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Investigation and assessment of blockchain technology adoption in the pharmaceutical supply chain
بررسی و ارزیابی پذیرش فناوری بلاکچین در زنجیره تأمین دارویی-2021 The global pharmaceutical industry has gone through several changes in the past decade related to the adoption of new technologies. The challenges that are faced by this industry mostly involve counterfeit drugs and operational issues. The involvement of cold chain for vaccines, medicine etc. is also impacting the secure logistics and transportation. Newly introduce blockchain technologies have capabilities to address these issues. The challenge which needs to address is the requirement of tracking the product authenticity from start production to consumption point to prevent further financial losses. The present study has proposed the investigation and assessment of blockchain for integration in the supply chain model of the pharmaceutical to securely record transactions between parties enhancing trust and transparency. The blockchain adaptation and implementation to address the supply chain challenges are discussed.© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Confer- ence on Technological Advancements in Materials Science and Manufacturing. Keywords: Pharmaceutical supply chain | Blockchain technology | Decentralised system | Conceptual model | Assessment model |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Impact of ambidexterity of blockchain technology and social factors on new product development: A supply chain and Industry 4:0 perspective
تأثیر دوسویه فناوری بلاکچین و عوامل اجتماعی بر توسعه محصول جدید: زنجیره تامین و چشم انداز صنعت 4:0-2021 This study develops a technology and social capital process aided product innovation conceptual model based on dynamic capability and supply chain ambidexterity theory. The strategy of organizational ambidexterity unbalancing technological and relational social capital factors between buyers and suppliers leads to a higher level of digital manufacturing capabilities and enhances buyers’ innovation potential, considering the sustainable practices in their processes to cope with Industry 4.0 manufacturing processes and sustainability challenges. The study empirically validates the model using data collected from 379 French manufacturing companies. This is the first study that examines how buyers perceive the role of blockchain technology in exploring and exploiting innovation management in the Industry 4.0 era. The study advances understanding on the theory of ambidex-terity of supply chains in buyer–supplier relationships. The study results show the positive effect between internal integration and blockchain technology as well as relational social capital factors in buyer–supplier relationships. The findings underscore the critical role of relational and technological capital in buyer–supplier relationships, specifically to act as a catalyst for exploiting internal capabilities to achieve the innovation targets. The unique findings state blockchain technology mediation is dominant in exploiting the internal capabilities and benefits buyers’ innovation orientation. Keywords: Buyer innovation | Blockchain technology | Supply chain ambidexterity | Relational capital | Industry 4.0 | Sustainability |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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The validity of management accounting language games – A pragmatic constructive perspective
اعتبار بازی های زبان حسابداری مدیریت - یک دیدگاه سازنده عمل گرایانه-2021 To support the development of a pragmatic practice-based theory for management accounting, practice theory offers valuable avenues for understanding the development, role, and effects of tools and techniques used by practitioners. Scholars have identified communication as a critical
dimension for analysis, as discourse can govern the production of knowledge and power structures. However, previous research has mainly focused
on the role of actors within static environments; how actors justify their actions and goals, compared with other actors; and how they are aligned
with or justify new practices relative to existing practices. The pragmatic constructivist framework that underpins this special issue builds on this
research but recognises that previous research has paid little attention to how people—when interacting within a dynamic environment—develop
and create new types of constructive causality. Importantly, the necessary conditions for people’s actions to construct what they intend to remain
largely unexplored. Pragmatic constructivism is founded on the recognition that any theory of management accounting must include conceptual
devices representing the notion of success, as well as techniques for evaluating the truth aptness of local practices of reality construction, such as
those represented by managemen accounting. This special issue aims to theoretically and empirically explore the potential in management accounting for the measurement and governance of constructed causality. The central topic is the role of management accounting in supporting
individual and collective actors to effectively construct causal chains that make organisations work. The three articles in this special issue adopt
different approaches to combining the pragmatic constructivist framework with additional theoretical frameworks, as well as using different
research methodologies. The papers’ findings point to the importance of co-authorship in the creation of functioning organisational practices, and
suggest that this might be threatened by information technology. Co-authorship involves language games in the form of dialogical interaction
between the accountants and other involved actors. This process develops a shared understanding anchored in a fusion of conceptual models that is
tied to individual collaborators’ local practice.
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مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
Transformation of semantic knowledge into simulation-based decision support
تحول دانش معنایی به پشتیبانی تصمیم گیری مبتنی بر شبیه سازی-2021 Simulation is capable to cope with the uncertain and dynamic nature of industrial value chains. However, indepth system expertise is inevitable for mapping objects and constraints from the real world to a virtual model.
