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The impact of chemical trace evidence on justice outcomes: Exploring the additive value of forensic science disciplines
تأثیر شواهد ردیابی شیمیایی بر نتایج عدالت: بررسی ارزش افزوده رشته های علوم پزشکی قانونی-2020 The focus of this research was to examine the contribution chemical trace evidence makes to criminal
justice outcomes. The aim of this work was to place the discipline of chemical trace evidence under the
spotlight as there is a dearth of robust research on the impact of this discipline. In this study, data relating
to the forensic examinations in a sample of 238 cases which included chemical trace evidence, was
collated with data from police investigations and court processes. The
findings show that chemical trace evidence is frequently used in combination with other forensic disciplines to support the progress of
high-level criminal cases through the justice system. Due to characteristics of how the criminal cases in
the dataset were investigated and prosecuted, in combination with the methodology applied in this
study, the impact of forensic evidence on the decision to charge suspects could not be analysed
quantitatively. However, the impact of forensic evidence on court outcomes in the sample of cases was
analysed using methodology that considered the results of the examinations, and the ability of the
evidence to provide support for the inclusion or exclusion of persons of interest. The possibility of
chemical trace evidence having impact when applied in combination with other forensic disciplines was
also examined. It was found that biological examination results was a significant standalone predictor of
court outcomes. In contrast, chemical trace examinations did not predict court outcomes when
considered as a standalone predictor but examination results of chemical trace evidence in combination
with ballistics/tool marks was significantly associated with court outcomes. The
findings of this research indicate that, to assess the full impact of any discipline of forensic evidence on the criminal justice
system, the analysis must take into account the potential for important synergies that may exist with
other forensic and non-forensic evidence. Keywords: Chemical trace evidence | Criminal justice system | Criminal justice outcomes | Quantitative analysis | Biology | Ballistics |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
To trace or not to trace: A survey of how police use and perceive chemical trace evidence
پیگیری یا عدم پیگیری : بررسی نحوه استفاده و درک پلیس از پیگیری شواهد شیمیایی-2020 There is limited information available about the impact of chemical trace evidence and it has tended to be
anecdotal and mostly pertaining to court outcomes. Very little is known about the use of chemical trace
evidence by police investigators or the impact that this evidence form has on criminal investigations. This
survey, which was conducted in Victoria, Australia, was aimed at addressing these inadequacies by
capturing information from police investigators about: (i) the purpose of using chemical trace and other
forensic services; (ii) the expectation of what value forensic services would provide; (iii) the actual
impact of forensic evidence in specified cases; and (iv) the general perceptions of forensic science. Police
officers who were the lead investigators in a sample of criminal investigations were selected as the
subjects for this survey. Each of the sample cases included chemical trace evidence and many of the cases
also included other forms of forensic evidence. The police investigators indicated that they use chemical
trace evidence with the expectation that it will assist decision-making in their investigations and
contribute to building a case for court. Survey responses indicated that chemical trace evidence can
impact on multiple stages of a case and that this form of evidence can play a part in guiding police
investigators in making decisions about how their cases progress through the criminal justice system. It
was found that an important aspect of the impact of chemical trace evidence can involve connections
with other forensic and non-forensic evidence in the cases. The provision of preliminary results, prior to
the formal written reports that are issued for use in court, enables chemical trace evidence to contribute
timely support to investigations. The findings of this survey study contradict prevailing perceptions that
the contribution of chemical trace evidence is limited to the presentation of evidence in court. Keywords: Forensic evidence | Criminal investigations | Chemical trace evidence | Criminal justice system | Police investigators |
مقاله انگلیسی |