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نتیجه جستجو - Countries

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 977
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 The big picture on the internet of things and the smart city: a review of what we know and what we need to know
تصویر بزرگ در اینترنت اشیا و شهر هوشمند: مروری بر آنچه می‌دانیم و آنچه باید بدانیم-2022
This study examines how the application of the IoT in smart cities is discussed in the current academic literature. Based on bibliometric techniques, 1,802 articles were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed to identify the temporal nature of IoT research, the most relevant journals, authors, countries, keywords, and studies. The software tool VOSviewer was used to build the keyword co-occurrence network and to cluster the pertinent literature. Results show the significant growth of IoT research in recent years. The most productive authors, journals, and countries were also identified. The main findings from the keyword co-occurrence clustering and an in-depth qualitative analysis indicate that the IoT is used alongside other technologies including cloud computing, big data analytics, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and wireless telecommunication networks. The major applications of the IoT for smart cities include smart buildings, transportation, healthcare, smart parking, and smart grids. This review is one of the first attempts to map global IoT research in a smart city context and uses a comprehensive set of articles and bibliometric techniques to provide scholars and practitioners with an overview of what has been studied so far and to identify research gaps at the intersection of the IoT and the smart city.
keywords: اینترنت اشیا | شهر هوشمند | مرور | کتاب سنجی | Internet of things | Smart city | Review | Bibliometrics
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Accounting as a technology of neoliberalism: The accountability role of IPSAS in Nigeria
حسابداری به عنوان فناوری نئولیبرالیسم: نقش پاسخگویی IPSAS در نیجریه-2021
This paper critically examines the implications for Nigeria’s indebtedness of neoliberalism as a neo-colonial dependency concept and International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) as a technology of a new form of economic imperialism. As Nigeria’s huge oil and gas revenues continue to be lost to corruption, the country relies on loans from Paris Club countries and International Financial Institutions (IFIs), notably the World Bank. In 1999, when the country changed from military to democratic governance, Nigeria’s debt to the Paris Club and the World Bank was $30bn. With pressure from the Paris Club and the World Bank to repay its debts, the new democratic Nigerian government sought debt forgiveness and rescheduling. Although the World Bank, representing the creditors in debt negotiation, does not go into specific accounting standards to be adopted by debtor nations, the Bank does require Nigeria to embrace neoliberal economic reforms (including public sector reporting framework that produces consistently relevant and reliable financial information – which denotes IPSAS). Despite the partial debt forgiveness, repayment of the balance of the debt and adoption of IPSAS, Nigeria remains endemically corrupt, relies on loans from powerful nations and IFIs, and has again become debt-laden. Contrary to neoliberal assumptions therefore, we provide the evidence that better accounting may not necessarily be a panacea for economic development.
keywords: نئولیبرالیسم | موسسات مالی بین المللی (IFIS) | حسابداری بین المللی بخش دولتی | استانداردها (خود) | فساد | شفافیت و پاسخگویی | Neoliberalism | International Financial Institutions (IFIs) | International Public Sector Accounting | Standards (IPSAS) | Corruption | Transparency and Accountability
مقاله انگلیسی
3 A Nonrandomized Pretest Posttest Study on the Impact of an Educational Pain Management Program on Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pain in a Middle Eastern Country
یک مطالعه غیرتصادفی پیش آزمون پس آزمون در مورد تأثیر یک برنامه آموزشی مدیریت درد بر دانش و نگرش پرستاران در مورد درد در یک کشور خاورمیانه-2021
Background: Although nurse’s knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management has been sufficiently studied worldwide, the impact of an educational intervention program in improving such attitudes and knowledge has not been likewise researched, especially in Middle Eastern countries.
Aims: To examine nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain at a university hospital in Lebanon before and after the introduction of a pain management educational program. And to assess the relationship between the characteristic of nurses and their pain knowledge.
