دانلود و نمایش مقالات مرتبط با Compensation::صفحه 3
دانلود بهترین مقالات isi همراه با ترجمه فارسی 2

با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد). 

نتیجه جستجو - Compensation

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 105
ردیف عنوان نوع
21 Never underestimate your opponent: Hindsight bias causes overplacement and overentry into competition
هرگز حریف خود را دست کم نگیرید: تعصب عقاید باعث اضافه جای و اضافه کار در رقابت می شود-2020
This study investigates a source of comparative overconfidence, or over placement, which occurs when people overestimate themselves relative to others. We present a simple application of information projection (Madarász, 2012) to show that hindsight bias can lead to over placement and excessive willingness to compete. We run an experiment in which subjects choose between a competitive tournament and piece-rate compensation after observing some of their competitors’ past performance. We exogenously manipulate whether subjects have ex post information about their competitors’ past tasks (hindsight) or not (no hindsight). We find that hindsight bias generates over placement and increases subjects’ valuation of tournament participation by 19%. In line with theory, the additional tournament entry in the hindsight setting is driven by low-performing participants who should not have entered the tournament.
Keywords: Overconfidence | Tournament | Hindsight bias | Curse of knowledge | Information projection | Beliefs | Entrepreneurship
مقاله انگلیسی
22 The economic impact of right-to-work laws: Evidence from collective bargaining agreements and corporate policies
تأثیر اقتصادی قوانین کار درست : شواهدی از توافق نامه های جمعی و سیاست های شرکت ها-2020
We analyze the economic and financial impact of right-to-work (RTW) laws in the US. Using data from collective bargaining agreements, we show that there is a decrease in wages for unionized workers after RTW laws. Firms increase investment and employment but reduce financial leverage. Labor-intensive firms experience higher profits and labor-to- asset ratios. Dividends and executive compensation also increase post-RTW. Our results are consistent with a canonical theory of the firm augmented with an exogenous bargaining power of labor and suggest that RTW laws impact corporate policies by decreasing that bargaining power.
Keywords: Right to work | Collective bargaining | Unions | Wage growth | Investment
مقاله انگلیسی
23 Tournament incentive mechanisms based on fairness preference in large-scale water diversion projects
مکانیسم های تشویقی مسابقات بر اساس عدالت در پروژه های بزرگ انتقال آب-2020
Large-scale water diversion project has the characteristics of linear distribution and is usually conducted simultaneously by multiple contractors. A typical principal-agent relationship exists between the project owner and each contractor involved in executing the project. Due to the asymmetry of information and the different interest goals of the owner and contractors, the contractors are likely to engage in opportunistic behavior. This can have a seriously negative effect on the interests of the project owner and the public. In order to solve this problem and optimize contractors’ effort levels, this paper establishes a tournament incentives model operating under the existence of contractors’ fairness preferences, based on the principle-agent theory in the large-scale water diversion project. Also, a tournament incentives compensation distribution scheme is designed. The scheme is based on each agent’s ranking and degree of fairness preference. The results show that multiple contractors will be more inclined to put forth optimal effort after tournament incentives mechanism is introduced. Moreover, contractors’ optimal effort levels will increase as the degree of the incentive compensation gap between the two contractors increases. The study finds that the incentive coefficient for both top-ranked and second-ranked contractors should increase in line with corresponding increases in fairness preference degrees. This method will help to ensure that contractors put forward their optimal effort level, indirectly causing an increase in the total output performance of a large-scale water diversion project, thus achieving a win-win situation. Finally, the study’s conclusions are verified through a research study. The findings offer new insights for the development of stakeholder management between the owner and multi-contractor in large-scale water diversion projects.
