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نتیجه جستجو - Central Europe

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 10
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Informed conservation management of rare tree species needs knowledge of species composition, their genetic characteristics and ecological niche
مدیریت حفاظت از حفاظت از گونه های نادر درختی، نیاز به دانش ترکیب گونه ها، ویژگی های ژنتیکی آنها و طاقچه های زیست محیطی -2021
Woodland nature reserves must be scientifically assessed so that subsequent management leads to optimal conservation of biodiversity. This entails knowledge of the species composition, the genetics of the local pop- ulations and their ecology. Here we assess Tilia species in the Bavarian Forest National Park (BFNP), a large mixed coniferous and deciduous forest in South-Eastern Germany. Tilia occurs here at low density, as in many other mixed forests in Central and Northern Europe. Therefore, results are not only relevant to BFNP but also to other areas. Exhaustive sampling resulted in the collection of 113 mature trees that were genotyped using 20 microsatellite markers, derived from both T. cordata and T. platyphyllos. For the first time, size and aspect of trees, and their community association were contrasted between the species. Genotyping confirmed that T. platyphyllos, T. cordata and their hybrid (T. x europaea) were present in the BFNP and both species deserve conservation. T. platyphyllos has a higher genetic diversity for both sets of markers than T. cordata, confirming earlier work. Both species showed genetic diversity comparable to other populations in Central Europe, which is likely to be sufficient for the maintenance of the species in the short term. However, increasing the number of trees, ensuring local sources are used, and gene flow from surrounding forests over the next decennia may be crucial for long- term survival. Further, within the T. platyphyllos group there was a set of 11 trees that were distinct from the others: they had a lower genetic diversity and were shorter. We hypothesise that these were planted and should not be used for propagation and augmentation. Most saplings analysed appeared to derive from asexual propagation (36 out of 41), although a few (five out of 41) were novel genotypes. This means that, currently, there is some, but rather limited, regeneration. T. cordata was found at a lower altitude and less steep terrain than T. platyphyllos and the hybrid. The hybrid was taller than the two species, while the diameter at breast height was smallest in T. cordata. T. cordata shows a preference for mixed and coniferous forests, while T. platyphyllos occurs mostly in deciduous forests. Our results indicate that biodiversity at the species and genetic level as well as species’ ecology have to be considered in order to guide informed conservation management. These results form the basis to recommend conservation management improving the long-term viability of Tilia in the BFNP and other mixed forests.
keywords: جنگلداری | تیلیا | تنوع ژنتیکی | ترجیح زیستگاه | مناطق حفاظت شده | هیبریداسیون | جنگلکاری | Forestry | Tilia | Genetic diversity | Habitat preference | Protected areas | Hybridisation | Silviculture
مقاله انگلیسی
2 A multi-stakeholder participatory study identifies the priorities for the sustainability of the small ruminants farming sector in Europe
یک مطالعه مشارکتی چند ذینفع اولویت های پایداری بخش کشاورزی کوچک نشخوارکنندگان در اروپا را مشخص می کند-2020
The European small ruminants (i.e. sheep and goats) farming sector (ESRS) provides economic, social and environmental benefits to society, but is also one of the most vulnerable livestock sectors in Europe. This sector has diverse livestock species, breeds, production systems and products, which makes difficult to have a clear vision of its challenges through using conventional analyses. A multi-stakeholder and multi-step approach, including 90 surveys, was used to identify and assess the main challenges for the sustainability of the ESRS to prioritize actions. These challenges and actions were identified by ESRS experts including farmers, cooperatives, breeding associations, advisers and researchers of six EU countries and Turkey. From the 30 identified challenges, the most relevant were economy-related challenges such as ‘uncertainty of meat and milk prices’, ‘volatility of commodity prices’, ‘low farm income’, ‘high subsidy dependency’ and ‘uncertainty in future changes in subsidies’ resulting in ‘a sector not attractive to young farmers’. Most of these challenges were beyond the farmer’s control and perceived as difficult to address. Challenges were prioritized using an index, calculated by multiplying the relevance and the feasibility to address measures. The identified challenges had a similar priority index across the whole sector with small differences across livestock species (sheep vs goats), type of products (meat vs dairy) and intensification levels (intensive vs semi-intensive vs extensive). The priorities were different, however, between socio-geographical regions (Southern vs Central Europe). Some of the top prioritized challenges were linked to aspects related to the production systems (‘low promotion of local breeds’ and ‘slow adaptability of high producing breeds’) and market practices (‘unfair trade/lack of traceability’). The majority of the priority challenges, however, were associated with a deficient knowledge or training at farm level (‘poor business management training’, ‘lack of professionalization’, ‘slow adoption of innovations’), academia (‘researchers do not address real problems’) and society as a whole (‘low consumer education in local products’, ‘low social knowledge about farming’, ‘poor recognition of farming public services’). Thus, improved collaboration among the different stakeholders across the food chain with special implication of farmers, associations of producers, academia and governments is needed to facilitate knowledge exchange and capacity building. These actions can contribute to make ESRS economically more sustainable and to adapt the production systems and policy to the current and future societal needs in a more region-contextualized framework.
