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نتیجه جستجو - Calculation

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 292
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Efficient Quantum State Preparation for the Cauchy Distribution Based on Piecewise Arithmetic
آماده سازی حالت کوانتومی کارآمد برای توزیع کوشی بر اساس حساب تکه ای-2022
The benefits of the quantum Monte Carlo algorithm heavily rely on the efficiency of the superposition state preparation. So far, most reported Monte Carlo algorithms use the Grover–Rudolph state preparation method, which is suitable for efficiently integrable distribution functions. Consequently, most reported works are based on log-concave distributions, such as normal distributions. However, non-log-concave distributions still have many uses, such as in financial modeling. Recently, a new method was proposed that does not need integration to calculate the rotation angle for state preparation. However, performing efficient state preparation is still difficult due to the high cost associated with high precision and low error in the calculation for the rotation angle. Many methods of quantum state preparation use polynomial Taylor approximations to reduce the computation cost. However, Taylor approximations do not work well with heavy-tailed distribution functions that are not bounded exponentially. In this article, we present a method of efficient state preparation for heavy-tailed distribution functions. Specifically, we present a quantum gate-level algorithm to prepare quantum superposition states based on the Cauchy distribution, which is a non-log-concave heavy-tailed distribution. Our procedure relies on a piecewise polynomial function instead of a single Taylor approximation to reduce computational cost and increase accuracy. The Cauchy distribution is an even function, so the proposed piecewise polynomial contains only a quadratic term and a constant term to maintain the simplest approximation of an even function. Numerical analysis shows that the required number of subdomains increases linearly as the approximation error decreases exponentially. Furthermore, the computation complexity of the proposed algorithm is independent of the number of subdomains in the quantum implementation of the piecewise function due to quantum parallelism. An example of the proposed algorithm based on a simulation conducted in Qiskit is presented to demonstrate its capability to perform state preparation based on the Cauchy distribution.
INDEX TERMS: Algorithms | gate operations | quantum computing.
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Hybrid Quantum-Classical Neural Network for Cloud-Supported In-Vehicle Cyberattack Detection
شبکه عصبی ترکیبی کوانتومی کلاسیک برای تشخیص حمله سایبری در خودرو با پشتیبانی از ابر-2022
A classical computer works with ones and zeros, whereas a quantum computer uses ones, zeros, and superpositions of ones and zeros, which enables quantum computers to perform a vast number of calculations simultaneously compared to classical computers. In a cloud-supported cyber−physical system environment, running a machine learning application in quantum computers is often difficult, due to the existing limitations of the current quantum devices. However, with the combination of quantum-classical neural networks (NN), complex and high-dimensional features can be extracted by the classical NN to a reduced but more informative feature space to be processed by the existing quantum computers. In this study, we developed a hybrid quantum-classical NN to detect an amplitude shift cyberattack on an in-vehicle controller area network dataset. We showed that by using the hybrid quantum-classical NN, it is possible to achieve an attack detection accuracy of 94%, which is higher than a long short-term memory NN (88%) or quantum NN alone (62%).
Index Terms: Sensor applications, clouds | cyberattack | sensor applications | quantum computing | quantum neural network (NN).
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Pricing Multi-Asset Derivatives by Finite-Difference Method on a Quantum Computer
قیمت گذاری مشتقات چند دارایی با روش تفاضل محدود در یک کامپیوتر کوانتومی-2022
Following the recent great advance of quantum computing technology, there are growing interests in its applications to industries, including finance. In this article, we focus on derivative pricing based on solving the Black–Scholes partial differential equation by the finite-difference method (FDM), which is a suitable approach for some types of derivatives but suffers from the curse of dimensionality, that is, exponential growth of complexity in the case of multiple underlying assets. We propose a quantum algorithm for FDM-based pricing of multi-asset derivative with exponential speedup with respect to dimensionality compared with classical algorithms. The proposed algorithm utilizes the quantum algorithm for solving differential equations, which is based on quantum linear system algorithms. Addressing the specific issue in derivative pricing, that is, extracting the derivative price for the present underlying asset prices from the output state of the quantum algorithm, we present the whole of the calculation process and estimate its complexity. We believe that the proposed method opens the new possibility of accurate and high-speed derivative pricing by quantum computers.
INDEX TERMS: Derivative pricing | finite-difference methods (FDMs) | quantum computing.
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Variational Quantum-Based Simulation of Waveguide Modes
شبیه سازی کوانتومی متغیر حالت های موجبر-2022
Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are one of the most promising methods that can be implemented on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) machines to achieve a quantum advantage over classical computers. This article describes the use of a VQA in conjunction with the finite difference method for the calculation of propagation modes of an electromagnetic wave in a hollow metallic waveguide. The two-dimensional (2-D) waveguide problem, described by the Helmholtz equation, is approximated by a system of linear equations, whose solutions are expressed in terms of simple quantum expectation values that can be evaluated efficiently on quantum hardware. Numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed method for solving 2-D waveguide problems.
keywords: Helmholtz equation | quantum computing | waveguide modes.