Keywords: Tournament incentives | Fairness preference | Large-scale water diversion project | Principle-agent theory
مقاله انگلیسی
24 Electronic personhood for artificial intelligence in the workplace
شخصیت الکترونیکی برای هوش مصنوعی در محیط کار-2020
There are several legal and ethical problems associated with the far-reaching integration of man with Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the framework of algorithmic management. One of these problems is the question of the legal subjectivity of the parties to a contractual obligation within the framework of crowdworking, which includes the service provider, the Internet platform with AI, and the applicant’s client. Crowdworking is an excellent ex- ample of a laboratory of interdependence and collaboration between humans and artificial intelligence as part of the algorithmic management process. Referring to the example of crowdworking platforms, we should ask whether, in the face of the rapid development of AI and algorithmic management, AI can be an employer equipped with electronic person- hood? What characteristics does a work environment in which AI and algorithmic governance mechanisms play a dominant role? What kind of ethical implications are associated with the practical application of the concept of electronic subjectivity of AI in employment relations? This paper analyses the legal and ethical implications of electronic AI subjectiv- ity in the work environment. The legal construction of electronic personhood is examined. The legal entity that uses AI, which manages the work process through algorithmic subordination, bears the risks resulting from such use (economic, personal, technical, and social) and full material responsibility (individual liability regime with the application of the presumption of guilt rule) in case of damage to an employee. Liability provisions can be complemented by a mandatory insurance scheme for AI users and a compensation fund that can offer support when none of the insurance policies covers the risk. A compensation fund can be paid for by the manufacturer, owner, user, or trainer of the AI and can compensate all those who suffer damage as a result of its operations. This is the direction proposed by the European Parliament, which has progressively called for robots to be given an electronic personality. The personalistic concept of work excludes the possibility of AI becoming a le- gal entity. Alongside legal arguments, ethical questions are of fundamental importance. The final part of the article presents the ethical implications of AI as an employer endowed with a legal entity (electronic personhood).© 2021 Paweł Nowik. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence | Algorithmic management | Electronic personhood | Crowdworking
مقاله انگلیسی
25 Effects of superiors’ compensation structures on psychophysiological responses and real earnings management decisions of subordinate managers
تأثیر ساختارهای جبران خسارت فوقانی بر پاسخهای روانشناختی و تصمیمات مدیریت واقعی درآمد مدیران فرعی-2020
This study examines the effects of executive compensation structures and research and development (R&D) reporting methods on subordinate managers’ psychophysiological responses and decisions to engage in real earnings management. Results from one 2×2 between-participants experiment indicate that when R&D expenditures are capitalized, relative to expensed, managers are less willing to abandon a failing project in favor of a superior project. Importantly, executive compensation structures can effectively reduce this form of real earnings management by subordinates. When executives are paid with restricted stock, relative to when executives are compensated with unrestricted stock, their subordinate managers are less willing to continue a failing R&D project when R&D expenses are capitalized. A second experiment that employs pupillometry, eye tracking and facial analysis in order to capture participants’ psychophysiological responses to incentive structures reveals that subordinates exhibit increased arousal and more intense negative emotions when they encounter supervisor pay structures that conflict with their personal incentives. Increases in negative emotion lead to reductions in earnings management behavior. The results indicate that compensation structures for superiors, such as executives, can significantly mitigate subordinate managers’ tendency to engage in real earnings management. In addition, from a methodological perspective, the second experiment indicates that hypothetical incentives are internalized by experiment participants, and hypothetical incentives lead to predictable psychophysiological responses and related decisions.
Keywords: Executive compensation | Emotion | Eye tracking | Facial expression | Incentives | Pupillometry | Real earnings management
مقاله انگلیسی
26 A 0.23V 40nm OAI-ROM with Low Active and Standby Power for AI-based IoT Edge Devices
0.23 ولت 40 نانومتری OAI-ROM با توان کم و آماده به کار برای لبه دستگاه های اینترنت اشیا مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی-2020
Sub-threshold (sub-Vt) ROM is the code storage element in AI-based IoT devices, such as voice-activated edgecomputing SoCs. Reducing standby power for longer battery life and improving operating speed for faster response are two design pursuits for sub-Vt ROM. A conventional NAND-ROM used an extra code-inversion-based flag-table for enhancing speed but sacrificing leakage. In this work, we propose OAI-ROM to improve speed without using the flag-table for leakage reduction. The proposed ROM adopts the interleaved-shielding scheme to avoid crosstalk and the adaptive leakage compensation to achieve variation-resilient sub-Vt operation. The 40nm OAI-ROM has a minimum supply voltage of 0.23V with 23% and 88% less active and standby power, respectively, and 1.67 times higher speed compared to the NAND-ROM redesigned in the same CMOS.