Keywords: Dairy | Goat production | Meat | Sheep production | Sustainability
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Validation of novel food safety climate components and assessment of their indicators in Central and Eastern European food industry
اعتبار سنجی اجزای جدید آب و هوای ایمنی مواد غذایی و ارزیابی شاخص های آنها در صنایع غذایی اروپای مرکزی و شرقی-2020
Important insight into the Central and Eastern European food industry, beyond traditional food safety (FS) management and reflects on its food safety climate or the human route of its food safety culture is provided. Novel FS climate self-assessment tool was developed and validated by 65 FS experts from governmental agen- cies, third party certification bodies, food sector associations, universities and food industry. Three original FS climate components: FS knowledge, business priorities and FS legislation, were introduced and their nine components were assessed in nine Central and Eastern European countries involving 470 food companies. FS knowledge was better assessed in big and medium sized than in small companies. Knowledge component was equally assessed as good, irrespective of the FS risk profile of the food company surveyed while certified FS management system was charted by higher FS knowledge scores within a same food company. Business priorities in Central and Eastern European food organizations were related to hygiene and food safety and were always put before profit regardless of the company size. Hygiene and food safety were seen equality as a critical business success factor irrespective of the associated level of riskiness. FS climate legislation component in all food organizations surveyed was assessed affirmatively. Central and Eastern European food companies seemed to avoid problems in cooperation and trust between food safety leaders and other employees, since they have perceived FS climate highly and similarly. EU operating food companies had comparable overall FS climate to non-EU companies mostly because they have equally perceived their business priorities and appropriateness of associated FS legislation. The only exception was the FS knowledge that was better assessed in EU than non-EU food enterprises.
Keywords: Food safety climate | Food safety culture | Knowledge | Legislation | Business priorities | Eastern Europe | Central Europe
مقاله انگلیسی
4 The snow load in Europe and the climate change
بار برف در اروپا و تغییرات آب و هوایی-2018
It is often assumed that, as a consequence of global warming, a reduction of snow load on the ground should be expected. In reality, snow load is often depending on local orographic situations that can determine an increase of its height, even when the average snow height over the surrounding areas is reduced. Large snow loads on roofs during the winter season of 2005–2006 led to over 200 roof collapses in Central Europe. To proceed with the adaptation of the European standards for important buildings and infrastructures to the implications of climate change, the expected changes in the climatic loading shall be assessed in terms of the Eurocodes concept for characteristic values of variable climatic actions. The paper presents a procedure for derivation of snow load on ground from data on daily temperatures and precipitation. In addition, it allows to derive the characteristic snow loads from climate change projections and thus to evaluate the future trends in variation of snow loading. Analysis of these trends for the Italian territory is performed by comparing the results for several subsequent time periods of thirty years, with those obtained for the reference period 1951–1980. Results presented show a significant increase in the snow loading for the period 1981–2010 in many regions in north and east Italy in comparison with the reference period. It is suggested that a European project on snow load map shall be started, in order to help National Competent Authorities to redraft the national snow load maps for design with the Eurocodes.
keywords: Climate change |Snow load on structures |Adaptation of structural design |Climatic actions |Prediction of snow load |Design working life of structures |European snow load map
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Dark tourism, abjection and blood: A festival context
گردشگری تاریک، خواری و خون: یک زمینه جشنواره ای-2018
Dark tourism and its implications have been gaining significant prominence in both the literature and in practice in the recent past. Understanding the process and outcomes of dark tourism related to tourists and local hosts can play a key role in relations between the two groups of people. This paper, utilizing long-form interview data and content analysis, examines the psychological processes of some global Jewish citizens in relation to tourism activity and local hosts surrounding historic Holocaust sites located in Eastern and Central Europe. These attribution-oriented processes, which include the group attribution error, the perseverance effect and the role of atypical information generate novel insights into social-psychological activity nested in dark tourism. Our research yields significant implications on collective memory and narrative, representation, authenticity and ownership within the context of dark tourism.