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Classical Computer Assisted Analysis of Small Multiqudit Systems
تحلیل کامپیوتری کلاسیک سیستم‌های چند کیوبیتی کوچک-2022
Quantum computation model is regarded as a model which can overcome barriers in calculations efficiency of problems which appear in modern science. In spite of hardware development, in particular a recent emergence of several different physical installations of the pioneering quantum machines, the contemporary and numerical analysis of problems concerning quantum computing is very important. In the first part of this article, some useful computing techniques for quantum registers processed by a quantum circuits are presented. Applied classical parallel computational techniques are utilised to shorten the whole computational time. New methods of processing state vectors for qudits and density matrices are presented, indicating which operations may be performed in parallel in the context of the implementation of local unitary operations. There is also shown, how to use the reduction operation in parallel implementation of the von Neumann measurement by performing local measurements on a system of qudits. In addition to the purely technical results as described above, the paper includes also a bunch of purely theoretical results which substitute a solid mathematical ground for the computations performed with the help of the computational routines as described in Section III. In particular, a discussion concerning general multi-qudit quantum states through the prism of Entropy and Negativity measures of entanglement included in has been presented. Additionally, the notion of the total entanglement has been introduced. For certain classes of popular multiqudit states, the introduced deficits of entanglement defined with the use of von Neumann Entropy and Negativity have been discussed. In particular, by the use of Gram matrix technique, the corresponding deficits of entanglement in the analysed states have been computed in an explicite way. Additionally, some new results on AME states for some multiqudit systems are also included in Section V. The last part of the article presents some numerical experiments on multi-qudit entanglement and determination of total entanglement values for convex combinations of GHZ and W states. Some details concerning technical nature of results are included in the attached Appendix.
INDEX TERMS: Quantum computing | quantum circuits | entanglement | entropy | Schmidt decomposition | parallel computations.
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Failure mode and reliability study for Electrical Facility of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor
بررسی حالت خرابی و قابلیت اطمینان برای تاسیسات الکتریکی راکتور آزمایشی مهندسی دما بالا-2021
The first-of-a-kind commercial electricity and hydrogen cogeneration system is being designed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) to establish the industrial application of the High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGR). The High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) is expected to be coupled with a test cogeneration plant to demonstrate its safety features and justify further HTGR technology development. The aim of this work was to assess the frequency of the unplanned outages of such a plant due to the failures of the HTTR Electrical Facility. The system analysis has been performed followed by the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). The new FMEA-based Gradual Screening Approach has been proposed and applied in order to select the most relevant failure modes. The initial calculation performed for the standard configuration of the system indicated that the reliability may be insufficient for its long-term commercial operation, as planned for about 20 years. Therefore, several modifications of the design have been proposed, aiming at the reliability enhancement. However, the updated results are still below the industrial standards. This opens up a new field of research in reliability engineering and creates a challenge for the HTGR-based cogeneration plants consisting of the joint nuclear-chemical facilities.
Keywords: HTTR reactor | Electrical Facility | FMEA-based Gradual Screening | Nuc-Chem facility | Reliability
مقاله انگلیسی
7 An ecological critique of accounting: The circular economy and COVID-19
نقد زیست محیطی حسابداری: اقتصاد دایره ای و Covid-19-2021
Given the increasing participation of accounting technologies in purported solutions to deal with the ecological crisis, we address two areas where a growing accounting literature is emerging, the circular economy and the COVID-19 pandemic, testing some ideas to inform an ecological critique of accounting that could help us ward off the ‘‘dreams of escaping” (Latour, 2018). We suggest that the conceptual separation between nature and society renders accounting for the circular economy and the COVID-19 pandemic problematic. A critical account of the circular economy might problematize things like the whole economic system’s physical scale, spatial and temporal system boundaries, consumer culture, and the inherent politics of the circular economy. We also suggest that a critical account of the COVID-19 pandemic needs to take on board the participation of accounting representations in the construction of particular narratives about the virus. In particular, calculations of the costs caused by COVID-19 need to be connected to the ecological value of viruses to illustrate how the social and the biological worlds are inextricably connected. In both cases, we suggest critical accounting researchers need to be actively involved in discussions about how valuation constructs narratives about resource or waste, with significant implications on how we conceive the relationship between humanity and the environment.
