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نتیجه جستجو - Contractors

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 27
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Artificial intelligence quality inspection of steel bars installation by integrating mask R-CNN and stereo vision
بازرسی کیفیت هوش مصنوعی نصب میله های فولادی با ادغام ماسک R-CNN و دید استریو-2021
Contractors should conduct strict quality inspection of the steel bars used in concrete structures and need to automate the process of quality inspection. The objective of this study is to develop an Artificial Intelligence Quality Inspection Model (AI-QIM) that can execute quality inspection on steel bars at the construction site. The proposed AI-QIM is built on the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) technique, which can perform instance segmentation of steel bars. This object detection technique is integrated with a stereo vision camera to generate information on steel bar installation. A contractor can use the proposed AI-QIM to estimate the quantity, spacing, diameter, and length of steel bars during quality inspection. A sample case study indicated that the AI-QIM yielded a maximum relative error of 3% when measuring steel bar spacing and a maximum relative error of 8% when measuring steel bar lengths within a range of 1–2 m from a stereo camera.
Keywords: Steel bar | Quality inspection | Artificial intelligence | Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) | Mask R-CNN | Stereo vision | Object detection | Object mask | Instance segmentation
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Influence of construction company size on the determining factors for construction and demolition waste management
تأثیر اندازه شرکت ساخت در عوامل تعیین کننده ساخت و مدیریت زباله های تخریب-2021
Due to the relevance of construction and demolition waste (CDW) generation for circular economy and reduction of environmental impacts, it is important to evaluate the factors leading to constraints regarding waste. Previous researchers have assessed construction company attitudes and behaviors toward CDW management, but factors such as the presence of environmental technicians, registration of the CDW generated, commitment to the legal framework, the subcontracting regime, and construction works’ oversight were rarely addressed in terms of the differences existing within the construction sector. Thus, the objective of this research is to evaluate the rela- tionship of these factors with construction company size. A questionnaire was sent to Portuguese construction companies, and 652 responded. The sample was divided into three groups: micro, small, and medium/large companies. Statistical data treatment was carried out to assess whether there were statistically significant dif- ferences in the mentioned factors between groups. The main conclusions highlight: the prevalence of environ- mental technicians working in larger companies; the registration on waste platforms being only performed consistently by medium/large companies; a considerable proportion of micro and small companies having knowledge gaps about the practices adopted; the responsibility for CDW management within the subcontracting regime being mainly from subcontractors; and the presence of a gap regarding onsite construction works oversight. These differences lead to the need to reevaluate the strategies for CDW management and adapt the strategies to the specific conditions of the construction sector, including the size of construction companies.
keywords: بخش ساخت | شرکت های ساختمانی | ساخت و تخریب زباله (CDW) | مدیریت زباله | رفتار - اخلاق | Construction sector | Construction companies | Construction and demolition waste (CDW) | Waste management | Behavior
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Facilitating collaboration in forest management: Assessing the benefits of collaborative policy innovations
تسهیل همکاری در مدیریت جنگل: ارزیابی مزایای نوآوری های سیاست مشارکتی-2020
Collaborative governance and landscape approaches have become a more prevalent in public land management in the United States in the face of increasing ecological and societal complexity and decreasing government resources and capacity. In this era of devolution and social-ecological change, there is a growing need for policy approaches that facilitate partnerships and participatory approaches to land management. One unique policy that emphasizes collaboration and large-landscape restoration on US federal forestlands is the Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration Program (CFLRP), established in 2009 to accelerate the pace and scale of forest restoration. The policy included novel characteristics such as a decade-long commitment to landscapes and formal requirements for collaboration. This program presented an opportunity to assess how this policy affected collaboration and the factors that led to differential policy implementation. We conducted 89 interviews across all 23 CFLRP projects with internal agency staff and external collaborators on each project. We found that the CFLRP generated a variety of benefits related to collaboration, including increased trust and stronger relationships, increased collaborative partner influence, decreased litigation and conflict, and increased capacity to accomplish work; however, there were also challenges associated with the program, including thetime-intensive nature of collaboration and the lack of industry or contractors. Various local factors affected collaborative outcomes under the policy, including staff turnover and capacity, local leadership, and collaborative history. Successful collaborative outcomes were widespread under the CFLRP, and from this, we draw implications for the broader environmental governance literature about the policy characteristics that facilitate collaboration and the other institutional variables that may require attention in this context.
