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نتیجه جستجو - CO2 emissions

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 34
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Developing a two-stage model for a sustainable closed-loop supply chain with pricing and advertising decisions
در حال توسعه یک مدل دو مرحله ای برای یک زنجیره تامین حلقه بسته پایدار با تصمیمات قیمت گذاری و تبلیغات-2021
Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) has become a critical problem due to its effects on various factors including economic motivations, environmental concerns, and social impacts. Moreover, there are coordination tools, such as pricing and advertising, which impact its performance. In this paper, we offer a two-stage approach to model and solve a sustainable CLSC, taking into account pricing, green quality, and advertising. In the first stage, optimal decisions on pricing, greening, and advertising are made, while in the second stage, a fuzzy multi- objective Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is used to maximize the total profit, reduce CO2 emissions, and improve social impacts. Suitable solution methods are introduced according to the scale of the problem. For small-scale instances, an augmented ϵ-constraint method is used to solve the problem. For large-scale instances, approximations are required, and a Lagrangian relaxation algorithm solves the problem in polynomial time. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated through various numerical examples. The results illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the model, while confirming significant improvements in sustainable objectives under optimal pricing, green quality, and advertising. Besides, the proposed Lagrangian relaxation method significantly reduces the computational time for large-scale instances, with only a 2.308% deviation from the optimal results.
Keywords: Sustainable closed-loop supply chain | Multi-objective programming | Supply chain pricing | Augmented ϵ-constraint | Lagrangian relaxation | CO2 emissions
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Conceptual MINLP approach to the development of a CO2 supply chain network – Simultaneous consideration of capture and utilization process flowsheets
رویکرد مفهومی MINLP برای توسعه یک شبکه زنجیره تامین CO2 - در نظر گرفتن همزمان صفحه های جریان فرآیند ضبط و استفاده-2021
A large fraction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions comes from large point sources such as power plants, petroleum refineries, and large industrial facilities. A significant decrease of these CO2 emissions can be achieved with CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. This study proposes a conceptually simplified model for the optimization of combined CO2 supply networks and capture and utilization technologies by the mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) approach. The objective is to maximize the profit of CCUS technologies, considering chemisorption using methyl-diethanolamine (MDEA) as a capture technology and conversion of CO2 to CH3OH as a utilization technology. Additionally, avoided tax from reduced CO2 emissions is considered as a revenue. A hypothetical case study of five larger point sources of CO2 was investigated, namely coal power plants, biogas plant, aluminium production plant and two cement plants. Two scenarios were considered: i) Scenario A considering different values of the CO2 tax, and ii) Scenario B considering different flue gas flowrates at different values of the CO2 tax. The results show the potential of model-based optimization in reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere by CCUS technology. Furthermore, the results in Scenario A show that CCUStechnology is only profitable if the price of CO2 emissions is higher than 110 €/t emitted CO2. Moreover, the results in Scenario B show that both the profit and the production of CH3OH depend to a large extent on the flue gas flow.
KEYWORDS: Point sources of CO2 | Carbon capture | Storage and utilization (CCUS) | Supply network optimization | Process optimization | MINLP approach
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Evaluating CO2 emissions from continuous flow and batch growth systems under autotrophic mode: Implications for GHG accounting of biological nutrient removal
ارزیابی انتشار CO2 از جریان مداوم جریان و سیستم های رشد دسته ای تحت حالت اتوتروفیک: پیامدهای حسابداری GHG از حذف مواد مغذی زیستی-2021
The oxidation of ammonia by autotrophic bacteria is a central part of the nitrogen cycle and a fundamental aspect of biological nutrient removal (BNR) during wastewater treatment. Autotrophic ammonia oxidation produces protons and results in net-CO2 production due to the neutralizing effect of bicarbonate alkalinity. Attention must be paid to the propensity for this produced CO2 to be transferred to the atmosphere where it can act as a greenhouse gas (GHG). In the context of BNR systems, bicarbonate-derived CO2 emissions should be considered distinct from the biogenic CO2 that arises from cellular respiration, though this distinction is not made in current GHG accounting practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two experimental systems operated under autotrophic mode and buffered with bicarbonate, to investigate the rela- tionship between ammonia removal and gaseous CO2 emissions. The first system consisted of continuously aerated lab-scale batch reactors, which were effective in demonstrating the important link between ammonia oxidizer activity, pH, and gaseous CO2 production. Depletion of the buffer system always led to a rapid decline in system pH and cessation of CO2 emissions when the pH fell below 7.0. The second system was a tubular continuous-flow biofilm reactor which permitted comparison of ammonia removal and CO2 emission rates. A linear relationship between ammonia removal and CO2 emissions was demonstrated and the quantified CO2 production was relatively close to that which was predicted based on the stoichiometry of nitrification, with this CO2 being detected in the gas phase. It was apparent that this system offered minimal resistance to the mass transfer of CO2 from the liquid to gas, which is an important factor that determines how much of the bicarbonate- derived CO2 may contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in engineered systems such as those used for BNR.
