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نتیجه جستجو - Chromia

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Tears and Eyewear in Forensic Investigation : A Review
اشکها و چشم ها در تحقیقات پزشکی قانونی: بررسی-2020
Body fluid analysis has played a crucial role in ascertaining various characteristics and has greatly aided in reconstructing events during crime scene investigation. It is often presumed that crimes that involve violence and mental disturbances such as murder or sexual assault provide good sources of body fluids such as blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, urine and tears. Tears are secreted in response to any emotional or stressful situations and may be found deposited on surfaces such as bedding, tissue paper or cloth. In the absence of the commonly noted body fluids such as blood or saliva, tears can play an important role that can lead to personal identification by examining the biochemistry and molecular aspects to obtain a full DNA profile. Additionally, identification of an individual may be done by carefully observing certain unique eye characteristics such as heterochromia which is highly individualistic. Characteristics of eyewear such as spectacles and contact lenses have unique properties and prescription criteria for correcting an individual’s eyesight that can provide vital clues in understanding the visual ability of an individual. In crime scene investigation, the presence or absence of eyewear provides immense evidentiary value that has greatly aided in solving cases such as Janet Abaroa’s Murder. This paper provides a systematic review of the possibility of using tears and eyewear for the purpose of forensic investigation and to statistically support the inferences with prescription databases which may be initiated across different populations. Forensic Optometry is yet to get streamlined along with the routinely followed investigative techniques and scientifically explored although no standard protocols exist to analyse eyewear. The use of behavioural optometry is gaining attention in the context of driving laws of different countries and is a simple but powerful indicator of abnormal behaviour. It is speculated that the last seen image referred to as an ‘Optogram’ of an individual may be captured in the retina since our eyes functions like a camera. Although this claim is considerably unexplored, it is quite possible that the last seen image of a criminal, objects or a place may be noted that can positively help in linking individuals at the scene of crime or identify the primary crime location. In this review, the potential for new insights into the analysis of tears, eye and eyewear characteristics have been explored.
Keywords: Tears analysis | Forensic serology | Eyewear forensics | Optograms | Forensic optometry
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Machinability evaluation and desirability function optimization of turning parameters for Cr2O3 doped zirconia toughened alumina (Cr-ZTA) cutting insert in high speed machining of steel
ارزیابی ماشینکاری و تابع مطلوبیت بهینه سازی تبدیل پارامترهای Cr2O3 به آلومینیوم نشکن زیرکونیا (کروم، ZTA) برش درج در ماشینکاری با سرعت بالا از فولاد-2016
In present study, mechanical properties, microstructure and machining parameter optimization of Cr2O3 doped zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramic insert have been investigated for application in high speed turning of AISI 4340 steel with achieving maximum tool life. The yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in α-Al2O3 matrix with varying percentage of co-doped chromia (Cr2O3) is prepared to study the phase transformation behaviour. The samples are uniaxially pressed in the form of cutting inserts and subsequently sintered at 1600 1C to evaluate the mechanical properties. Hardness and fracture toughness reaches the highest value i.e. 17.40 GPa and 7.20 MPa m1/2 respectively at 0.6% Cr2O3 doped ZTA due to more metastable tetragonal ZrO2 phase present in the alumina matrix. After 50 min of machining, the flank wear and surface roughness are found well below the tool rejection criteria. The cutting force also does not affect detrimentally on the job–tool interface. Turning experiments have been adopted as per central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) with varying 3 levels of cutting speed (140 m/ min, 280 m/min, 420 m/min), feed rate (0.12 mm/rev, 0.18 mm/rev, 0.24 mm/rev) and depth of cut (0.50 mm, 1.00 mm, 1.50 mm). The effect of each input parameter on output responses is investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and modelled using regression analysis. The influence of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut is observed maximum for determination of flank wear, cutting force and surface roughnessrespectively. Cutting speed of 420 m/min with feed rate of 0.12 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.5 mm has been shown as optimized condition with 83.32% desirability for minimum tool failure and maximum tool life.& 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Chromia | Zirconia toughened alumina | Machinability | Central composite design | Response surface methodology
مقاله انگلیسی
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