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نتیجه جستجو - Co-production

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 22
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Efficiency assessment in co-production systems based on modified emergy accounting approach
ارزیابی کارایی در سیستم های تولید مشترک بر اساس رویکرد حسابداری اضطراری اصلاح شده-2021
Emergy accounting in a system with co-production branch is of great scientific interest since each branch cor- responds to a different transformity value. In previous studies, limitations associated with emergy accounting in co-production systems have been highlighted where some “inputs” have to be added to obtain a “useful” product from a “co-product” – giving rise to inaccuracies in the emergy accounting process. To address these method- ological aspects of emergy assessment in co-production systems, a modified physical quantity method (MPQM) – that goes in line with the standard emergy algebra – has been proposed in order to provide a different perspective for accounting co-products efficiency. The robustness of MPQM has been verified by taking the case study of Eucalyptus pulp production and a comparison is made against conventional and energy/exergy weighting methods. As per the results, MPQM was able to provide accurate results for co-production systems as compared with other emergy accounting methods. However, the case of Eucalyptus pulp production was found to be “inefficient” following the MPQM approach. These findings are expected to strengthen the methodological as- pects of emergy accounting based on the physical quantity criterion.
keywords: ظهور | سیستم تولید همکاری | روش فیزیکی اصلاح شده | دگرگونی | ارزیابی کارایی | Emergy | Co-production system | Modified physical quantity method | Transformity | Efficiency assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The role of multiple values in developing management accounting practices in hybrid organisations
نقش مقادیر متعدد در توسعه روش های حسابداری مدیریت در سازمان های هیبریدی-2021
The aim of this study is to investigate how multiple values in non-profit hybrid organisations influence the adoption of management accounting practices. The empirical analysis centres on hybrid organisations established as co-production and co-management initiatives in social care. Pragmatic constructivism, centred on the role of values, informs the empirical analysis. This research shows that management accounting practices can develop without conflicts when only some actors are interested in management and their values predominate, despite the coexistence of multiple and conflicting values. However, in this situation, where conflicts are eliminated, the validity of accounting is compromised, as it does not represent all values. The evidence of this lack of validity is clear when considering the poor development of management accounting practices and the inability to develop some relevant measures, such as outcome measures. When only some values predominate, the opportunity provided by the multiplicity of values to the development of management accounting practices is lost, and possible inefficiencies may emerge. The use of pragmatic constructivism shows that this lack of validity, determined by the nonintegration of values, would be reduced by increasing the discussion among conflicting actors’ values. Findings suggest that the presence of conflicting values, that at first glance may be interpreted as an impediment, would, on the contrary, be useful to support accounting validity, when stimulating discussion. In this respect, conflicting values should work alongside communication, to include dimensions of reality.
keywords: سازمان های ترکیبی | مقادیر چندگانه | تولید مشترک | شیوه های حسابداری مدیریت | سازمانهای عملی | خدمات اجتماعی | Hybrid organisations | Multiple values | Co-production | Management accounting practices | Pragmatic constructivism | Social services
مقاله انگلیسی
3 How to foster scientific knowledge integration in coastal management
چگونه یکپارچه سازی دانش علمی را در مدیریت ساحلی پرورش دهیم-2021
Development of science-based coastal policies and strategies that effectively cope with coastal change and risk requires transfer of scientific knowledge beyond the scientific community, and its integration in management processes. However, scientists frequently convey their message to non-specialized audiences resourcing to their own empirical experience, often leading to a high effort - low efficiency process. This paper aims to propose a simple conceptual model to guide scientists in the process of knowledge transfer, focusing on whom and how, and promoting the efficiency of both the science dissemination process and inte- gration of scientific knowledge in management of coastal land and risk. The model proposed herein aims to guide scientists to actively pursue the goal of transferring their knowledge to policymakers and managers besides layman society, and is essentially based upon a review and integration of previous work. We argue that selection of the most efficient scientific knowledge transfer mechanism (outreach, crowdsourcing tools, managers-oriented tools or co-production) should be based following careful consideration of level of engagement with the audience, and take into consideration political and social contexts. The level of engagement also controls the amount of effort involved in message framing, and the nature and robustness of the feedback from the target audience. The model acknowledges that communication strategy must be thought on a case-by- case basis and ranks the proportion of effort distributed between message deliverer (framing) and receiver (engagement) implicit in each transfer mechanism. This helps to select the most adequate mechanism and op- timizes knowledge transfer efforts. In addition, it highlights the importance of encouraging scientists to develop message framing skills and to acknowledge the benefits of engaging with others.