keywords: اکسیداسیون آمونیاک اتوتروفیک | بیوفیلم های autotrophic | حذف مواد مغذی زیستی | قلیایی کربنات | انتشار گاز CO2 | انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای | Autotrophic ammonia oxidation | Autotrophic biofilms | Biological nutrient removal | Carbonate alkalinity | CO2 emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Hybridization of an interactive fuzzy methodology with a lexicographic min-max approach for optimizing a multi-period multi-product multi-echelon sustainable closed-loop supply chain network
ترکیبی از یک روش فازی تعاملی با رویکرد حداکثر واژه نامه نگاری برای بهینه سازی یک شبکه زنجیره تامین پایدار حلقه بسته چند محصولی چند دوره ای-2021
Here, a fuzzy multi-period multi-echelon multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming (MOMINLP) model is considered for a sustainable multi-product multi-site multi-distribution multi-customer supply chain in forward flow having multi-centers for collecting, checking, repairing and decomposing and multi-disposal cen- ters in the reverse flow. Minimizing the total cost of the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), elevating the customer satisfaction degrees, minimizing the total waiting time, minimizing the manufacturing site greenhouse gases and minimizing the CO2 emissions from vehicles are considered as the objective functions. Furthermore, integration of strategic decisions of flow allocations and vehicle routing with tactical and operational decisions such as production and workforce planning and improving upon customer satisfaction are considered. Also, we are concerned with the stability of the model and the accuracy of the obtained solution. We consider uncertainty and propose an appropriate method to develop a fair optimization of the distribution of raw materials and products to the supply chain participants. The presented solution method initially considers an adaptation of the lexico- graphic min–max fairness approach to finding a short delay for the delivery time of all the existing flows between every two consecutive echelons of the CLSC network. Then, a service quality measure is introduced to evaluate the uncertain delivery time considering the delay unpleasantness measure (DUM) index and measure the delay unpleasantness of all the existing delivery time delays. The model is converted to an auxiliary crisp MOMINLP problem by taking appropriate strategies, and a novel interactive fuzzy approach is proposed to find a compromised solution. The effectiveness of the algorithm is illustrated through a generated case study. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by comparing the obtained results with the ones obtained by some other valid approaches, making use of distance and dispersion measure functions. Computational results show the proposed fuzzy method to be more efficient than other approaches. The encouraging results provide motivations for the use of our proposed fuzzy approach to solving other kinds of multi-objective mixed-integer models.
Keywords: Closed-loop supply chain | Fuzzy optimization | Lexicographic min–max fairness | Multi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programming | Uncertainty | Compromised solution
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Transition engineering of transport in megacities with case study on commuting in Beijing
مهندسی انتقالی از حمل و نقل در شهرهای بزرگ با مطالعه موردی در مورد رفت و آمد در پکن-2020
Private automobiles have been wildly popular around the world and have transformed the concept of personal mobility for the affluent. However, automobile-oriented development patterns have demonstrably degraded the quality of the city environment. The economic burden of transport infrastructure asset management, plus air pollution, CO2 emissions and congestion are pressing issues for all cities. City planners struggle with the issues of growth in travel demand and the costs of providing traffic management, parking, policing, and emergency services. The future of personal vehicle mobility and goods movements are particularly challenging, and it is difficult to imagine what the sustainable solutions could be for these wicked problems of transport in megacities. This paper explores urban form, transport activity and quality of life in future cities through the emerging discipline, Transition Engineering. The main methodology is the Interdisciplinary Transition Innovation, Management and Engineering (InTIME) approach, the outcome of which are innovative shift projects that directly step down the negative factors and step up in the quality of life while maintaining the access to social and economic activities. One shift project in Beijing is a new “Work Unit Retrofit” property development enterprise. Integrated land use is a popular idea, but the shift projects in this research answer the questions of “how” the transition to the future city occurs. This research demonstrates the new Transition Engineering approach to sustainable city development that results in actionable property and infrastructure development with financial and social benefits that can be clearly communicated to all stakeholders.