keywords: Holocaust tourism |Atrocity tourism |Dark tourism |Group attribution error |Attribution theory
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Urban attraction policies for international academic talent: Munich and Vienna in comparison
سیاست جاذبه شهری برای استعداد علمی بین المللی: مونیخ و وین در مقایسه-2017
This paper compares attraction policies for academic talent of two highly developed Central European metropol itan cities. We develop a heuristic framework in order to analyse political actions that aim at attracting interna tional academic talents. It is shown that the two examined cities differ substantially in this respect despite their similarities in economic structure and framework conditions. While Vienna has set a number of policy actions to attract foreign researchers, Munich faces constraints because of its subordinate position within the federal sys tem. Nevertheless, the superordinate federal state of Bavaria engages in a number of active policies to attract for eign students which also benefit the city of Munich. Despite their popularity in policy circles, attraction policies may result in adverse welfare outcomes for some segments of the urban society.
Keywords: Academic talent | Universities | Urban attraction policies | Labour market | Munich | Vienna
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Multifactor Analysis of Online Reputation of Selected Car Brands
تجزیه و تحلیل چندعاملی از اعتبار آنلاین مارک های انتخاب شده خودرو -2017
The paper discusses the issue of online reputation, more specifically the ways and methods of its measurements in selected entities operating in the automotive sector. A thorough multifactor analysis of reputation in the virtual world of the Internet was conducted on a specific sample of entities/ subjects – selected car brands operating on a central European market. Using a careful statistical testing relationships between factors were examined in order to identify and describe basic facts affecting online reputation of those entities in the hyper competitive market environment of the Internet. The findings identified by the analysis conducted on the selected part of the global market, can be effectively used in any market for the purpose of increasing competitiveness of selected entities from (not only) automotive industry.
Keywords: Reputation | Reputator | Internet | Automotive
مقاله انگلیسی
8 محیط کارآفرینانه در سطح منطقه ای : مسیری روشن به سمت توسعه اقتصادی اجتماعی پایدار لهستان
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 14 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 20
فرآیند جهانی شدن باعث ایجاد شرایط مناسب برای توسعه پویای مراکز اقتصادی هم در سطح ملی و هم در سطح منظقه ای شده است. بنابر این ، این ممکن است مانعی برای رشد کشور های پیرامون و منطقه شود. در اتحادیه اروپا می توان روند همگرایی را در سطح ملی تأیید کرد. با این حال، در کشورهای اروپای مرکزی همگرایی اقتصادهای ملی از رشد پایدار در سطح منطقه ای و روند همگرایی منطقه ای پشتیبانی نمی کند. این وضعیت اغلب منجر به کاهش منابع کمیاب در مناطق پیرامون می شود، که تاثیر منفی بر پتانسیل کارآفرینی و انکشاف اجتماعی و اقتصادی پایدار می گذارد. در بلندمدت، رشد فضایی نامتعادل می تواند مانع بزرگی برای ارتقا رفاه باشد. در این زمینه، هدف مقاله این است که کیفیت محیط کارآفرینی در لهستان را در سطح منطقه ای و در چارچوب پایداری تحلیل کنیم. این تحقیق برای مناطق NUTS 2 در سالهای 2010-2014 صورت گرفت. کیفیت محیط کارآفرینانه در اینجا به عنوان یک پدیده چند معیاره مطرح است که باید به عنوان یک متغیر نامناسب مورد توجه قرار گیرد. بنابراين، در تحقيق، تحليل مدل معادلات ساختاري (SEM) مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. مقادیر متغیر پنهان بر مبنای تحلیل عامل ، که اطلاعاتی در مورد توسعه اجتماعی و اقتصادی مناطق لهستانی ارائه می دهد، تعیین کننده شرایط کارآفرینی است. به منظور دسته بندی مناطق برای یکپارچگی و همگن سازی، از روش های قطعه بندی طبیعی استفاده شده است. تحقیق انجام شده، روند بهبود شرایط کارآفرینی در اکثر مناطق NUTS 2 در لهستان را تایید می کند. از منظر فرآیند همگرایی منطقه ای، می توان برخی عوامل مثبت مانند پیشرفت قابل توجه در برخی از مناطق توسعه نیافته را مورد اشاره قرار داد. با این حال، تسلط منطقه مرکزی و تفاوت های قابل توجه بین NUTS 2 هنوز هم نسبتا پایدار و گسترده است. از دیدگاه روش شناسی، مقاله کاربرد پذیری روش SEM را در سطح ملی و منطقه ای با استفاده از داده های آماری ملی نشان می دهد.
