifting from a linear to a circular economy in the agrifood domain requires innovative business models, including reverse logistics, newvisions on customer-supplier relationships, and newforms of organization andmarketing strategies at the crossroads of various value chains. This research aims to identify and characterise different types of business models that create value from agricultural waste and by-products via cascading or closing loops. Conceptual and management insights into circular business models are still sparse. In total, 39 cases have been studied that convert agro-waste and by-products into valuable products via a circular economy approach. Semi-structured interviews and on-site visits of six representative cases have been done, and secondary data been collected. Data has been treatedwith content analysis. Cases are presented according to the type of organisational structure, resources, transformation processes, value propositions, key partners, customers, strategic approaches and innovation. Six types of circular business models are identified and discussed: biogas plant, upcycling entrepreneurship, environmental biorefinery, agricultural cooperative, agropark and support structure. They differ in their way of value creation and organisational form, but strongly depend on partnerships and their capacity to respond to changing external conditions. This study offers the first circular businessmodel typologywithin the agricultural domain, revealing the interconnectedness of the six different businessmodel types. It provides options for managers in positioning and adapting their business strategies. It highlights the potential of using biomass first for higher added-value products before exploiting it as energy source. Cascading biomass valorisation at a territorial level will increasingly be important for locally cooperating actors within a circular bioeconomy approach.
Keywords: Circular economy | Bioeconomy | Business models | Agro-waste valorisation | Networks
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Multi-item bi-level supply chain planning with multiple remanufacturing of reusable by-products
برنامه ریزی زنجیره تامین چند بخشی دو سطحی با بازساخت چندگانه محصولات فرعی قابل استفاده مجدد-2018
In this paper, we investigate a multi-item production planning problem in which remanufacturable raw materials are used for manufacturing the final products. The used raw material (considered as a kind of by-product) needs to be remanufactured before being suitable to be used again to manufacture other final products. However, by-products can be remanufactured only a given number of times. The manufacturing and remanufacturing processes are performed in separated production processes with limited capacity. Each product may be produced using specific raw material references (newly purchased and/or remanufactured). The original industrial case study is based on the supply chain of Silicon-On-Insulator fabrication units. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear mathematical program. Using numerical examples based on industrial data, the model is validated and its behavior is analyzed. Finally, some industrial and academic perspectives to this study are proposed.
keywords: Closed-loop supply chain planning |By-production |Remanufacturing |Bi-level capacitated lot-sizing
مقاله انگلیسی
7 حذف اثرات تولوئن و پارا-زایلین در هوای داخلی با استفاده از بیوفیلتراسیون و یک سیستم هیبریدی (بیوفیلتراسیون + جذب سطحی)
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 11 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 23
تکنولوژی بیوفیلتراسیون و سیستم هیبریدی با ترکیب بیوفیلتراسیون و جذب سطحی (بر روی کربن فعال) به‌عنوان روش‌های احتمالی برای تولوئن و پارا-زایلین در قسمت‌هایی در هر میلیون سطح غلظت (2 و 45 و ppb 33-1) مقایسه شد. مواد آلي به‌عنوان مواد بسته‌بندی براي فرآيند بيوفيلتراسيون استفاده شدند. حتی در زمان‌های ماند بستر خالی (EBRTها) و غلظت‌های پایین، بازده حذف تولوئن به 100٪ رسید و پارا-زایلین روند افزایشی بازده حذف آن‌ها در طول زمان را با استفاده از بیوفیلتراسیونران نشان داد. ارزیابی فرآورده‌ها و تولید ذرات توسط بیوفیلتر و سیستم هیبریدی در نظر گرفته شدند. استون و اسید استیک به‌عنوان فرآورده‌های جانبی بیوفیلتر شناسایی شدند. انتشار ذرات در محدوده 0.03 تا 10 میکرومتر برای هر دو سیستم ثبت شد.