Keywords: Collaborative governance | Community-based forestry | Adaptive governance | Ecological | Restoration | Policy design
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Determining value of logistics costs in projects: empirical findings based-on executing several cement projects in Indonesia
تعیین ارزش هزینه های تدارکات در پروژه ها: یافته های تجربی مبتنی بر اجرای چندین پروژه سیمان در اندونزی-2020
This research tries to shed light on precise values of logistics costs that so far undisclosed. The values are important for every project planners to evaluate, control and monitoring, and especially imperative for procurement activities. Tender, bidding, and defining the scope of contracts and value can be well organized without time-consuming. This research uses methodology previously developed by Subiyanto (2020a) and discussed only a few particular and directly related to the logistics. The model had been decomposed by utilizing path analysis and the data had been regressed to define variables as the most inflator for logistics. The findings are total logistics costs in Indonesia generally at around 14.6% to total costs of investment. It consists following of insurance cost 0.11%, costs for customs clearance 6.52%, foreign logistics costs 6.62%, domestic manufacture 0.47%, and domestic logistics costs 0.89%. This research is not discussing logistics costs relating to human resources, human travelling, and internal logistics conducted by vendors or contractors as the scope included counted within their procurement contract. These results are important as guidance for project planners, controllers, and other parties to prepare costs more precisely. Negotiating to the banks will be easier as the more precise amount of budgets had been estimated. Due to the important values that have been identified, there will help transparency and governance conducting the projects. Procurement processes involving societies are more objective and better. This is a novelty finding as previous researchers have not decided yet.
Keywords: Projects management | Logistics costs | Customs clearance costs | Foreign logistics costs | Domestic manufacture costs | Domestic logistics costs | Insurance costs | Economic development | Pricing | Logistics | Strategic management | Scale construction | Business
مقاله انگلیسی
5 The synergy between human factors and risk attitudes of Malaysian contractors’: Moderating effect of government policy
هم افزایی بین عوامل انسانی و نگرش ریسک از پیمانکاران مالزی: اثر تعدیل کننده سیاست دولت-2020
Many critical factors influence the effectiveness of risk management. There is unanimity among project and risk practitioners about the most significant factor responsible for risk management: “human factors”. As human attitude is always reflected in behaviour, there is a high possibility that a contractors behaviour will be by the attitude. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors affecting contractors risk attitudes and then determine the relationship with government policy. A total of 100 copies of questionnaire were randomly distributed to the construction companies in Kuantan Malaysia. Out of the 100 copies of the questionnaire distributed, 69 copies were received indicating 72.6% response rate. Thirteen (13) copies of the questionnaire were found to be unusable due to missing data or errors in the responses to all the questions. Thus, 56 copies of the questionnaire, indicating 58.9% response rate, were usable. Moreover, with quantitative research design following the positivist research paradigm, the methodology was designed to focus on the research questions and the objectives. Organizational Control Theory was used to develop the theoretical framework that investigated G-7 contractors in the Kuantan Pahang, Malaysian construction companies. SPSS 20.0 & SmartPLS 3 for structural equation modelling was utilized in testing the hypotheses developed for the study. Government policy moderates the relationships between the internal factors and contractors risk attitudes among the construction companies operating in Kuantan, Malaysia. This implies that the findings of the study provides more understanding of the personal factors that affect contractors risk attitudes to facilitate contractors decision-making process. It also serves as a useful reference for further studies in the field of construction project management.