This knowledge-intensity leads to long development times of respective projects, which contradicts the need
for timely decision support. Since more and more companies use industrial knowledge graphs and ontologies to
foster their knowledge management, this paper proposes a framework on how to efficiently derive a simulation
model from such semantic knowledge bases. As part of the approach, a novel Simulation Ontology provides
a standardized meta-model for hybrid simulations. Its instantiation enables the user to come up with a fully
parameterized formal simulation model. Newly developed Mapping Rules facilitate this process by providing
guidance on how to turn knowledge from existing ontologies, which describe the system to be simulated, into
instances of the Simulation Ontology. The framework is completed by a parsing procedure for an automated
transformation of this conceptual model into an executable one. This novel modeling approach makes model
development more efficient by reducing its complexity. It is validated in a use case implementation from
semiconductor manufacturing, where cross-domain knowledge was required in order to model and simulate
the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on a global supply chain network.
keywords: تحول دانش | پشتیبانی تصمیم | هستی شناسی | مدل سازی ترکیبی | شبیه سازی همه گیر | شبیه سازی زنجیره تامین | Knowledge Transformation | Decision Support | Ontologies | Hybrid modeling | Pandemic Simulation | Supply chain simulation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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How to foster scientific knowledge integration in coastal management
چگونه یکپارچه سازی دانش علمی را در مدیریت ساحلی پرورش دهیم-2021 Development of science-based coastal policies and strategies that effectively cope with coastal change and risk
requires transfer of scientific knowledge beyond the scientific community, and its integration in management
processes. However, scientists frequently convey their message to non-specialized audiences resourcing to their
own empirical experience, often leading to a high effort - low efficiency process.
This paper aims to propose a simple conceptual model to guide scientists in the process of knowledge transfer,
focusing on whom and how, and promoting the efficiency of both the science dissemination process and inte-
gration of scientific knowledge in management of coastal land and risk. The model proposed herein aims to guide
scientists to actively pursue the goal of transferring their knowledge to policymakers and managers besides
layman society, and is essentially based upon a review and integration of previous work.
We argue that selection of the most efficient scientific knowledge transfer mechanism (outreach, crowdsourcing
tools, managers-oriented tools or co-production) should be based following careful consideration of level of
engagement with the audience, and take into consideration political and social contexts. The level of engagement
also controls the amount of effort involved in message framing, and the nature and robustness of the feedback
from the target audience. The model acknowledges that communication strategy must be thought on a case-by-
case basis and ranks the proportion of effort distributed between message deliverer (framing) and receiver
(engagement) implicit in each transfer mechanism. This helps to select the most adequate mechanism and op-
timizes knowledge transfer efforts. In addition, it highlights the importance of encouraging scientists to develop
message framing skills and to acknowledge the benefits of engaging with others. keywords: انتقال دانش | نامزدی | تماس با ما | crowdsourcing | ابزار مدیریت گرا | تولید مشترک | Knowledge transfer | Engagement | Outreach | Crowdsourcing | Management-oriented tools | Co-production |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Relationship between foredune profile morphology and aeolian and marine dynamics: A conceptual model
ارتباط مورفولوژی مشخصات foredune و پویایی بادی و دریایی: یک مدل مفهومی-2020 Foredunes are highly dynamic coastal features that are intrinsically connected with their adjacent beaches.
Correlations among parameters representative of aeolian and marine dynamics and the size and location of
foredunes were carried out. The results indicate that foredune steady-state location depends mainly on marine
dynamics, given that foredune toe level was positively correlatedwith the totalwater level of 10-year return period,
which guarantees that the foredune is only eroded by waves occasionally and therefore will have time to
recover and return to its long-termmorphological state. Foredune steady-state sizewas characterized by its volume,
whichwas positively correlatedwith aeolian sediment drift potential and exponentially related to the total
water levelwith a 10-year return period. Aeolian sediment drift potential is indicative of the total amount of sand
that potentially reaches the foredune, and therefore the foredune size is directly related to it. Higher total water
level with a 10-year return period leads to a foredune located further from the shoreline and at a higher altitude
(higher toe level asmentioned above). Consequently the beach iswider and the presence ofmoisture is expected
to be lower. This wider and dryer beach allows the aeolian sediment transport to approximate to its maximum
value, increasing its potential to build a bigger foredune. Data confirmed that the total water level with a 10-
year return period and the foredune volume are exponentially related. The correlations found show that
foredune steady-state size is related to both aeolian sediment drift potential and marine dynamics. Based on
these results, a long-term conceptual model is proposed to explain the different morphological characteristics
of the steady-state shape of foredunes as a function of the joint action of marine and wind dynamics. Keywords: Foredune | Long-term morphological state | Aeolian dynamic | Marine dynamic | Dune conceptual model | Coastal dune |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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A model for big spatial rural data infrastructure in Turkey: Sensor-driven and integrative approach
یک مدل برای زیرساخت های داده های بزرگ فضایی روستایی در ترکیه: رویکرد حسگر محور و یکپارچه-2020 A Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) enables the effective spatial data flow between providers and users for their
prospective land use analyses. The need for an SDI providing soil and land use inventories is crucial in order to
optimize sustainable management of agricultural, meadow and forest lands. In an SDI where datasets are static,
it is not possible to make quick decisions about land use. Therefore, SDIs must be enhanced with online data flow
and the capabilities to store big volumes of data. This necessity brings the concepts of the Internet of Things (IoT)
and Big Data (BD) into the discussion.