کلمات کلیدی: محیط کارآفرینی | کارآفرینی در سطح منطقه ای | تجزیه و تحلیل چند معیاره | مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) | پایداری منطقه ای | لهستان
مقاله ترجمه شده
9 شکل‌گیری صلاحیت حرفه‌ای مدیران مدارس در کشورهای اروپای مرکزی
سال انتشار: 2017 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 9
این مقاله به بررسی مسأله‌ی شکل‌گیری صلاحیت حرفه‌ای مدیران مدارس در بستر فرایندهای آموزشی یکپارچه‌ی اروپا می‌پردازد. ویژگی‌های صلاحیت مدیران مدارس و نیز جهتگیری‌های زمانبندی حرفه‌ای آنها در حوزه‌های انگیزشی، شناختی و فراشناختی به لحاظ نظری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تحلیل انجام‌گرفته بر روی برنامه‌ی آموزشی در مؤسسات آموزش عالی کشورهای اروپای مرکزی، استفاده‌ی آنها از رویکردی پیچیده در شکل‌گیری صلاحیت حرفه‌ای مدیران مدارس را اثبات نموده است. نویسنده، ویژگی‌های زمانبندی حرفه‌ای مدیران مدارس را در این برهه‌ها کشف نمود: در دوره‌ی کارشناسی ارشد دوره‌های تخصصی معتبر در مدیریت مدارس در مرکز آموزش مادام‌العمر در اداره‌ی آموزش دانشگاه پالاکی در اولوموتس جمهوری چک؛ در دوره‌ی کارشناسی تخصصی آموزشی (مدیریت مدرسه) در دانشگاه چارلز پراگ جمهوری چک؛ در چارچوب پروژه‌ی راه‌اندازی‌شده توسط صندوق احتماعی اروپا (EFS) تحت عنوان ارتقای صلاحیت مدیران مدارس در مؤسسه‌ی آموزش و مدارس منطقه‌ی هرادک کرالوف – مدل آموزش حرفه‌ای، جمهوری چک. این نتیجه حاصل شد که مؤسسات آموزش عالی در کشورهای اروپای مرکزی بر ارتقای صلاحیت مدیریتی و آموزشی تمرکز دارند. چنین تأکید شده که پیچیدگی بستر آموزشی و مدرن‌سازی رشته‌ها، امکان شکل‌گیری تفکر و اقدامات مدیران مدارس به عنوان افراد شایسته با آموزش فراگیر که توانایی مواجهه‌ی موفق با وظایف حرفه‌لی با استفاده از پتانسیل آموزشی و فکری خود را دارند، فراهم نموده است.
کلیدواژه ها: زمانبندی حرفه‌ای | مدیر | مدیریت آموزشی | حوزه‌ی آموزش عالی اروپا
مقاله ترجمه شده
10 The Spiritual Dimension of Business Ethics and Sustainability Management
بعد معنوی اخلاق تجاری و مدیریت توسعه پایدار-2015
This volume introduces the dimension of spirituality into business ethics and sustainability management. It presents selected papers from the international “Spirituality and Sustainability: A New Path for Entrepreneurship” conference held in September 21–23, 2012 in Visegrad, Hungary. The conference was organized by the Business Ethics Center of Corvinus University of Budapest in cooperation with the European SPES Forum and ERENET—the Entrepreneurship Research and Education Network of Central European Universities. The volume presents and summarizes new perspectives and findings about sustainability-related spirituality from a social and economic perspective. It reports on innovative practices and policy reform and discusses spiritual-based leadership for sustainability management. The main function of the volume is to present ideas and initiatives that can lead toward responsible business practices and promote policies for ecological sustainability. It seeks a value community of readers: scholars, practitioners and policymakers who are engaged with genuine ethics in business, environmental management and public policy. The volume is a product of 19 scholars and practitioners from Europe, North America and Asia. The contributors represent a diversity of fields, including business ethics, management, finance, leadership, religious studies, literature, and sociology. It is the hope of the editor that the papers presented in this volume will be good food for thought and inspiration to action for those who are engaged in the neverending “business” of preserving and restoring nature.
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