Keywords: Contractors risk attitude | Risk attitude | Organizational control theory | Government policies | Personal factors | PLS-SEM
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Inter- and intra-organizational safety management practice differences in the construction industry
تفاوت مدیریت عملکرد ایمنی بین سازمانی و درون سازمانی در صنعت ساخت و ساز -2020
This work investigates safety management practice differences in the interorganizational manner between general contractors and subcontractors as well as in the intraorganizational manner between head offices and construction sites. While head offices of general contractors determine the safety performance target for a project, the actual performance is determined by how employees of general contractors and subcontractors working at construction sites manage the safety management practices together. This study presumes that there exist safety management practice gaps within an organization and between organizations, which are probably the reasons for stagnant safety performance improvement in the construction industry. Using 341 survey data items collected from general contractor and subcontractor companies’ employees working in head offices and at construction sites, chi-square tests for one safety management practice and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests for three different safety management practices were conducted. It was found that there is no statistically significant safety management practice difference between general contractors and subcontractors. However, regarding the workplace, four safety management practices consistently showed that head offices have higher mean values than construction sites and that the differences are statistically significant. The two-way ANOVA test results also revealed statistically significant interaction effects. The results contribute to justifying the need for a more holistic and comprehensive approach when establishing a safety management strategy.
Keywords: Safety management practice | Company-level safety management | Project-level safety management | Safety
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Identifying safety archetypes of construction workers using system dynamics and content analysis
شناسایی الگوی اصلی ایمنی کارگران ساختمانی با استفاده از پویایی سیستم و تحلیل محتوا-2020
Construction accidents have unique features on the surface, while further investigation often reveals common underlying systemic patterns that lead to accidents. By identifying these patterns, organizations can better understand past accidents, monitor risk, and reduce the likelihood of future accidents. Further, construction project management is such a complex effort due to the unique, dynamic, and temporary nature of the construction industry. Furthermore, there is lack of research on exploring the systematic patterns responsible for occurrence of accidents. To address this gap in knowledge, this paper aims to better understand the dynamic complexity of construction safety by identifying behavioral patterns of workers that recur in construction projects continuously. Content analysis and ground theory method (GTM) were adopted for this research. In total, 100 papers were reviewed to explore the influential factors affecting the safety in construction projects. Furthermore, 20 interviews were conducted with experts in the field of construction health and safety. The results showed that there are four archetypes of construction workers: (1) blame on workers, (2) construction delay, (3) incentive programs, and (4) subcontractors’ financial status. The identified archetypes have been illustrated at different steps including the dynamic theory, behavior over time, and the leverage point to show how to manage the archetype. The developed archetypes could be useful for decision-makers and help them be aware of the longterm effects of their decisions in the projects. They also provide systemic vision for project managers helping them understand the dynamic complexity of construction safety management.
Keywords: Construction management | Safety | Systems thinking | Content analysis | System dynamics | Archetypes | Worker
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Differential effect of knowledge on stakeholders’ willingness to pay green building price premium: Implications for cleaner production
تأثیر اختلاف دانش بر تمایل ذینفعان برای پرداخت حق بیمه قیمت سبز ساختمان: پیامدهای تولید پاک کننده-2020
Green buildings (GBs) are designed to reduce the environmental impact of construction while improving human comfort and health. However, green buildings are often more expensive than conventional buildings, because green building price premium tends to cover extra costs, such as import prices, investment in research and development, and more efficient, but more expensive, construction systems. The present study aims to assess the extent to which knowledge about green building benefits affects the acceptable size of green building price premium across different groups of stakeholders. The survey was carried out in Israel in 2016 and covered 438 potential homebuyers, 50 architects, and 50 building contractors (developers). As the study revealed, consumers more familiar with green building benefits are willing to pay 9.25% of green building price premium, as opposed to 7.74% extra costs acceptable to consumers being less familiar with green building benefits (P < 0.05). By contrast, among the developers, the acceptable size of green building price premium was found to be inversely related to the level of knowledge e about 17% among developers more familiar with green building vs. 29% among developers less familiar with it.We explain these differences by the fact that developers previously involved in green building projects, may be more aware about a relatively small price premium that consumers are willing to pay for accommodations in such buildings. Developers with past green building experience may also have better knowledge about long bureaucratic procedures and complex management of green building projects, which may reduce their willingness to add green buildings to their investment portfolios. The main finding of the study is that improved knowledge about green building benefits has varying effects on different groups of stakeholders. Therefore, in order to stimulate cleaner production in the construction industry, user-tailored strategies aimed at stimulating interest in green building among various groups of stakeholders should be applied.