Keywords: Energy transition | Transition engineering | Future cities | Work unit | Adaptive capacity | Urban form | Cycling potential | Commute model
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Model predictive energy management in hybrid ferry grids
مدل مدیریت پیش بینی انرژی در شبکه های کشتی ترکیبی-2020
High performance and cost-effective ferry boats are of capital interest for customers and marine industry companies. On the other hand, the traditional ferry boats, operated by diesel generators, spatter the atmosphere with CO2 emissions and detrimental particles. Hence, electric propulsion in marine applications, especially in ferry vessel systems, has gained a lot of attention during the last decade as a promising technology to decrease fuel consumption and emissions. However, one of the main issues in the electric ferries (E-Ferry) is to keep the voltage and frequency within an acceptable range according to the large dynamic load fluctuations. In order to solve this issue, this paper presents a model predictive energy management based on a modified black hole algorithm (BHA) for the hybrid E-Ferry systems. Finally, to study the efficiency of our proposal, we run a real-time simulation using the d-Space simulator and compare the effect of the prediction horizon on the system performance.
Keywords: Marine power system | Model predictive control (MPC) | Electric ferry-system | Fuel cell technology | Black hole algorithm (BHA)
مقاله انگلیسی
7 An enterprise control methodology for the techno-economic assessment of the energy water nexus
یک روش کنترل شرکت برای ارزیابی فنی و اقتصادی از مزایای آب انرژی-2020
This paper investigates the techno-economic impact of flexible operation of energy-water resources on power systems performance. More specifically, it presents a methodology that combines the lessons learnt from the renewable energy integration literature and the energy-water nexus literature into a single coherent framework that finds synergies between these two fields. From the renewable energy literature, the enterprise control methodology is employed to quantify the energy market production costs, dispatched energy mixes, required operating reserves, levels of curtailment, and grid imbalances for a system with high penetrations of solar and wind energy. This methodology is extended to allow for flexible energy-water resources within the grid’s energy resource portfolio and to quantify the amounts of water withdrawn and consumed by thermal power plants, as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The study considers two cases: (1.) a control case where the system lacks flexible energy-water resources and (2.) an experimental case where hydroelectric power plants, water and wastewater treatment systems serve as flexible energy-water resources for demand response and reserve acquisition. The simulation methodology is demonstrated on the Reliability Test System Grid Modernization Lab Consortium (RTS-GMLC) test case. The experimental case results indicate up to 24.93% and 15.12% improvements in load-following and ramping reserves respectively. Flexible operation also reduces water withdrawals by 5.47% and CO2 emissions by 1.14%. Finally, the experimental case results in lower day-ahead and real-time market production costs by 2.518 M$ and 2.892 M$ respectively.
Keywords: Energy-water nexus | Electricity market | Enterprise control | Smart power grid | Smart water grid | Energy management
مقاله انگلیسی
8 انتشار چهارچوب حسابداری برای پارک های صنعتی در چین
سال انتشار: 2020 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 12 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 31
چین بیشترین تعداد پارک های صنعتی را در جهان دارد. این پارکها نه تنها برای تسریع بخشیدن فرایند صنعتی کشور مهم و حیاتی بلکه برای دست یافتن به اهداف تغیرات آب و هوایی خود نیزمهم و حیاتی هستند. ایجاد فهرست انتشار CO2برای پارک صنعتی اولین مرحله در تحلیل الگوهای انتشار پارک و طراحی سیاست های کم کربن می باشد. به هرحال، بیشتر انتشار قبلی برای پارک های صنعتی با اتخاذ حوزه و روش شناسی مختلف محاسبه می شود که با یکدیگر قابل مقایسه نیستند. این مطالعه روش شناسی و چارچوب خودسازگاری را برای پارک های صنعتی چین مبتنی بر داده سطح شرکت توسعه می دهد. ما هر دو حوزه انتشار 1 و2 را بررسی و فهرست ها را با 19 نوع انرژی و 39 بخش صنعتی ایجاد می کنیم که سازگار با فهرست های انتشار از سطح شهر، استانی و کشوری می باشد. چنین فهرست انتشار مبتنی بر بخش نه تنها قادرخواهد بود تا داده های حمایتی برای طراحی سیاستهای کنترل انرژی/انتشار ارائه دهد بلکه به دولت محلی/مرکزی جهت ارزیابی عملکرد کاهش انتشار پارک کمک می کند. سرانجام، مطالعه تجربی برای چهار پارک صنعتی برای تایید این روش اجرا می شود. علاوه براین، ما برنامه های پارک اکو-صنعتی را در کشورهای ژاپن، کره جنوبی و همچنین ساختار حسابداری انتشاری آنها را بررسی می کنیم. متوجه شدیم که بیشتر پارک های صنعتی ژاپن انتشارهایی با حوزه 1،2 و 3 ارائه می دهند درحالیکه برای کره جنوبی، پارک ها اکثرا در انتشار حوزه 1 تمرکز می کنند. بحث اکو-صنعتی پارک های ژاپن و کره جنوبی اهمیت قابل توجهی برای ساخت پارک های کم – کربن چین دارد.