مقاله ترجمه شده
8 Radiological evaluation of by-products used in construction and alternative applications; Part I: Preparation of a natural radioactivity database
ارزیابی رادیولوژیکی محصولات جانبی مورد استفاده در ساخت و ساز و کاربرد های جایگزین؛ قسمت اول: تهیه یک پایگاه داده رادیواکتیو طبیعی-2017
To get an insight into the radiological features of potentially reusable by-products in the construction industry a review of the reported scientific data is necessary. This study is based on the continuously growing database of the By-BM (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015) project (By-products for Building Materials). Selection criteria were defined for manual data mining in such a way to avoid the collection of too hetero geneous datasets. Currently, the By-BM database contains individual data of about 431 by-products and 1095 construction and raw materials. The By-BM database only consists out of measurement information on individual samples and not out of processed data that only gives a rough summary (such as only a range or average) of experimental results. As a consequence of the statistical analysis of the data, it was found that in the case of the construction materials the natural isotope content had a wider distri bution than the by-products. However, the average of the Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 contents of reported by-products were 2.00, 2.11 and 0.48, while the median was found 1.97, 1.24 and 0.53 times higher than the construction materials, respectively. The calculated Radium equivalent concertation was greater than the accepted value for residential properties of 370 Bq/kg in the event of 10.3% of total construction mate rials and 42.4% of by-products, while the I-indexes were above 1.0 index value with 17.3% and 58.2%, respectively. From the obtained data, it can be concluded that the reuse of industrial by-products in con struction materials for residential purposes, without due diligence, can pose elevated risks to residents as a result of their high-volume usage.
Keywords: By-products | Building materials | Reuse | Natural radiation | Database | I-index | Mixing
مقاله انگلیسی
9 حذف اثرات تولوئن و پارا-زایلین در هوای داخلی با استفاده از بیوفیلتراسیون و یک سیستم هیبریدی (بیوفیلتراسیون + جذب سطحی)
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 11 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 26
تکنولوژی بیوفیلتراسیون و سیستم هیبریدی با ترکیب بیوفیلتراسیون و جذب سطحی (بر روی کربن فعال) به‌عنوان روش‌های احتمالی برای تولوئن و پارا-زایلین در قسمت‌هایی در هر میلیون سطح غلظت (2 و 45 و ppb 33-1) مقایسه شد. مواد آلي به‌عنوان مواد بسته‌بندی براي فرآيند بيوفيلتراسيون استفاده شدند. حتی در زمان‌های ماند بستر خالی (EBRTها) و غلظت‌های پایین، بازده حذف تولوئن به 100٪ رسید و پارا-زایلین روند افزایشی بازده حذف آن‌ها در طول زمان را با استفاده از بیوفیلتراسیونران نشان داد. ارزیابی فرآورده‌ها و تولید ذرات توسط بیوفیلتر و سیستم هیبریدی در نظر گرفته شدند. استون و اسید استیک به‌عنوان فرآورده‌های جانبی بیوفیلتر شناسایی شدند. انتشار ذرات در محدوده 0.03 تا 10 میکرومتر برای هر دو سیستم ثبت شد.
مقاله ترجمه شده
10 The profile of bioactive substances in ten vegetable and fruit by-products from a food supply chain in Colombia
مشخصات مواد فعال زیستی در ده سبزی و میوه توسط محصولات از یک زنجیره تامین مواد غذایی در کلمبیا-2017
The processing and commercialization of fruits and vegetables produces considerable amounts of by-products, the disposal of which can be a problem for the industry, but can also provide a valuable source of bioactive compounds. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of different by-products generated in Central Mayorista de Antioquia to serve as a source of biocompounds for their possible use as functional ingredients for animal feed or human consumption. The ten by-products with the highest production per day were selected for analysis of the total carotenes, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity by ORAC. Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL) tables were used at the special inspection level S2, considering the amount of by-products produced (kg/day) as a lot to determine the sample size for analysis. To further characterize the carotene content, bell pepper, carrot, tomato, cabbage and lettuce with the highest carotene values (16.16, 10.36, 8.37, 7.36 and 4.41 mg β-carotene/100g, respectively), were selected to determine their specific carotene composition by HPLC with regard to β-carotene, lycopene and lutein. HPLC analysis showed the presence of β-carotene in all of the by-products analyzed: lycopene in tomato and lutein in cabbage, lettuce, tomato and carrot. Thus, the study showed that the biocompounds found in those five by-products suggest that they can be used as a raw material in the development of functional foods for human consumption and animal feed, offering an alternative way to add value to by-products in food supply chains.
Keywords: By-products| Polyphenols| ORAC| Lutein|β-carotene| Lycopene
مقاله انگلیسی
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