Methods: Design; A nonrandomized pretest posttest study design was used. Setting; A university hospital in Lebanon. Participants; Included 183 nurses using the Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain questionnaire. The pain educational intervention was based on the principles of Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior.
Results: A significant difference between the pre and post test scores was noted (p = .016). Questions answered correctly by 80% of participants were related to questions about pain, pain assessment and management, and questions related to medications, such as correct dosages and opioid side effects were not answered correctly by the majority of nurses. There were significant associations between test scores and the nurses’ educational level, their age, and their years of experience. Nurses who worked in critical care units, the emergency department and oncology had higher scores than nurses who worked on general units.
Conclusions: Despite the intensive pain education provided at our institution, the pain knowledge of nurses remains below that recommended level which indicates a dire need for more intensive and continuous education in order to provide a pain free environment.
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Solving constrained economic electrical energy generation and CO2 emission dispatch using hybrid algorithm
حل تولید انرژی الکتریکی اقتصادی محدود و ارسال CO2 با استفاده از الگوریتم ترکیبی-2021
Carbon foot print is latest hot discussion and all the countries are started the initiation to minimize it. One of the main carbon emission industries is thermal electrical power generating company. For the social welfare the emission has to minimize to maximum extend. The electrical power generation company as well needs to minimize the generation cost for the better operation. Minimizing carbon foot print and minimal power generation cost are opposite to each other. When the optimization focused to minimize the generation cost it lead to increase the carbon foot print and vice versa. This paper addresses the constraint the optimization problem which needs the objective of reducing both emission and generation cost. Electrical power generating cost of thermal power plant is nonlinear and non-convex in nature. Likewise the emission produced by the thermal power plant is complex mathematical problem. Intelligent algorithms are best suitable to solve these types of practical problems. In this paper hybrid of firefly algorithm and differential evolution technique is adopted to find the constrained emission minimization and cost minimization. Firefly algorithm works based on brightness, attractiveness and movement and there is no mutation process. Differential evolution technique has better mutation process and hence this mutation operation of differential evolution technique is introduced with firefly algorithm for the hybrid operation and to get better result. The research work is aimed to reduce the carbon foot print as well the generation cost of the power system.
Keywords: Economic dispatch | Emission dispatch | Intelligent algorithm | Hybrid algorithm | Firefly algorithm | Differential evaluation | Constraint optimization
مقاله انگلیسی
5 The dynamic linkages between current account deficit and budget balance deficit in the South Asian region
ارتباط پویا بین کسری حساب جاری و کسری تراز بودجه در منطقه جنوب آسیا-2021
The issue of twin imbalances is at the forefront of fiscal policy concerns in the South Asian region, fuelled by an ever-going budget deficit and current account deficit over the last five decades. A standard approach is to assume a model in which budget balance influences the current account. We relax this assumption by using a panel data vector autoregression model comprising five South Asian countries. The results show that both budget deficit and current account deficit are mutually causative, which contrasts the unidirectional causality running from fiscal deficit to current account deficit found in prior studies. Further, this bi-causality relationship is also demonstrated in the impulse response analyses. Budget balance in South Asian economies re- sponds positively to a one standard deviation positive shock in the current account balance. Likewise, external balance increases to a one standard deviation positive shock in internal bal- ance. Higher fiscal debt impedes economic growth, which in turn impacts negatively on the budget balance. Our findings lead us to reject ’fiscal policy only’ recommendations to address the twin deficits.
keywords: کسری دوقلو | مدل P-VAR | آزمون علیت پانل گرنجر | تابع پاسخ ضربه ای | آسیای جنوبی | Twin deficits | P-VAR model | Panel Granger causality test | Impulse response function | South Asia
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Midwives knowledge of pre-eclampsia management: A scoping review
دانش ماماها از مدیریت پیشکلامپسی: بررسی اسکاپ-2021
Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multi-organ disease affecting pregnant women from the second trimester onwards resulting in multiple adverse outcomes. Sub-optimal treatment of pre-eclampsia is linked with unfavorable outcomes. It is critical for midwives as primary providers to be competent in the diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia especially in low-and middle-income countries.
