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61 |
EU GDPR or APEC CBPR? A comparative analysis of the approach of the EU and APEC to cross border data transfers and protection of personal data in the IoT era
GDPR EU یا APEC CBPR؟ تجزیه و تحلیل مقایسه ای از رویکرد اتحادیه اروپا و APEC برای انتقال اطلاعات مرزی و محافظت از داده های شخصی در دوره IoT-2019 This article examines the two major international data transfer schemes in existence today
– the European Union (EU) model which at present is effectively the General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR), and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Cross Border Privacy
Rules system (CBPR), in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT).
While IoT data ostensibly relates to things i.e. products and services, it impacts individ-
uals and their data protection and privacy rights, and raises compliance issues for corpora-
tions especially in relation to international data flows. The GDPR regulates the processing
of personal data of individuals who are EU data subjects including cross border data trans-
fers. As an EU Regulation, the GDPR applies directly as law to EU member nations. The GDPR
also has extensive extraterritorial provisions that apply to processing of personal data outside
the EU regardless of place of incorporation and geographical area of operation of the
data controller/ processor. There are a number of ways that the GDPR enables lawful international
transfer of personal data including schemes that are broadly similar to APEC
CBPR.
APEC CBPR is the other major regional framework regulating transfer of personal data
between APEC member nations. It is essentially a voluntary accountability scheme that initially
requires acceptance at country level, followed by independent certification by an accountability
agent of the organization wishing to join the scheme. APEC CBPR is viewed by
many in the United States of America (US) as preferable to the EU approach because CBPR is
considered more conducive to business than its counterpart schemes under the GDPR, and
therefore is regarded as the scheme most likely to prevail.
While there are broad areas of similarity between the EU and APEC approaches to data
protection in the context of cross border data transfer, there are also substantial differences.
This paper considers the similarities and major differences, and the overall suitability of the
two models for the era of the Internet of Things (IoT) in which large amounts of personal
data are processed on an on-going basis from connected devices around the world. This is
the first time the APEC and GDPR cross-border data schemes have been compared in this way. The paper concludes with the author expressing a view as to which scheme is likely to
set the global standard Keywords: IoT data | GDPR | CBPR | transborder data flows | data protection | privacy | global standard |
مقاله انگلیسی |
62 |
Implementing healthcare services on a large scale: Challenges and reme dies based on blockchain technology
اجرای خدمات مراقبت های بهداشتی در مقیاس گسترده: چالش ها و مرگ و میرها براساس فناوری بلاکچین -2019 The accessibility of electronic healthcare data is necessary for effective treatment, policy decisions, and healthcare information exchange. Due to the intangibility of digital data, healthcare information is also prone to privacy-breach and security attacks. Further, the importance of immutability and privacy of healthcare data becomes colossal when a nationwide healthcare and wellness scheme is planned to be implemented. Providing quality healthcare services to such an enormous population size is challenging and requires proper technological infrastructure. The cooperation from the society is equally important to lay such a copious architecture on which the healthcare services should seamlessly run. Objective: To assess the social and technical challenges that lie ahead in implementing large-scale com- prehensive healthcare services and suggest a technology-intervening solution to serve the society at large. Method: This study considers India’s National Health Policy (2017) initiatives. The social and technical hurdles in implementation of the schemes are discussed, and AarogyaChain, a Blockchain technology- based solution is proposed to eliminate the health policy implementation hiccups. Result: We find that the scalability is a primary concern in implementing healthcare services on blockchain at such a large scale. We experimented by creating a blockchain and found that the system throughput is a function of the number of special nodes called ordering nodes, and a trade-offis required to balance between time-to-commit and system’s fault tolerance. Conclusion: Blockchain provides a secure and transparent system of integrated healthcare services that keeps patients at the center and provides for corruption intolerant and efficient implementation of na- tionwide health-insurance programs. Keywords: Blockchain | EHR | Health policy | Decentralized computing | Corruption intolerance | Health insurance | Hyper ledger fabric |
مقاله انگلیسی |
63 |
The development of the fisheries crime concept and processes to address it in the international arena
توسعه مفهوم جرم و جنایت ماهیگیری و فرآیندهای رسیدگی به آن در عرصه بین المللی-2019 This article traces the emergence of the ‘fisheries crime’ concept from its national Nordic roots through its
introduction to, and subsequent acceptance within, the international political arena. The centrality of the associated
law enforcement approach is underscored and key international processes aimed at addressing transnational
organised crime in the international fishing sector are discussed. The importance of cooperation both
domestically, amongst relevant government agencies, and across borders, at a region and global level, in this
regard is highlighted. Keywords: Fisheries crime | Norway | Law enforcement |
مقاله انگلیسی |
64 |
The impact of Brexit on the future of UK forensic science and technology
تأثیر Brexit در آینده علم و فناوری پزشکی قانونی انگلیس-2019 This article seeks to assess the prospects of UK forensic science and technology in a post-Brexit world by
analysing four interlocking issues: Brexit itself, the evolution of national criminal justice organisational
and funding priorities, the increasing interrelationship of science and technology in the forensic domain
and the relatively disadvantaged place of forensic science and technology within the contemporary
‘scientific state’ paradigm. The results are generally pessimistic for the likely future of forensic science.
