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نتیجه جستجو - Consciousness

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 25
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Physicians knowledge and practice concerning diagnosis and management of anaphylaxis: The situation in Egypt
دانش و عمل پزشکان در مورد تشخیص و مدیریت آنافیلاکسی: وضعیت در مصر-2021
Introduction: Early recognition of an anaphylaxis event is crucial for instituting lifesaving management. We sought to explore knowledge and practice towards anaphylaxis in a sample of physicians from ten Egyptian governorates.
Methods: An eighteen question-based questionnaire was developed by expert allergists to evaluate the knowledge and practice towards anaphylaxis, based on the World Allergy Organization guidelines for the assessment and management of anaphylaxis. The questionnaires were distributed, and the answered forms collected via emails, and data were tabulated, and analysed.
Results: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 242 physicians completed the survey (183 (75.6%) paediatricians, 32 (13.2%) internists, 22 (9.1%) intensivists and five (2.1%) anaesthetists). Only 91 participants (37.6%) identified all the four proposed anaphylaxis clinical scenarios while 70, 45 and 36 identified three, two and one scenario, respectively. Loss of consciousness and abdominal symptoms were not recognised as possible presentations of anaphylaxis by 64.5% and 80.2% of the participants, respectively. Epinephrine was considered the first line treatment by 98 (40.5%), corticosteroids by 77 (31.8%) and antihistamines by 25 (10.3%). 75 (31%) responders identified the right dose of epinephrine while 119 (49.2%) identified the proper route. Concerning practice, 83 physicians (39.2%) used epinephrine for all cases of anaphylaxis, 88 (41.5%) used it for refractory cases only whereas 41 (19.3%) did not use epinephrine at all.
Discussion: Our survey shows that the knowledge of Egyptian physicians and their practice towards anaphylaxis are still inadequate. The current situation reinforces the need to disseminate and encourage the adoption of the international guidelines for anaphylaxis diagnosis and treatment.
keywords: آنافیلاکسی | اپینفرین | واکنش های آلرژیک کشنده | دانش | تمرین | Anaphylaxis | Epinephrine | Fatal allergic reactions | Knowledge | Practice
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Commercial Used Apparel Collection Operations in Retail Supply Chains
عملیات جمع آوری پوشاک دست دوم تجاری در زنجیره های تأمین خرده فروشی-2021
Motivated by the commonly observed commercial used apparel collection (UAC) programs in the fashion retail supply chain operations, this paper analytically explores the associated operational challenges that firms face. First, in the basic model, we consider the case when a fashion retail brand promotes its UAC program and collects the used apparel from consumers. Depending on the conditions of the collected apparel products, the fashion retail brand will classify and either donate them for charity or send them to remanufacturing. For either case, the fashion retail brand gains a benefit. We analytically derive in closed-form the optimal promotion effort and study the mechanism for “profit” coordination. Our results indicate that many traditional supply chain contracts fail to achieve “profit” coordination. Thus, the effort cost sharing (ECS) contract is proposed and proven to be effective for “profit” coordination. Finally, to check the robustness of findings from the basic model, we examine various UAC practice related extended models, such as i) consumer coupon offering, ii) “no remanufacturing” model, iii) consumer heterogeneity in environmental consciousness, iv) own-brand collection vs any-brand collection. Our findings show that the qualitative insights continue to hold in the extended scenarios. Some novel scenario-dependent findings are also obtained. Insights derived in this paper not only contribute to the literature but also provide scientifically sound managerial guidance and insights to practitioners on how UAC programs can be best operated.
Keywords: Supply chain management | used apparel collection | socially responsible operations | promotion effort.
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Digital transformation: Five recommendations for the digitally conscious firm
تحول دیجیتال: پنج توصیه برای شرکت آگاه دیجیتالی-2020
Digital transformation is one of the key challenges facing contemporary businesses. The need to leverage digital technology to develop and implement new business models forces firms to reevaluate existing capabilities, structures, and culture in order to identify what technologies are relevant and how they will be enacted in organizational processes and business offerings. More often than not, these profound changes require firms to revisit old truths as they develop strategies that thread the needle between beneficial innovation and harmful disruption. This article uses the Internet of Things (IoT) as a backdrop to demonstrate the concerns associated with transformative technologies and offers five recommendations as to how firms can develop the strategies needed for digital transformation and become digitally conscious: (1) Start small and build on firsthand benefits; (2) team up and create competitive advantage from brand recognition; (3) engage in standardization efforts; (4) take responsibility for data ownership and ethics; and (5) own the change and ensure organization-wide commitment. As such, this article shows that digital transformation should be a top management priority and a defining trait of corporate business strategy, and that by becoming digitally conscious, firms may get a head start on their transformation journey.