کلمات کلیدی: انتشار CO2 | پارک های صنعتی | تغییرات آب و هوا | چین
مقاله ترجمه شده
9 Energy management strategy to reduce pollutant emissions during the catalyst light-off of parallel hybrid vehicles
استراتژی مدیریت انرژی برای کاهش انتشار آلاینده ها در هنگام خاموش شدن کاتالیزور وسایل نقلیه هیبریدی موازی-2020
The transportation sector is a major contributor to both air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid electric vehicles can reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions by optimizing the energy management of the powertrain. The purpose of this study is to examine the trade-off between regulated pollutant emissions and hybrid powertrain efficiency. The thermal dynamics of the three-way catalyst are taken into account in order to optimize the light-off. Experimental campaigns are conducted on a spark-ignition engine to introduce simplified models for emissions, exhaust gas temperature, catalyst heat transfers and efficiency. These models are used to determine the optimal distribution of a power request between the thermal engine and the electric motor with three-dimensional dynamic programming and a weighted objective function. A pollution-centered scenario is compared with a consumption-centered scenario for various driving cycles. The optimal torque distribution for the emissions-centered scenario on the world harmonized light-duty vehicles test cycle shows an 8–33% decrease in pollutant emissions while the consumption remains stable (0.1% increase). The consistency of the results is analyzed with respect to the discretization parameters, driving cycle, electric motor and battery sizing, as well as emission and catalyst models. The control strategies are promising but will have to be adapted to online engine control where the driving cycle and the catalyst efficiency are uncertain..
Keywords: Hybrid electric vehicle | Energy management strategy | Dynamic programming | Catalyst thermal behavior | Fuel consumption | Pollutant emissions
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Clean energy production by PEM fuel cells on tourist ships: A time-dependent analysis
تولید انرژی پاک توسط سلولهای سوختی PEM در کشتی های توریستی: یک تحلیل وابسته به زمان-2020
This manuscript presents a clean energy solution for marine applications, investigating both the choice of the most promising production and storage technologies and, in a second step, the best operational management in order to satisfy a ship’s energy demand. The case study subject of the analysis is a ferry, with a capacity up to 200 people, operating on the artificial lake of Itaipu hydroelectric plant (on the border between Brazil and Paraguay). In the framework of new international rules, aimed at clean and sustainable solutions, in particular in Emission Control Areas, PEM fuel cells are a promising technology for onboard power generation. In this paper a PEM fuel cell system is investigated in detail, analyzing the best operative strategy in terms of energy efficiency, CO2 emissions and costs, in comparison with the state-of-the-art solution for ships (fuel oil ICEs). The analysis is performed with two dedicated software tools, both developed at the University of Genoa: the first is a tool modeled to support the preliminary design and the choice of the most promising solutions for maritime applications; the second is a software program for thermo-economic analysis of energy systems in time-dependent conditions, aimed at determination of the best operative strategy, minimizing operative costs. The proposed approach has general validity thus it can also be applied to different kinds of ships, even considering different technologies for energy generation and storage.
Keywords: Hydrogen | Fuel cells | Marine energy systems | Energy systems management | Pollutants mitigation
مقاله انگلیسی
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بازدید امروز: 2022 :::::::: بازدید دیروز: 3097 :::::::: بازدید کل: 36289 :::::::: افراد آنلاین: 20