Keywords: GBs | Green buildings | PP | Price premium | WTP | Willingness to pay | WTA | Willingness to add | Knowledge | Stakeholders
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Tournament incentive mechanisms based on fairness preference in large-scale water diversion projects
مکانیسم های تشویقی مسابقات بر اساس عدالت در پروژه های بزرگ انتقال آب-2020
Large-scale water diversion project has the characteristics of linear distribution and is usually conducted simultaneously by multiple contractors. A typical principal-agent relationship exists between the project owner and each contractor involved in executing the project. Due to the asymmetry of information and the different interest goals of the owner and contractors, the contractors are likely to engage in opportunistic behavior. This can have a seriously negative effect on the interests of the project owner and the public. In order to solve this problem and optimize contractors’ effort levels, this paper establishes a tournament incentives model operating under the existence of contractors’ fairness preferences, based on the principle-agent theory in the large-scale water diversion project. Also, a tournament incentives compensation distribution scheme is designed. The scheme is based on each agent’s ranking and degree of fairness preference. The results show that multiple contractors will be more inclined to put forth optimal effort after tournament incentives mechanism is introduced. Moreover, contractors’ optimal effort levels will increase as the degree of the incentive compensation gap between the two contractors increases. The study finds that the incentive coefficient for both top-ranked and second-ranked contractors should increase in line with corresponding increases in fairness preference degrees. This method will help to ensure that contractors put forward their optimal effort level, indirectly causing an increase in the total output performance of a large-scale water diversion project, thus achieving a win-win situation. Finally, the study’s conclusions are verified through a research study. The findings offer new insights for the development of stakeholder management between the owner and multi-contractor in large-scale water diversion projects.
Keywords: Tournament incentives | Fairness preference | Large-scale water diversion project | Principle-agent theory
مقاله انگلیسی
10 A systematic review of quantitative risk analysis in construction of mega projects
بررسی سیستماتیک تحلیل کمی ریسک در ساخت پروژه های مگا-2020
Mega projects (MP) require efficient management of risks during their construction. Therefore, it is crucial to identify any possible deviations towards meeting their objectives. Such deviation forced MP to be delivered behind schedule and over budget. According references, MP does not require only qualitative analysis but requires an accurate quantitative analysis based on knowledge and practice. Thus, this paper aims to undergo a systematic review of quantitative analysis literature in construction of worldwide MP, with the utmost aim to improve contractors quantitative risk analysis practices in the presence of uncertainty. A time line was produced which shows the process of quantitative risk analysis in this literature including the past six years from 2013 to 2018. This was followed by a critical analysis in order to account for quantitative risk analysis techniques highlighted throughout literature sources. Furthermore, the paper reviews the literature of worldwide mega projects by which quantitative risk analysis process was practiced. It was observed that Monte Carlo analysis technique has succeeded in supporting project managers in allocating deviations in the objectives of MP. The paper adds value to practitioners using the process of quantitative risk analysis as well as contractors working on construction of MP.
Keywords: Quantitative risk analysis | Risk management | Monte Carlo analysis | Mega projects (MP)
مقاله انگلیسی
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