keywords: انتقال دانش | نامزدی | تماس با ما | crowdsourcing | ابزار مدیریت گرا | تولید مشترک | Knowledge transfer | Engagement | Outreach | Crowdsourcing | Management-oriented tools | Co-production
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Designing with differences, cross-disciplinary collaboration in transport infrastructure planning and design
طراحی با تفاوت ها ، همکاری های متقابل انضباطی در برنامه ریزی و طراحی زیرساخت های حمل و نقل-2020
The study explores enablers and barriers of collaborative planning and design work in transport infrastructure planning projects, drawing upon five cases of projects in Sweden. The study apply a set of theoretical lenses complied of previous research focusing professional knowledge and co-production in planning and design practices, and research revolving around the concept of boundary objects in studies of collaborative work. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of practitioners learning across professional boundaries: what they learn fromeach other, howthey learn, and how the learning facilitates collaborative work. The results show that disciplinary barriers can be bridged through both individual efforts and project management strategies. This study shed light a set of enablers on individual level including; 1) a capacity to change focus between solving tasks within the remit of ones own discipline and jointly solving tasks together with professionals representing other disciplines; 2) curiosity and interest other professional perspectives; 3) willingness to learn from other professionals; and 4) motivation to engage in cross-disciplinary design processes. Project management is proposed to enable collaboration by; 1) opening up discussions about reasons and motives for collaborative work; 2) opening up discussions about strategies for collaborative processes; 3) promoting and facilitating learning processes among project participants, 4) coordinating meetings and activities for collaboration, and 5) facilitating deliberative dialogues at project meetings in which different types of knowledge can be put forth and interrelated.
Keywords: Transport infrastructure planning | Cross-disciplinary collaboration | Landscape architects | Engineers | Boundary objects | Professional knowledge
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Co-production of knowledge and adaptation to water scarcity in developing countries
تولید دانش و سازگاری با کمبود آب در کشورهای در حال توسعه-2020
Dwindling of freshwater resources is a harsh reality of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world and climate change is expected to deteriorate their situation through major reduction of freshwater supplies. Co-production of knowledge, through active negotiation of experts, government and local stakeholders has been used as a strategy to adapt to water scarcity. However, in many developing countries, co-production of knowledge is not common and adaptation efforts rarely reflects the plurality of involved knowledge sources and actors. Given the urgent need of transition towards water-efficient agricultural practices, the Iran’s government applied the knowledge co-production approach and implemented an integrated participatory crop management (IPCM) project in the Bakian village, Fars province. The objectives of this study were to analyze the knowledge coproduction process, identify the factors contributing to adoption of the co-produced knowledge and investigate the corresponding social, economic and environmental impacts. A mixed-method research was conducted comprising a case study on 19 informants selected using purposive sampling and a survey of 150 rice producers selected through systematic random sampling. The results indicated the relevance and pertinence of knowledge co-production in recognizing the real problems of the rice producers and suggesting some potential adaptive strategies. Though a wide range of natural, financial, technical, institutional and structural constraints restricted adoption of the proposed adaptive strategies, application of the co-produced knowledge significantly increased water productivity, ensured higher yields and farm-based sustainable livelihoods, and enhanced resilience of the farm households under water scarcity. Some recommendations and implications are offered to increase adaptation of farm families to water scarcity.