This conclusion is reinforced by scepticism about the wisdom of proceeding with Brexit. The article is
structured to identify the potential implications of British political decisions on its national forensic
science capabilities and capacity. Some aspects of the analysis are likely to have a wider resonance for
international discourse about the future sustainability of forensic science and technology, however,
particularly the interface between the globalisation of science and technology with justice. Keywords: Brexit | Forensic science and technology | International criminal justice cooperation | Fiscal austerity | National science policy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
65 |
Medical research, Big Data and the need for privacy by design
تحقیقات پزشکی، داده های بزرگ و نیاز به حریم خصوصی توسط طراحی-2019 Medical research data is sensitive personal data that needs to be protected from unauthorized access and unintentional
disclosure. In a research setting, sharing of (big) data within the scientific community is necessary in order to make
progress and maximize scientific benefits derived from valuable and costly data. At the same time, convincingly protecting
the privacy of people (patients) participating in medical research is a prerequisite for maintaining trust and willingness to
share. In this commentary, we will address this issue and the pitfalls involved in the context of the PEP project1 that
provides the infrastructure for the Personalized Parkinson’s Project,2 a large cohort study on Parkinson’s disease from
Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), in cooperation with Verily life Sciences, an Alphabet subsidiary.
Keywords:Big Data | GDPR compliance | informed consent | medical cohort study | polymorphic encryption | privacy by design |
مقاله انگلیسی |
66 |
Performance and productivity in Islamic and conventional banks: Evidence from the global financial crisis
عملکرد و بهره وری در بانک های اسلامی و متعارف: شواهدی از بحران مالی جهانی-2019 We assess the performance and productivity of Islamic and conventional banks using financial ratios, a two- and a
four-component meta-frontier Malmquist productivity index (MPI). We focus on the relatively homogenous GCC
region over the 2006–2012 period that covers the global financial crisis. We find that Islamic banks exhibit worse
cost and profit performance but are on a par with regards to revenue performance compared to the conventional
ones. The components of the meta-frontier MPI suggest that the technology of conventional banks improves
markedly in years leading to the financial crisis and declines thereafter. Islamic banks show a similar but more
muted pattern. By contrast, the pronounced within-Islamic bank group variation in technical efficiency and
technology suggests that Islamic banks are quite heterogeneous as a group. Overall, the MPI analysis suggests that
the two bank types are more aligned following the global financial crisis. Policy makers should be wary of the
important variations within the Islamic banking industry when implementing bank regulations. Keywords: Performance | Banking sector | Meta-frontier Malmquist productivity analysis | Gulf Cooperation Counci |
مقاله انگلیسی |
67 |
Certified Safety Engineer (CSE) as a new official profession in China: A brief review
مهندس ایمنی معتبر (CSE) به عنوان حرفه رسمی جدید در چین: مروری کوتاه-2019 Developing a group of good safety professionals is a key foundation for improving a country’s work safety and
health. In China, the widespread concern and discussion on the development of safety professionals, or more
specifically Certified Safety Engineers (CSEs) started in the early 1990s. In recent years, especially after 2002,
China’s CSEs entered into a holistic, systematic and rapid development period because of the formal establishment
and implementation of the professional qualification system for CSEs in 2002. Moreover, CSE is now
becoming the most important profession in the field of work health and safety in China, and it has been officially
approved by the central government. China has rich experiences on the development and cultivation of CSEs.
However, these experiences were little known to the outside world due to the lack of efficient communication.
Firstly, this paper briefly reviews the history and development of CSEs in China. Then, the administrative
regulation and important requirements (such as capacity requirements and the knowledge framework) regarding
CSEs in China are briefly introduced. This research aims at promoting the cooperation and exchange of information
on the development and cultivation of safety professionals between China and other countries, to offer
useful evidence and suggestions for the development of safety professionals. Keywords: Work safety and health | Safety professionals | China | Certified Safety Engineer (CSE) |
مقاله انگلیسی |
68 |
The analysis of the effects of acute rheumatic fever in childhood on cardiac disease with data mining
تجزیه و تحلیل اثرات تب روماتیسمی حاد در دوران کودکی بر بیماری های قلبی با داده کاوی-2019 Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is an important disease that is frequently seen in Turkey, it is necessary
to develop solutions to cure the disease. It is believed that new data analysis methods may be applied to
this disease, and this may be useful to discover previously unrecognized patterns. Data mining of existing records
and data repositories may improve knowledge on the diagnosis and management of ARF. In this regard, we
planned to make a contribution to the development of new solutions by approaching the problem from a different
standpoint.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of ARF undergone during childhood on the basis of
cardiac diseases by using data mining methods.