Aim: To identify what midwives’ around the world know about pre-eclampsia management. Methods: A scoping review using the JBI three-step search strategy was used to identify relevant research articles and grey literature on the subject. Database searches in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Databases, Web of Science, and Scopus yielded twenty papers in addition to nine guidelines from Google Scholar. The findings were synthesised using a metasynthesis approach and presented as themes.
Findings: Four themes were identified from the extracted data: Foundational knowledge of preeclampsia; Knowledge and management of a woman with pre-eclampsia according to guidelines; Knowledge of being prepared for emergency procedures and management of emergencies; Factors influencing knowledge. The first three themes addressed diagnosis and management whilst the last theme described how contextual factors led to either increased or decreased knowledge of preeclampsia.
Conclusion: Worldwide, practicing midwives lack knowledge on several aspects of pre-eclampsia diagnosis and care. Policies on in-service training should be oriented to include innovative nontraditional methods that have the potential to increase midwives’ knowledge.
keywords: ماماها | دانش | اطلاع | پیش از اکلامپسی | اختلالات فشار خون بالا بارداری | Midwives | Knowledge | Awareness | Pre-eclampsia | Hypertensive disorders pregnancy
مقاله انگلیسی
7 IFRS convergence and accounting quality: India a case study
همگرایی و کیفیت حسابداری IFRS: مطالعه موردی هند-2021
This study examines the impact on accounting quality in India after converging Indian generally accepted accounting principles (IGAAP) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The converged form of IGAAP is referred as Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS). Using a pre-and post-IFRS adoption period design, we compare the quality of accounting information reported under IGAAP and Ind AS. Our results show that accounting quality deteriorates immediately after the adoption of Ind AS. In particular, we document that the implementation of IFRS-converged standards results in lower variability in net income, a higher magnitude of discretionary accruals, less timely recognition of losses, and lower value relevance of reported earnings. Subsequent tests suggest that the deterioration in accounting quality ameliorates with the passage of time. The findings of the study suggest that there may be a learning curve for the benefits of IFRS adoption/convergence to diffuse over time through a system. Moreover, simply adopting or converging to IFRS without concurrent changes in institutional and enforcement frameworks may not result in improvements in accounting quality, especially in countries with weak regulatory jurisdictions. Consequently, more attention needs to be paid to implementation and diffusion issues, such as integrating IFRS intentionally in the University curriculum and providing workshops and continuing education courses to improve stakeholder familiarity with IFRS. Improvements in the institutional structures of financial reporting should also be implemented.
keywords: همگرایی | کیفیت حسابداری | هندوستان | IFRS | Convergence | Ind AS | Accounting quality | India
مقاله انگلیسی
8 The Impact of Low Fidelity Simulation on Nurse Competence in Active Management of Third Stage of Labor: An Intervention Study in Primary Health Care Settings in Tanzania
تأثیر شبیه سازی وفاداری کم در شایستگی پرستاران در مدیریت فعال مرحله سوم کار: یک مطالعه مداخله در تنظیمات مراقبت های بهداشتی اولیه در تانزانیا-2021
Background: Simulation-based training on obstetric management has demonstrated promising results. However, its impact has not been well documented particularly in low and middle income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to test the effectiveness of a low fidelity simulation-based training intervention in improving knowledge and skills of nurses on Active management of third stage of labor (AMTSL).
Methods: A quasi experimental study including 172 randomly selected nurses using low fidelity simulation-based training was conducted. Baseline, immediate and retention assessments were done.
Findings: Overall knowledge and skills on AMTSL were significantly improved after simulation training, skills retained even after six months.