Keywords: Co-production of knowledge | Adaptation | Water scarcity | Climate change | Integrated participatory crop management | Impact assessment
مقاله انگلیسی
6 علم جامعه: یک نوع شناسایی و پیامدهای آن در اداره سیستم های بوم شناختی اجتماعی
سال انتشار: 2020 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 10 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 38
در سطح جهانی ، نقشی که باید توسط جامعه جامعه ایفا شود - تحقیقات علمی و نظارت است که توسط جوامع محلی کنترل می شود و توسط دانش مبتنی بر مکان ، یادگیری اجتماعی ، کنش جمعی و توانمند سازی مشخص می شود ، در سطح جهانی شناخته می شود. به طور خاص ، علم جامعه می تواند از تحول سیستم اجتماعی - بوم شناختی حمایت کند و به "تناسب" بهتر بین سیستم های اکولوژیکی و حاکمیت ، در سطوح محلی و بالاتر تصمیم گیری کمک کند. در این مقاله سه نمونه از جوامع به عنوان بازیگران اصلی در فرآیند تولید دانش برای ارائه گونه ای از علم جامعه و استنباط مجموعه ای از اصول اساسی / شرایط موفقیت مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. نوع شناسی شامل سه مدل یادگیری اجتماعی است که در آن جامعه دانش علمی را با (1) تعامل با بدن های خارجی کسب می کند ، (2) بهره گیری از تخصص علمی داوطلب داخلی و / یا (3) استخدام (یا عقد قرارداد) تخصص داخلی. همه این مدل ها دارای ویژگی اصلی هستند که جامعه محلی تصمیم می گیرد با چه کسانی بخواهد درگیر شوند. برخی از شرایطی که علم جامعه را تسهیل می کند شامل موارد زیر است: انعطاف پذیری در بین مدل های رهبری ؛ ارتباط با مکان و ارزشهای جمعی. توانمند سازی ، نمایندگی و اقدام جمعی ؛ اعتماد دانش محلی؛ و پیوندهایی با حکومت داری. علم جامعه نوعی دارو برای ایجاد تغییر در سطح محلی نیست ، و نیاز به ارزیابی حیاتی است که چگونه می تواند به جبران خلا دولت حاکم کمک کند.
کلید واژه ها: نظارت بر محیط زیست مبتنی بر جامعه حاکمیت مناسب | مدیریت مبتنی بر اکوسیستم | مباشرت | یادگیری اجتماعی | شیلات و سواحل
مقاله ترجمه شده
7 Does citizen coproduction lead to better urban services in smart cities projects? An empirical study on e-participation in a mobile big data platform
آیا مشارکت شهروندان منجر به خدمات بهتر شهری در پروژه های شهرهای هوشمند می شود؟ یک مطالعه تجربی در مورد مشارکت الکترونیکی در یک بستر بزرگ داده همراه-2020
With contemporary development of digital technology and smart cities initiatives, citizen co-production has created a new government-citizen interface. However, it remains inconclusive whether such citizen-government collaboration has achieved the fundamental goal of improving service quality for citizens. In this research, we tested the relationship between e-participation as a form of co-production and service performance, using multiple large longitudinal datasets from a smart city mobile platform. The results of the analysis show that citizen e-participation, in providing service feedback, is positively associated with the clearance rate of urban service requests in subdistrict service units, after controlling for various factors. We also found that the effect size of e-participation on service performance varies between different types of city services. E-participation has a stronger relative influence on complex problems that may involve multiple agencies, than with simple routine services
Keywords: Citizen-sourcing | Smart cities | E-government | Urban service | Open government | Big data | Digital transformation
مقاله انگلیسی
8 When salient science is not enough to advance climate change adaptation: Lessons from Brazil and Australia
وقتی علم برجسته برای پیشبرد سازگاری با تغییرات آب و هوا کافی نیست: درسهایی از برزیل و استرالیا-2020
Increased social and environmental vulnerability to extreme climatic events and inherent aggravation of environmental and social problems has placed climate change adaptation as an urgent challenge for decisionmakers. Understanding and using climate change information to advance the implementation of climate-friendly policies further compounds this challenge. A rich scholarly literature focusing on climate change adaptation endorses that investing in mechanisms that narrow the gap between climate change information production and its use is crucial to increase adaptive capacity. Based on this assumption, this paper investigates the extent to which two collaborative projects that functioned as boundary organisations in Brazil (CiAdapta project) and Australia (Climate Change Adaptation for Natural Resource Management in East Coast Australia) increased access to information, and enabled the continual and continuous usefulness of produced knowledge for climate change adaptation. Considering the distinction between usable and useful information, we applied six criteria to guide the data analysis and extract key lessons from each project. Our findings confirm that face-to-face interactions are more likely to result in research having the societal impact that is being increasingly required by research and funding bodies. Our findings also indicate that two key systemic changes are critical for the longterm influence of boundary organisations for advancing climate change adaptation. These include changes to the science, knowledge production process; and shift in the political culture.