KEYWORDS: Digital transformation | Digitization | Digitalization | Internet of Things | Digital consciousness
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Identifying factors associated with criminal responsibility by analyzing court trial verdicts
شناسایی عوامل مرتبط با مسئولیت کیفری با تحلیل آرای دادگاه-2020
The criminal responsibility of offenders with mental disorders is a key issue in forensic psychiatry. Japan’s implementation of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act and Lay Judge Act in the early 2000s raised publicawareness of this issue. To determine how criminal court judges in Japan assess the criminal responsibility of offenders, we examined 453 district court verdicts that mention psychiatric evidence. We extracted elements from each verdict that may be associated with courts’ decision-making regarding criminal responsibility andanalyzed the relationship between each element and the adjudication of criminal responsibility. We investigatedthe changes in each element’s prevalence over time. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the following were independently associated with the court decisions that offenders’ criminal responsibility was intact: un- derstandable motivation for committing the offense, homogeneity of the offense from the defendant’s usual behavioral pattern, a coherent process used to commit the offense, alertness while offending, and absence of psychotic symptoms. We observed that recent verdicts are more focused on the offender’s perception of illegalityand the coherence of the offending process while disregarding the defendant’s consciousness and memory whileoffending. Thus, the courts focus on some specific elements for evaluating the criminal responsibility of each offender.
Keywords: Forensic mental health | Criminal responsibility | Court verdict | Insanity defense
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Calorie labeling law and fast food chain performance: The value of capital responsiveness under sales volatility
قانون برچسب زدن کالری و عملکرد زنجیره فست فود: ارزش پاسخگویی سرمایه تحت بی ثباتی فروش-2020
With increasing health consciousness around calorie intake, we assess the influence of calorie labeling law on the stock market performance of publicly-traded fast-food chains. Using the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) final calorie labeling guidelines released on May 5, 2016, as the main event, we assess the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) of fast-food chains. Prior studies have focused on consumer behavior changes following the regulation; yet, the aggregate effects of the law on the financial outcomes remain unexplored. Our findings suggest that the regulation may not have had a significantly negative financial impact on publicly traded firms in the retail food industry. We found that publicly traded firms in the retail food industry with higher sales volatility in the past experienced a negative CAR while firms with high historic sales volatility accompanied by high levels of investment responsiveness – signaling of responsiveness to such laws – had a positive CAR.
Keywords: Calorie labeling laws | Investment responsiveness | Stock market reaction | Store churn
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Review for Cognitive Systems Research of the book The Brain and AI, by authors Karl Schlagenhauf and Fanji Gu
مروری بر تحقیقات سیستمهای شناختی کتاب مغز و هوش مصنوعی ، توسط نویسندگان Karl Schlagenhauf و Fanji Gu-2020
The human brain is often considered the most complex system known. It has a fantastic capacity to learn and remember, to recognize patterns in space and time, solve problems of all kinds, innovate tools and machines, create beautiful art and science. Is it reasonable to believe that we, in a foreseeable future, will be able to understand all the wonders of our own brain, enough to be able to mimic it and build artificial brains and minds that correspond to or even surpass the capacity of the human origin? Can we seriously believe that we (soon, or ever) will be able to build robots that know of and can reflect upon their own existence? This review of the book, The Brain and AI, deals with such issues, but in a very special way. It is written as a fascinating dialogue between the two authors, Chinese scientist Fanji Gu and German engineer Karl Schlagenhauf, where they discuss the development of neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI) with a critical examination of given ‘‘truths” in these fields. The Brain and AI is indeed worth reading for many reasons, regardless if you are a student or researcher in any of the many fields of science discussed here (e.g. physics, computer science, neuroscience, cognitive science psychology, social science), or if you are just interested in the current and future development of brain research and artificial intelligence. The book is both educating and entertaining and can be strongly recommended.
Keywords: Review | Neuroscience | Artificial intelligence | Human Brain Project | Consciousness | Free Will
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Legal experiences of workers: A case study from Turkey
تجارب حقوقی کارگران: مطالعه موردی از ترکیه-2020
Focusing on people’s experiences in the legal system is one way to explain the relationship be- tween law and society. This study aims to grasp labour law and working life in Turkey from the perspectives of workers. This bottom-up qualitative research is an attempt to reveal workers’ legal experiences and consciousness. Workers’ narratives about their court processes concentrate on three key topics: Security, predictability, and visibility. These three perspectives reflect the expectations of workers in the legal system. Since various facts arising from workers’ legal experiences compose precarious justice, which, in this study, will be discussed as the reflections of working life to the legal system.