Materials and methods: Classification methods of data mining were used, and experiments were conducted on
five algorithms. The records of the patients diagnosed with ARF were analysed by setting models with naive
Bayes classifier, decision trees (CART, C4.5, C5.0, C5.0 boosted) and random forest algorithms. The performances
of the algorithms that were derived were then compared. Among model performance evaluation techniques,
the hold-out, cross-validation and bootstrap methods were tested in diverse ways in an applied manner.
Within the scope of the research, the dataset comprising records of 297 patients was utilised in cooperation with
İstanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital’s Pediatric Cardiology Clinic (İstanbul
Medeniyet Üniversitesi Göztepe Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Kardiyolojisi Kliniği). Data analysis was
carried out with the data of the remaining 201 patients following pre-processing.
Results: The results that were obtained from different algorithms were compared based on the model performance
evaluation criteria. The best result was shown under the CART model by using the hold-out technique
(80% training, 20% testing). According to this model, the importance values of the predictive attributes were
listed, and it was found that the “teleNormal” and “cardiomegaly” attributes were not required for ARF diagnosis
and treatment. In compliance with this result, it was thought that it should not be necessary for patients have a
chest x-ray which is needed for diagnosis of “teleNormal” and “cardiomegaly”. This will help reduce costs and
thus contribute to the health economy while preventing patients from having unnecessary x-rays.
Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study showed that data mining techniques may be used to analyse
diseases such as ARF. The important attributes that affect the disease were obtained in accordance with the
results. The results of the best model (CART) may be broadened in numerous ways and provide information for
both experienced and inexperienced physicians. This study is considered to be significant as it helps data mining
methods become more prevalently used for data analysis in fields of medicine and healthcare. Keywords: Data mining | Machine learning | Classifying methods | Naive bayes | C5.0 | CART | Random forest | Acute rheumatic fever | Acute rheumatic fever in childhood | ARF |
مقاله انگلیسی |
69 |
A correlation analysis of information use, social networks and cooperation consciousness in travel behaviors
تجزیه و تحلیل همبستگی استفاده از اطلاعات ، شبکه های اجتماعی و آگاهی همکاری در رفتارهای مسافرتی-2019 The rapid development of information and communication technologies, the availability of
various traveling information, and the wide use of social networks facilitate the selection of
the appropriate mode of transport in urban traveling. To better understand such selection
processes, this paper presents a hierarchical clustering analysis of the transport data collected
from some major cities in China for exploring the relationship between information
use, social networks, and cooperation consciousness of individual travelers. This leads to
the identification of three underlying patterns of cooperation consciousness behaviors
including the pro-social relation, the diversity average relation and the homogeneous random
relation. An analysis of such patterns shows that there is much to be done for enhancing
the social and environmental awareness of travelers in individual travel choices for the
sustainable development of urban traveling. This study contributes to the transportation
study through the provision of better understanding of the influence of information use
and social networks on conscious cooperation behaviors in urban traveling. The findings
are beneficial for developing a sustainable travel culture through information sharing
and conscious cooperation between and among travelers. Keywords: Transportation | Travel behavior | Information use | Social networks | Cooperation consciousness | Clustering analysis | Pattern recognition |
مقاله انگلیسی |
70 |
Ramifications of varying banking regulations on performance of Islamic Banks
مصوبات مختلف مقررات بانکی در مورد عملکرد بانکهای اسلامی-2019 Recent financial crises have highlighted the importance of banking regulations to hedge against the high risk accredited to imbalances in
banks balance sheets. Nonetheless, banking regulations may have adverse effects. On the one hand, they serve as prudential measures that
alleviate the effects of crises on the stability of the banking system while on the other hand; they may increase the cost of intermediation and
reduce banks profitability. Implementation of non-suitable regulations such as Islamic banks adopting conventional banks regulations could also
impair banks performance. This paper analyses the linkages between bank regulatory and supervisory structures associated with Basel IIIs
pillars has any significant impact on Islamic banks performance in Asia and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) using two-step Generalized
Methods of Moments (GMM) technique. Findings suggest that regulatory variables are positively significant with Islamic banks performance in
Asian region but not in the GCC. |
مقاله انگلیسی |