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1 |
Electrically conductive biocompatible composite aerogel based on nanofibrillated template of bacterial cellulose/polyaniline/nano-clay
ایروژل کامپوزیتی زیست سازگار رسانای الکتریکی بر اساس الگوی نانوفیبریل شده از سلولز باکتریایی/پلی آنیلین/نانو خاک رس-2021 Bacterial cellulose (BC) aerogel owing to its porous and 3D structure, poses a suitable matrix for embedding
nanomaterials and polymers. Herein, BC composites comprising nano-clay/polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized
via a two-step procedure. Clay nanoplatelets were dispersed in the BC membrane to form a nanofibrillated template for aniline in-situ polymerization leading to formation of a double interconnected network of electrically
conductive path within the aerogel. Deposition of PANI particles on BC/clay nanocomposite was confirmed by
FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and EDX techniques. The surface electrical conductivity of 0.49 S/cm was obtained for the composite aerogel comprising 5 wt% nano-clay which is 16 folds higher than that of the sample without nano-clay.
Thermal stability and storage modulus of the aerogels was improved by inclusion of PANI and nano-clay. Synergistic effect of clay and polyaniline on biocompatibility and cell adhesion was obtained with no mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. The developed electrically conductive composite aerogels can be utilized as suitable scaffolds
for tissue engineering applications demanding a good balance of flexibility, dimensional and thermal stability
and biocompatibility.
Keywords: Bacterial cellulose | Nanocomposite aerogels | Polyaniline | Nano-clay | Biocompatibility |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Oral Cancer
سرطان دهان-2020 Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a distinct subtype of head and neck squamous
cell carcinoma, is typically human papillomavirus-negative and harbors TP53 loss-offunction
mutations.
OSCC is thought to begin with cancer initiating cells that are able to self-renew and
generate heterogeneous clones of neoplastic cells to comprise the tumor (ie, tumor
heterogeneity).
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process, which involves an accumulation of both genetic
and epigenetic alterations in oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes.
Metastasis is one of the major prognostic indicators in OSCC. Both epithelial-tomesenchymal
transition and interactions between OSCC cells and the tumor microenvironment
play significant roles in this complex process.
The integration of omics technologies, bioinformatics, and molecular biology uncovers
complex, clinically meaningful information that greatly improves our understanding of
the disease process. KEYWORDS : Oral cancer | Oral squamous cell carcinoma | Malignant transformation | Epigenetics | Omics technology | Big data | Personalized medicine | Precision medicine |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
In silico scaling and prioritization of chemical disposition and chemical toxicity of 15,145 organic chemicals
مقیاس بندی سیلیکون و اولویت بندی ماده شیمیایی و سمیت شیمیایی 15145 ماده شیمیایی آلی-2019 This report describes the development and beta-test of methods that prioritize and scale in silico predictions of
chemical disposition {(CD) intestinal absorption, membrane permeability, distribution, sequestration, toxicokinetics}
and chemical toxicity {(CT) genetic, carcinogenicity, developmental, teratology}. It reports > 4.5
million data records for 15,145 organic chemicals that are ingredients in 32 different purpose groups of foods,
drugs, and cosmetics, and 3682 colorants assigned to 36 chemical classes. Prioritization and scaling were facilitated
by using: reference databases with known activities; data pre-processing; and prioritization P-metrics
and P-indices to accentuate prediction strength of evidence and discriminate negative, indeterminate, and positive
predictions. CD is computed based upon molecular descriptor properties of 1860 reference pharmaceuticals.
CT is based upon predicted toxicities of 11,810 reference bioavailable test chemicals predicted with 3
software programs, 130 QSAR or expert system models. Results reveal major differences in toxicological activities:
flavors and fragrances had very low predicted CD/CT activities, conversely, many colorants had high
predicted genetic and carcinogenic activities. Contrasting CD/CT activities of flavors and hair dyes are presented.