Turkey needs to establish an SDI to monitor and manage its rural lands. Even though Turkish decision-makers
and scientists have constructed a solid national SDI standardization, a conceptual model for rural areas has not
been developed yet. In accordance with the international agreements, this model should adopt the INSPIRE
Directive and Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) standards. In order to manage rural lands in Turkey, there
are several legislations which characterize the land use planning, land classification and restrictions. Especially,
the Soil Protection and Land Use Law (SPLUL) enforces to use a lot and a variety of land use parameters that
should be available in a big rural SDI. Moreover, this model should be enhanced with IoT, which enables to use
of smart sensors to collect data for monitoring natural occurrences and other parameters that may help to classify
lands.
This study focuses on a conceptual model of a Turkish big rural SDI design that combines the sensor usage and
attribute datasets for all sorts of rural lands. The article initially reviews Turkish rural reforms, current enterprises
to a national SDI and sensor-driven agricultural monitoring. The suggested model integrates rural land
use types, such as agricultural lands, meadowlands and forest lands. During the design process, available data
sets and current legislation for Turkish rural lands are taken into consideration. This schema is associated with
food security databases (organic and good farming practices), non-agricultural land use applications and local/
European subsidies in order to monitor the agricultural parcels on which these practices are implemented. To
provide a standard visualization of this conceptual schema, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams
are used and a supplementary data dictionary is prepared to make clear definitions of the attributes, data
types and code lists used in the model.
This conceptual model supports the LPIS, ISO 19156 International Standard (Geographic Information:
Observations and Measurements) catalogue and INSPIRE data theme specifications due to the fact that Turkey is
negotiating the accession to EU; however, it also provides a local understanding that enables to manage rural
lands holistically for sustainable development goals. It suggests an expansion for the sensor variety of Turkish
agricultural monitoring project (TARBIL) and it specifies a rural theme for Turkish National SDI (TUCBS). Keywords: Spatial data infrastructures | Big data | Internet of things | Rural land use | INSPIRE | LPIS |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Potentials of Blockchain Technologies in Supply Chain Management – A Conceptual Model
پتانسیل های فناوری های بلاکچین در مدیریت زنجیره تأمین - یک مدل مفهومی-2020 Meanwhile the rapidly advancing digitization affects almost all areas of society and business. This development is based in particular on the omni-present use of digital information technology. One of these technologies awarded with special potential related to business is the distributed ledger technology. The objective of this study is to investigate influences on the potentials of blockchain technology, being one distributed ledger technology, in the area of supply chain management. An empirical, qualitative data collection attained through expert interviews forms the data basis. The conceptual model is derived by using Grounded Theory Methodology to evaluate the interviews. Important influencing factors (trust, efficiency, costs, control, privacy, scalability) for the potential of blockchain technology in supply chain management and moderating effects (use case, knowledge, collaboration, regulations) form the conceptual model in order to deduce recommendations for business.© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0)Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the KES International. Keywords: blockchain technology | distributed ledger | supply chain management | potentials | empirical results | qualitative study | Grounded Theory |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Identification as a challenge in key account management: Conceptual foundations and a qualitative study
شناسایی به عنوان یک چالش در مدیریت حساب کلیدی: مبانی مفهومی و یک مطالعه کیفی-2020 Managing business relationships requires that boundary-spanning actors, such as key account managers, perform their task at the interface between two relational networks, the internal firm network and the network on the side of the key account. Several streams of research have suggested that similar situations raise questions of identification, but the business-to-business literature has not yet paid much attention to this issue. This study focuses on key account management (KAM) as a typical task of inter-organizational interface management. The conceptual foundations of identification in a sales-related interface context, such as KAM, are first discussed. It then pursues with a qualitative exploratory study that uses data gained through 40 semi-structured interviews with key account managers to identify their identification anchors. The qualitative data suggest four identification foci, namely organizational identification, key account identification, leader identification, and occupational identification, which are illustrated in a conceptual model. The study concludes with a discussion and avenues for future research. Keywords: Key account management | Key account manager | Identification | Semi-structured interview |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
Women backing women: The role of crowdfunding in empowering female consumer-investors and entrepreneurs
حمایت زنان از زنان: نقش سرمایه گذاری جمعی در توانمندسازی مصرف کنندگان زن و سرمایه گذاران-2020 Compared with their male counterparts, female entrepreneurs receive a disproportionately small amount of funding. One frequently cited reason for this disparity is the lack of female representation in the entrepreneurial funding decision-making process. Today, crowdfunding offers an innovative avenue for both male and female entrepreneurs and democratizes the funding decision-making process. Individual consumers (i.e., consumer- investors or backers) can now unite to influence funding outcomes. Yet, questions remain as to the motivations and behaviors of these backers supporting entrepreneurial projects through crowdfunding. This study integrates social capital theory along with the theory of choice homophily to examine the motivating factors of both male and female backers. It tests the conceptual model by analyzing empirical data collected from more than 2,000 Spanish crowdfunding backers. The findings confirm that compared with male backers, female backers support internal and external social ties to a greater extent when deciding on what projects to support. Keywords: Crowdfunding | Entrepreneurship | Innovation | Startups | Social capital | Female empowerment |
مقاله انگلیسی |