Conclusions: A low fidelity simulation intervention showed positive change in knowledge and skills immediately after intervention and skills were highly retained even after six months of training.
keywords: Active Management of Third Stage of Labor | Knowledge | Skills | Dodoma | Tanzania
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Joint analysis of the non-linear debt-growth nexus and capital account liberalization: New evidence from sub-Saharan region
تحلیل مشترک پیوند غیرخطی رشد بدهی و آزادسازی حساب سرمایه: شواهد جدید از منطقه جنوب صحرا-2021
This paper conducts an empirical investigation of the debt-growth nexus at firm level. We exploit a panel of sub-Saharan firms observed over the period 2004–2014 to jointly assess the impact of debt and financial liberalization on firm growth measured in terms of sales. Using a system GMM estimator, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between debt and firm growth. However, the form of this relationship was reversed (U-shaped) by examining the joint effect of debt and capital account liberalization. This change results from the adoption of the policy of financial liberalization put in place by the regulatory authorities of the sub-Saharan countries. In addition, our results show that investment impact firm growth. Consequently, agency and trade-off theories are admitted. These findings may yield important policy implications. Policy makers must optimize financial decisions and adopt a gradual financial liberalization policy, thus ensuring the survival of sub-Saharan firms.
keywords: Firm financial structure | Financial liberalization | firm growth | sub-Saharan Africa | System GMM
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Prediction of forest parameters and carbon accounting under different fire regimes in Miombo woodlands, Niassa Special Reserve, Northern Mozambique
پیش بینی پارامترهای جنگلی و حسابداری کربن تحت رژیم های مختلف آتش سوزی در جنگل های میومبو، رزرو ویژه NIASSA، شمال موزامبیک-2021
Miombo woodlands are the most extensive dry forest type in southern Africa, covering ca. 1.9 million km2 across seven countries. Fire is a key ecosystem process that has structured miombo for the last 200,000 years. However, how fires affect the ecosystems functioning is not well understood. In this study, we used the individual-based forest model called FORMIND to analyze the carbon balance in the miombo woodlands of Niassa Special Reserve (NSR), northern Mozambique. The 42.000 km2 NSR represents the most important conservation area in Mozambique (~31% of the total conservation area in the country) and of miombo woodlands worldwide. Longterm inventory data from 2004 to 2019 for NSR were used to calibrate FORMIND. The primary ecosystem processes of this model are tree growth, mortality, regeneration, and competition. Fire is set as one of the main factors that affect these processes, after the woodland reaches an equilibrium at 200 years of age. We also calculated the Net Present Value (NPV) of carbon credits resulting from altering the fire regime (e.g., reducing or eliminating fires). The FORMIND model successfully reproduced important characteristics of the woodlands (aboveground biomass, stem size distribution and basal area). NPV estimates of above-ground woody biomass carbon stocks were highly dependent on the woodland age. The maximum NPV estimates were generated for a 30-year project starting with 200 year old woodlands (the current forest age) at 192–1339 USD based on a realistic range of carbon values (i.e., 3–20 USD MgCO2e− 1). While fire plays an important role in miombo woodlands by reducing stock and changing species composition, its effects on the capacity of the woodland to mitigate the effects of climate change varies depending on the age of stands. Our results show that FORMIND model reliably reproduce the field inventory data, thus can be used to improve carbon accounting standards. We recommend the development of a fire management system to sustain the miombo woodlands of NSR for multiple reasons. NSR is a globally significant protected area, but perhaps more importantly it could become a regional example for how to improve miombo woodland management. Given that miombo woodlands provide a myriad of ecosystem services to rural Africans, investing in improving fire management could increase the benefits to local communities. Altering fire regimes could improve habitat quality and promote greater resilience to climate change while sequestering carbon. In addition, local employment opportunities in fire management could be created via carbon financing from a carbon project. However, much more outreach and education will be needed to local and national stakeholders for fire management to be perceived more positively and realize the potential to generate multiple benefits for nature and people.
keywords: مدل GAP Formind | دینامیک اکوسیستم | حسابداری کربن | مدیریت آتش نشانی | خط مشی آتش | FORMIND gap model | Ecosystem dynamics | Carbon accounting | Fire management | Fire policy
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