Furthermore, colorant chemical classes had different toxicological profiles, and a few classes having safer
profiles were identified. Prediction data are also evaluated for DNA-reactivity as specified in ICH M7, persistent
organic chemicals, and an alternative testing scheme is suggested to incorporate this methodology. Keywords: Bioavailability | Chemical disposition | Chemical toxicity | Hazard identification | In silico | Mutagen | QSAR |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Pixel-level aflatoxin detecting based on deep learning and hyperspectral imaging
تشخیص آفلاتوکسین در سطح پیکسل مبتنی بر یادگیری عمیق و تصویربرداری hyperspectral-2019 Aflatoxin is a kind of virulent and strong carcinogenic substance, and it is found widely in peanut, Maize and
their agricultural products. In order to detect Aflatoxin in peanut, we first built a hyperspectral imaging system
using a grating module, SCOMS camera, and electric displacement platform, and acquired 146 hyperspectral
images cubes of 73 peanut samples before and after contaminated with aflatoxin. Then, we proposed a reshaped
image method of pixel spectral for the CNN method. By studying on random selection data-sets and comparing
with different identification models, we found that: (1) Reshape image established by the pixel level spectral is
good enough for aflatoxin detected problems, overall recognition rate reached above 95% on pixel-level. (2) The
deep learning method is worked well and it is better than traditional identification models, not only on the pixel
level but also on the kernel identification. The recognition rate of above 90% on the kernel level can quickly use
in sorting machines design. Keywords: Aflatoxin | Deep learning | CNN | Reshape image of pixel spectral | Hyperspectral images |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
In silico prediction of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines metabolism susceptible to form DNA adducts in humans
پیش بینی سیلیکون متابولیسم آمینهای هتروسیکلیک آروماتیک مستعد ابتلا به ترکیبات DNA در انسان-2019 Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines (HAAs) are environmental and food contaminants that are classified as probable
or possible carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Thirty different HAAs have been
identified. However the metabolism of only three of them have been fully characterized in human hepatocytes:
AαC (2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole), MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline) and PhIP (2-
amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine). In this study, we use an integrative approach to accurately
predict the biotransformation of 30 HAAs into DNA reactive and non DNA reactive compounds. We first build
predicted metabolites networks by iterating a knowledge-based expert system of prediction of metabolic reactions
based on fingerprint similarities. Next, we combine several methods for predicting Sites Of Metabolism
(SOM) in order to reduce the metabolite reaction graphs and to predict the metabolites reactive with DNA. We
validate the method by comparing the experimental versus predicted data for the known AαC, MeIQx and PhIP
metabolism. 28 of the 30 experimentally determined metabolites are well predicted and 9 of the 10 metabolites
known to form DNA adducts are predicted with a high probability to be reactive with DNA. Applying our
approach to the 27 unknown HAAs, we generate maps for the metabolic biotransformation of each HAA, including
new metabolites with a high-predicted DNA reactivity, which can be further explored through an userfriendly
and interactive web interface. Keywords: In silico | Xenobiotics | Metabolism | DNA adducts |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Toll-like receptor 3 downregulation is an escape mechanism from apoptosis during hepatocarcinogenesis
Toll-like receptor 3 downregulation is an escape mechanism from apoptosis during hepatocarcinogenesis-2019 Background & Aims: Low levels of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in
patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are associated
with poor prognosis, primarily owing to the loss of inflammatory
signaling and subsequent lack of immune cell recruitment
to the liver. Herein, we explore the role of TLR3-triggered apoptosis
in HCC cells.
Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blotting,
immunohistochemistry and comparative genomic
hybridization were used to analyze human and mouse HCC cell
lines, as well as surgically resected primary human HCCs, and to
study the impact of TLR3 expression on patient outcomes. Functional
analyses were performed in HCC cells, following the
restoration of TLR3 by lentiviral transduction. The role of
TLR3-triggered apoptosis in HCC was analyzed in vivo in a transgenic
mouse model of HCC.
Results: Lower expression of TLR3 in tumor compared to nontumor
matched tissue was observed at both mRNA and protein
levels in primary HCC, and was predictive of shorter recurrencefree
survival after surgical resection in both univariate (hazard
ratio [HR] 1.79; 95% CI 1.04–3.06; p = 0.03) and multivariate
analyses (HR 1.73; CI 1.01–2.97; p = 0.04). Immunohistochemistry
confirmed frequent downregulation of TLR3 in human
and mouse primary HCC cells. None of the 6 human HCC cell
lines analyzed expressed TLR3, and ectopic expression of TLR3
following lentiviral transduction not only restored the inflammatory
response but also sensitized cells to TLR3-triggered
apoptosis. Lastly, in the transgenic mouse model of HCC,
absence of TLR3 expression was accompanied by a lower rate
of preneoplastic hepatocyte apoptosis and accelerated hepatocarcinogenesis
without altering the tumor immune infiltrate.
Conclusion: Downregulation of TLR3 protects transforming
hepatocytes from direct TLR3-triggered apoptosis, thereby contributing
to hepatocarcinogenesis and poor patient outcome.
Lay summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous
disease associated with a poor prognosis. In patients with
HCC, TLR3 downregulation is associated with reduced survival.