Keywords: Boundary organisation | Cities | Natural resources management | Knowledge co-production | Adaptive capacity
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Integrating scientific and local knowledge to address conservation conflicts: Towards a practical framework based on lessons learned from a Scottish case study
ادغام دانش علمی و محلی برای مقابله با منازعات حفاظت: به یک چارچوب عملی مبتنی بر درسهای آموخته شده از یک مطالعه موردی اسکاتلند-2020
Integrating local knowledge with scientific knowledge can offer significant benefits to improving environmental decision-making. However, this is especially challenging in environmental conflict situations where advice is lacking, and no single approach can foster conflict transformation. To understand stakeholder knowledge and its integration in a conflict transformation process in Scotland, we brought together diverse stakeholder organisations and encouraged power sharing in the project’s management. Our mixed-methods approach was based on theories of community science, knowledge co-production, knowledge integration and implementation and conflict transformation. We gathered stakeholder perceptions to see where local and scientific knowledge converged and diverged. Stakeholders holding opposing views mutually prioritised knowledge gaps and identified future collaborative actions. Building upon lessons learned, we present a practical framework and associated considerations to realise knowledge integration goals in conservation conflict situations. This framework is widely applicable, especially in situations where disputes over the evidence-base prevent positive outcomes for people and nature.
Keywords: Community science | Conflict transformation | Knowledge integration | Public benefit | Transparency | Trus
مقاله انگلیسی
10 گردشگری به عنوان یک ماشین تولید کننده میراث
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 4 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 11
هدف این سند، تحلیل نقشی است که گردشگری به صورت تاریخی ایفا کرده است و همچنان امروزه در پیدایش و اثبات مفهوم میراث نوین ایفا می کند. این مقاله به صورت ویژه نگاهی به تاکید روی همکاری عملی در تولید میراث و گردشگری می اندازد و نشان می دهد که گردشگری هرگز به عنوان یک ماشین تولید کننده میراث نسبت به زمان شروع آن در قرن بیست و یکم، بهتر، سریعتر و کارآمدتر کار نکرده است. ما در آستانه یک "رژیم میراثی" جدیدی هستیم که نشانگر وجود یک شکاف در مقایسه با رژیمی است که میراث های اصلی ملّی اروپایی را در کشورهای ایالتی قرن نوزدهم تشکیل می داد. سیستم گردشگری (دست اندرکاران، مکان ها و کسب و کارهای گردشگری و نیز خود گردشگران) در تولید یک سیستم جدید میراثی (مکان ها، اقدامات و دست اندرکاران میراثی) که برطبق نیازها و انتظارات خود آنها در یک جهانی از ترافیک آزاد، تراکنش ها و تغییرپذیری های عمومی شده عمل می کند، سهم دارند.
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