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Carbon reduction decisions under progressive carbon tax regulations: A new dual-channel supply chain network equilibrium model
تصمیمات مربوط به کاهش کربن تحت مقررات مالیاتی پیش رونده کربن: مدل تعادل شبکه زنجیره تامین جدید دو کاناله-2021 Since the production process in manufacturing industry is one of the main sources of carbon emissions,
most governments have enacted relevant carbon policies to encourage manufacturers to invest in green
production technology and reduce carbon emissions. However, the effectiveness of the carbon policy deserves further investigation because the manufacturers focus more on economic profits in actual operations. For this purpose, this paper proposes a dual-channel supply chain network (DCSCN) equilibrium
model based on variational inequality theory to examine progressive carbon tax mechanism design of the
government and its impacts on the production/pricing and abatement level decisions of the manufacturers in the DCSCN. In addition, this paper also examines the influences of the online channel introduction
on supply chain network equilibrium decisions, carbon emissions and profits. We employ the modified
projection and contraction algorithm to obtain the numerical solutions for several examples, and analyze
the impacts of the key parameters on the equilibrium decisions and derive several managerial insights.
The results show that if the government sets the high-level carbon tax and the cut-off value in progressive carbon tax policy appropriately, it can induce the manufacturers to improve abatement level
actively; meanwhile the profit maximization goal of the manufacturer and the whole DCSCN can be consistent with the government’s low-carbon emission target. Moreover, the introduction of online channel
may depress the economic activities and lead to profit loss for the supply chain network but contributes
to reducing the carbon emissions under progressive carbon tax policy. The conclusions may be useful for
reference in the study of the low-carbon supply chain and the design of carbon emission reduction policy
for government. Keywords: Dual-channel supply chain network | Progressive carbon tax | Product abatement level | Variational inequality theory |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Production and transportation outsourcing decisions in the supply chain under single and multiple carbon policies
تصمیمات برون سپاری تولید و حمل و نقل در زنجیره تامین تحت سیاست های تک و چندگانه کربن-2017 Cap-and-trade and carbon tax are the two main policies to reduce carbon emissions. Different from the
previous literature and practice, this paper examines the production and transportation outsourcing
problems of a two-echelon supply chain under the cap-and-trade policy and joint cap-and-trade and
carbon tax policy. Enterprise operations are divided into the order stage and transportation outsourcing
decision stage. In the order stage, the retailer sets his order schedule for the manufacturing plant for
fulfillment, and in the transportation outsourcing decision stage, the manufacturer decides the optimal
freight volume based on energy consumption. Furthermore, we construct a basic model without a carbon
policy and two extended models with carbon policies and the optimal solutions of the models are solved.
Numerical examples are provided, and the three models are compared. The results indicate that the
extended model with carbon policies is more beneficial for emissions reduction, and the effect of
emissions reduction gradually becomes smooth as the carbon price increases; the joint cap-and-trade
and carbon tax policy is more effective for emissions reduction, especially when the carbon price is
lower. These findings will be helpful to policy makers and managers.
Keywords:Inventory management | Production control | Transportation outsourcing | Carbon emissions | Carbon policy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Emission policies and their analysis for the design of hybrid and dedicated closed-loop supply chains
سیاست های انتشار و تجزیه و تحلیل آنها برای طراحی زنجیره های عرضه هیبرید و اختصاص داده شده بسته حلقه-2017 Government legislation and consumer awareness on carbon emissions have required industries to seek
alternative ways to reorganize their supply chains. Therefore, industries have to consider not only the
activities in the forward supply chain but also in the reverse supply chain. An integrated supply chain,
that combines the activities of both the forward and reverse supply chains, is referred to as the closed
loop supply chain (CLSC). There are two main types of CLSC structures: hybrid and dedicated. In this
research, we analyze the effect of carbon emissions consideration on the design of both hybrid and
dedicated CLSCs. In particular, we develop a set of integrated mixed integer linear programming (MILP)
models to quantify and compare both of the environmental and economic impacts of carbon emissions
policies (carbon cap, carbon tax, and carbon cap-and-trade), and market factors (scale effect, product
return rate, and the customer demand) on the design of CLSCs with respect to both CLSC structures. Our
analysis shows that when market conditions are considered, total cost and total emissions are more
sensitive to customer demand than to the scale effect and the product return rate. When an industry
faces fluctuation on the quantity of the returned products, adopting a dedicated CLSC would lead to a
lower total cost. Under cap-and-trade policy, dedicated CLSC can produce less total emissions. We also
observe that dedicated CLSC is more cost efficient under carbon cap policy and hybrid CLSC is more
emissions efficient when the carbon tax is introduced.
Keywords:Closed-loop supply chain |Supply chain design |Carbon emission |Carbon policy |
مقاله انگلیسی |