Herein, we show that the absence of TLR3 is associated with a
lower rate of apoptosis, and subsequently more rapid hepatocarcinogenesis,
without any change to the immune infiltrate
in the liver. Therefore, the poor prognosis associated with low
TLR3 expression in HCC is likely linked to tumors ability to
escape apoptosis. TLR3 may become a promising therapeutic
target in TLR3-positive HCC. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Environmental sustainability of agri-food supply chains: An LCA comparison between two alternative forms of production and distribution of endive in northern Italy
پایداری زیست محیطی زنجیره تامین مواد غذایی: یک مقایسه LCA بین دو فرم جایگزین تولید و توزیع نهایی در شمال ایتالیا-2017 Alternative cultivation practices such as organic and integrated farming are generally proposed as a mean
to reduce environmental impacts associated with food production and consumption. For the same
reason, various schemes of direct sale or distribution of local agricultural products have been increasingly
developed as an alternative to large-scale distribution of nationally or globally sourced products. How
ever, for a variety of vegetable crops such as salads and leaves, there is few scientific evidence about the
relative environmental performance of alternative farming techniques. Similarly, alternative distribution
systems have mainly been investigated only in terms of their energy and climate change performance,
and mostly within the debate on domestic/local versus imported/delocalised food supply. In this paper,
life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare the potential environmental impacts of two agricultural
supply chains, with the primary aim of testing the expected benefits of vegetable organic farming and of
alternative forms of distribution promoting packaging reduction and a shortened supply chain. Organic
and integrated production of endive (Cichorium endivia) in Lombardia (northern Italy) were firstly
compared, according to a cradle-to-farm gate approach. The comparison was then extended to the whole
supply chain, considering the direct distribution of raw organic endive to local networks of ethical
purchasing groups by means of returnable crates, and the large-scale retailing of conventional endive as a
ready-to-use product after its industrial cutting, washing and packing. Fourteen environmental and
human health impact categories were considered as terms of comparison, along with the cumulative
energy demand. Results revealed that none of the examined farming techniques has a better overall
environmental profile. In fact, when impacts are expressed per hectare of cultivated area, nearly half
impact categories (7/15) are favourable to organic farming, with impact reductions ranging from 13% to
55%. However, organic fertilisation practices are responsible for higher impacts of this cultivation form in
terms of acidification (þ16%), terrestrial eutrophication (þ32%) and non-carcinogenic human toxicity
(þ127%). Per kg of harvested product, impact categories favourable to organic farming are reduced to
five, while six are favourable to integrated farming (which achieves higher yields). Organic farming
techniques thus need to be further improved in terms of fertilisation practices and achievable yields in
order to achieve a more sustainable production system. Considering the whole supply chain, the direct
distribution of the raw organic product loose at the local level is preferable for all impact categories
except one, where the impact of the farming stage is dominant and against organic production. This
exception however disappears if farming is excluded from the comparison (i.e. only distribution and
consumption are considered). Observed reductions in overall supply chain impacts range mostly be
tween 20% and 48% and are mainly enabled by the absence of disposable packaging items and industrial
processing.
Keywords: Life cycle assessment (LCA) | Organic farming | Integrated production | Short supply chain |Packaging reduction |Local food |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
چرا کودکان تشعشعات مایکروویو بیشتری را نسبت به بزرگسالان جذب می کنند: پیامدها
سال انتشار: 2014 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 8 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 25 شبیه سازی رایانه ای با استفاده از اسکن های MRI کودکان، تنها راه ممکن تعیین تشعشعات مایکرویو (MWR) جذب شده در بافت های خاص در کودکان است. کودکان نسبت به بزرگسالان MWR بیشتری را جذب می کنند چرا که بافت های مغز آنها جاذب قویتری هستند، جمجمه های آنها نازک تر بوده و اندازه نسبی آن کوچکتر است. MWR حاصل از دستگاه های بی سیم، به عنوان یک ماده سرطانزای محتمل در انسان بیان شده است. کودکان، زمانی که در معرض هر ماده سرطانزایی قرار می گیرند، نسبت به بزرگسالان در خطر بیشتری هستند. زیرا میانگین زمان نهفتگی بین اولین قرارگیری در معرض ماده سرطانزا و تشخیص یک تومور ممکن است دهها سال باشد. تومورهای بوجود آمده در کودکان، ممکن است تا زمانی که کودکان پا به دوره بلوغ نگذاشته، بطور کامل تشخیص داده نشوند. جنین به ویژه در مقابل MWR آسیب پذیر است. قرارگیری در معرض MWR می تواند سبب از بین رفتن غشای چربی حفاظتی شود که دور رشته های مغزی را احاطه کرده است. اسباب بازی های ساطع کننده MWR برای استفاده اطفال و کودکان نوپا فروخته می شوند. گزارش هایی ارائه شده که حاکی از جنون دیجیتال در کودکان مدرسه ای بوده است. یک مطالعه موردی ثابت کرده است زمانی که دختران نوجوان گوشی های همراه را در سینه بند خود می گذارند، سرطان های اصلی سینه در زیر محلی که گوشی قرار داده شده، پیشرفت می کند. محدودیت های قرارگیری در معرض MWR برای مدت 19 سال ثابت مانده است. کلیه سازندگان گوشی های هوشمند اخطاراتی داده اند که در آن حداقل فاصله ای که گوشی باید از کاربران آنها داشته باشد تا از حدود قانونی موجود برای قرارگیری در معرض MWR فراتر نرود، بیان شده است. محدودیت قرارگیری برای رایانه های لپ تاپ و تبلت ها زمانی که دستگاه ها 20 سانتیمتر دور از بدن آزمایش شدند، تعیین گردیده است. بلژیک، فرانسه، هند و سایر دولت های دارای فناوری قوی، این قوانین را تصویب و یا اخطاراتی را درمورد استفاده کودکان از دستگاه های بی سیم صادر کرده اند.
کلیدواژه ها: تومورها | چربی | ماده سرطانزا | جنین | کودکان | نهفتگی |
مقاله ترجمه شده |