Keywords: ROM | IoT | AI | sub-Vt | standby | edge computing
مقاله انگلیسی
27 In Vitro Differentiated Human Stem Cell-Derived Neurons Reproduce Synaptic Synchronicity Arising during Neurodevelopment
سلولهای عصبی مشتق شده از سلولهای بنیادی سلولهای بنیادی بدن در شرایط in vitro تولید مثل سینکروتیک سیناپسی ناشی از توسعه عصبی-2020
Neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) typically show regular spiking and synaptic activity but lack more complex network activity critical for brain development, such as periodic depolarizations including simultaneous involvement of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission.We generated human iPSC-derived neurons exhibiting spontaneous oscillatory activity after cultivation of up to 6 months, which resembles early oscillations observed in rodent neurons. This behavior was found in neurons generated using a more ‘‘native’’ embryoid body protocol, in contrast to a ‘‘fast’’ protocol based on NGN2 overexpression. A comparison with published data indicates that EB-derived neurons reach the maturity of neurons of the third trimester and NGN2-derived neurons of the second trimester of human gestation. Co-culturing NGN2-derived neurons with astrocytes only led to a partial compensation and did not reliably induce complex network activity. Our data will help selection of the appropriate iPSC differentiation assay to address specific questions related to neurodevelopmental disorders
مقاله انگلیسی
28 Sustainable expatriate compensation in an uncertain environment
غرامت پایدار خارج از کشور در یک محیط نامشخص-2020
This study examines an important area of strategic global human resource management - ex- patriate managers compensation in times of global business uncertainty. While expatriation has numerous well-documented benefits for multinational corporations (MNCs), it is incredibly costly. In consequence, when global business conditions become uncertain, the expatriate pro- gram in MNCs is typically one of the first budget centres to be targeted for cost savings. The MNC typically radically restructures expatriate remuneration. The resultant effect of these actions is a negative impact on the relationship between the expatriate and the MNC, ultimately reducing expatriate performance and thereby abating the many advantages that the expatriate program brings to MNCs. Social Exchange Theory and Real Options theory help to provide a theoretical framework to understand how expatriate compensation decisions can help to create a desirable sustainable expatriate program in MNCs.
Keywords: Expatriate manager | Compensation | Uncertainty | Sustainability | Social exchange theory | Real options theory
مقاله انگلیسی
29 Malpractice risk and medical treatment selection
خطر سوء استفاده و انتخاب درمان پزشکی-2019
Westudy howlegal and financial incentives affectmedical decisions. Using patient-level data fromItaly, weidentify the effect of a change in medical liability pressure by exploiting the geographical distribution of hospitals across court districts, where some districts increase the predictability of expected damages per injury while others do not. Using a difference-in-differences identification strategy, we show that as certainty of compensation increases, c-sections increase by 6.5 percentage points. There is no statistically significant effect on secondary health outcomes of either mothers or newborns, but the increase is higher for low-risk than high-risk mothers. The increase is driven by hospitals that have lower quality, are governed by inefficient court districts, face lower expected damages, and are paid more per c-section.
Keywords: Scheduled damages | Cesarean sections | Difference in differences
مقاله انگلیسی
30 Droplet vitrification versus straw cryopreservation for spermatozoa banking in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) from metabolite point of view
انجماد قطره ای در مقابل انجماد کاه برای بانکی اسپرماتوزوا در ماهیان خاویاری فارسی (Acipenser persicus) از دیدگاه متابولیت-2019
Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), a commercially valuable and critically endangered fish species has been suffering considerable declines in populations in the nature due to over-fishing, habitat destruction and marine pollution during past decades. Since there were no achievements in artificial reproduction programs, genetic resource banking such as gametes and embryo cryopreservation can be a good strategy however, reported resulting gamete qualities were considerably low. In the present study, the metabolome content of Persian sturgeon spermatozoa was investigated during common straw cryopreservation and novel droplet vitrification by the use of 1H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy. Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (PCA) analysis showed significant differences in the metabolic profiles between cryopreserved and fresh spermatozoa samples. Adenine, creatine, creatine phosphate, glucose, guanidoacetate, lactate, N, N-dimethylglycine, and glycine levels showed no significant differences between these two cryopreservation techniques suggesting these metabolites and their corresponding enzymes and chemical pathways are so vulnerable to the temperature changes and even higher cooling rate in droplet vitrification could not conserve them. However, significant differences were found in acetate, creatinine, betaine, b-alanine and trimethylamine N-oxide suggesting better efficiency of droplet vitrification in protection of some metabolites associated to spermatozoa energetics, redox balance and hypoxia compensation compared to straw cryopreservation.
Keywords : Cryopreservation | Vitrification | Persian sturgeon | Spermatozoa | 1H NMR spectroscopy
مقاله انگلیسی
rss مقالات ترجمه شده rss مقالات انگلیسی rss کتاب های انگلیسی rss مقالات آموزشی
logo-samandehi
بازدید امروز: 5924 :::::::: بازدید دیروز: 3097 :::::::: بازدید کل: 40191 :::::::: افراد آنلاین: 55