Keywords: Labor law | Legal experience | Precariousness | Courts | Workers’ experiences
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Does artificial intelligence dream of non-terrestrial techno-signatures?
آیا هوش مصنوعی رویای امضاهای فنی غیر زمینی را می بیند؟-2020
Today, we live in the midst of a surge in the use of artificial intelligence in many scientific and technological applications, including the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). However, human perception and decision-making is still the last part of the chain in any data analysis or interpretation of results or outcomes. One of the potential applications of artificial intelligence is not only to assist in big data analysis but to help to discern possible artificiality or oddities in patterns of either radio signals, megastructures or techno-signatures in general. In this study, we review the comparative results of an experiment based on geometric patterns reconnaissance and a perception task, performed by 163 human volunteers and an artificial intelligence convolutional neural network (CNN) computer vision model. To test the model, we used an image of the famous bright spots on the Occator crater on Ceres. We wanted to investigate how the search for techno-signatures or oddities might be influenced by our cognitive skills and consciousness, and whether artificial intelligence could help or not in this task. This article also discusses how unintentional human cognitive bias might affect the search for extraterrestrial intelligence and techno-signatures compared with artificial intelligence models, and how such artificial intelligence models might perform in this type of task. We discuss how searching for unexpected, irregular features might prevent us from detecting other nearside or in-plain-sight rare and unexpected signs. The results strikingly showed that a CNN trained to detect triangles and squares scored positive hits on these two geometric shapes as some humans did
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Missing the Forest for the Trees: End-to-End AI Application Performance in Edge Data Centers
از دست دادن جنگل برای درختان: عملکرد کاربردی هوش مصنوعی تا پایان در مراکز داده لبه ای -2020
Artificial intelligence and machine learning are experiencing widespread adoption in the industry, academia, and even public consciousness. This has been driven by the rapid advances in the applications and accuracy of AI through increasingly complex algorithms and models; this, in turn, has spurred research into developing specialized hardware AI accelerators. The rapid pace of the advances makes it easy to miss the forest for the trees: they are often developed and evaluated in a vacuum without considering the full application environment in which they must eventually operate. In this paper, we deploy and characterize Face Recognition, an AI-centric edge video analytics application built using open source and widely adopted infrastructure and ML tools. We evaluate its holistic, end-to-end behavior in a production- size edge data center and reveal the “AI tax” for all the processing that is involved. Even though the application is built around state-of-the-art AI and ML algorithms, it relies heavily on pre- and post-processing code which must be executed on a general-purpose CPU. As AI-centric applications start to reap the acceleration promised by so many accelerators, we find they impose stresses on the underlying software infrastructure and the data center’s capabilities: storage and network bandwidth become major bottlenecks with increasing AI acceleration. By not having to serve a wide variety of applications, we show that a purposebuilt edge data center can be designed to accommodate the stresses of accelerated AI at 15% lower TCO than one derived from homogeneous servers and infrastructure. We also discuss how our conclusions generalize beyond Face Recognition as many AI-centric applications at the edge rely upon the same underlying software and hardware infrastructure.
مقاله انگلیسی
10 A programmatic intervention to promote entrepreneurial selfefficacy, critical behavior, and technology readiness among underrepresented college students
یک مداخله برنامه ای برای ارتقا کارآیی کارآفرینی ، رفتار انتقادی و آمادگی فناوری در میان دانشجویان کم دانشگاه-2020
Underrepresented students face challenges in accessing entrepreneurial education and careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. In attempts to address this deficit, a five-week social entrepreneurship program (named Poder) with a focus on technology was implemented at one of the largest community college systems in the U.S. Conceptually, the program curriculum was grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory and Critical Consciousness, two approaches noted for helping underserved students. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the program, students from diverse backgrounds (n=106) completed pre- and post-test measures, which included instruments assessing entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial skills, civic participation, critical behavior, technology optimism, and technology innovation. Results from paired samples t-tests and a series of repeated measures mixed-design ANOVAS suggest that students experienced significant increases in all outcome measures, except for civic participation, and effects were not moderated by race/ethnicity, gender, or immigration status. These results suggest that the program, designed with a culturally responsive curriculum, was effective in promoting the career development of culturally diverse and underrepresented students. We discuss conceptual and practical contributions for addressing educational attainment gaps and systemic issues in entrepreneurship and STEM education.
Keywords: Critical entrepreneurship | Underrepresented students | STEM education | Social cognitive career theory | Community college
مقاله انگلیسی
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