keywords: حسابداری | انسان شناسی | اقتصاد دایره ای | کووید -19 | بحران زیست محیطی | Accounting | Anthropocene | Circular economy | COVID-19 | Environmental crisis
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Human identification driven by deep CNN and transfer learning based on multiview feature representations of ECG
Human identification driven by deep CNN and transfer learning based on multiview feature representations of ECG-2021
Increasingly smart techniques for counterfeiting face and fingerprint traits have increased the potential threats to information security systems, creating a substantial demand for improved security and better privacy and identity protection. The internet of Things (IoT)-driven fingertip electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition provides broad application prospects for ECG-based identity systems. This study focused on three major impediments to fingertip ECG: the impact of variations in acquisition status, the high computational complexity of traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) models and the feasibility of model migration, and a lack of sufficient fingertip samples. Our main contribution is a novel fingertip ECG identification system that integrates transfer learning and a deep CNN. The proposed system does not require manual feature extraction or suffer from complex model calculations, which improves its speed, and it is effective even when only a small set of training data exists. Using 1200 ECG recordings from 600 individuals, we consider 5 simulated yet potentially practical scenarios. When analyzing the overall training accuracy of the model, its mean accuracy for the 540 chest- collected ECG from PhysioNet exceeded 97.60 %, and for 60 subjects from the CYBHi fingertip-collected ECG, its mean accuracy reached 98.77 %. When simulating a real-world human recognition system on 5 public datasets, the validation accuracy of the proposed model can nearly reach 100 % recognition, outperforming the original GoogLeNet network by a maximum of 3.33 %. To some degree, the developed architecture provides a reference for practical applications of fingertip-collected ECG-based biometric systems and for information network security.
Keywords: Off-the-person | Fingertip ECG biometric | Human identification | Convolutional neural network (CNN) | Transfer learning
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Accounts of NGO performance as calculative spaces: Wild Animals, wildlife restoration and strategic agency
حساب های عملکرد سازمان های غیر دولتی به عنوان فضاهای محاسباتی: حیوانات وحشی، ترمیم حیات وحش و آژانس استراتژیک-2021
Whereas corporations typically share a common primary objective of generating profits for their owners, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) principally pursue a panoply of various social and/or ecological objectives. Accordingly, an NGO’s performance in pursuit of its objectives can rarely be accounted for in straightforwardly comparable quantitative terms. How then can an NGO instead construct qualitative accounts of its performance that show how it makes a differ- ence in pursuit of its objectives? This paper examines qualitative accounts of performance against an objective to restore wildlife, which are included in the annual reports of a large conservation NGO. These accounts are conceptualised as being calculative spaces, configured by framing work being done within these accounts. Analysis of this framing work finds that these accounts identify a performance object (i.e. specific wild animal populations), establish relations that seemingly affect this performance object (i.e. threats to wild animal populations and actions to conserve these populations), and attribute the NGO with agency to make a difference to this performance object (i.e. as a strategic actor directing and co-ordinating wildlife restoration). Thus, this paper demonstrates that seeing quantitative and qualitative accounts of organisational performance in the same conceptual terms creates conditions of possibility for developing a fuller understanding of an organisation’s calculations of its own capacity to act upon society.
keywords: سازمان غیر دولتی | مسئوليت | کادر بندی | محاسبات | گفتمان | حفاظت | NGO | Accountability | Framing | Calculation | Discourse | Conservation
مقاله انگلیسی
10 The myth of workforce reduction efficiency: The performativity of accounting language
اسطوره کاهش بهره وری نیروی کار: عملکرد زبان حسابداری-2021
This paper draws on Austin’s conceptualization of performativity to show how the accounting strategies implemented before a workforce reduction can contribute to performing the myth of workforce reduction efficiency. To address this issue, we use both quantitative and qualitative methods. First, through quantitative analyses on a sample of 117 workforce reductions announced by 101 French listed firms from 2007 to 2012, we shed light how, by not taking accounting strategies into account in their models, prior mainstream studies may have conveyed false knowledge about improved performances after the operation and performed the workforce reduction efficiency supported by economic theories. Second, through a case study, we provide an in-depth illustration of the performativity effect of these accounting strategies and more precisely of downward earnings management, which can be considered a calculation act that contributes to performing the myth of the efficiency of these operations. Overall, this paper contributes to the workforce reduction literature by providing a critical illustration of how accounting numbers construct efficiency through the performative role given to earnings management. It also con- tributes to the critical accounting project by notably participating in the debate on the use of quantitative and mixed research methodologies in the critical accounting project.
keywords: کاهش نیروی کار | حسابداری انتقادی | مدیریت درآمد | افتخار | زبان حسابداری | Workforce reductions | Critical accounting | Earnings management | Performativity | Accounting language
مقاله انگلیسی
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