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Do FOI laws and open government data deliver as anti-corruption policies? Evidence from a cross-country study
آیا قوانین FOI و داده های دولت آزاد به عنوان سیاست های ضد فساد ارائه می شود؟ شواهدی از یک مطالعه متقابل کشور-2020 In election times, political parties promise in their manifestos to pass reforms increasing access to government
information to root out corruption and improve public service delivery. Scholars have already offered several
fascinating explanations of why governments adopt transparency policies that constrain their choices. However,
knowledge of their impacts is limited. Does greater access to information deliver on its promises as an anticorruption
policy? While some research has already addressed this question in relation to freedom of information
laws, the emergence of new digital technologies enabled new policies, such as open government data.
Its effects on corruption remain empirically underexplored due to its novelty and a lack of measurements. In this
article, I provide the first empirical study of the relationship between open government data, relative to FOI
laws, and corruption. I propose a theoretical framework, which specifies conditions necessary for FOI laws and
open government data to affect corruption levels, and I test it on a novel cross-country dataset. The results
suggest that the effects of open government data on corruption are conditional upon the quality of media and
internet freedom. Moreover, other factors, such as free and fair elections, independent and accountable judiciary,
or economic development, are far more critical for tackling corruption than increasing access to information.
These findings are important for policies. In particular, digital transparency reforms will not yield
results in the anti-corruption fight unless robust provisions safeguarding media and internet freedom complement
them. Keywords: freedom of information | open government data | transparency | accountability | corruption | media and internet freedom | cross-country analysis |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Entrepreneurial activity and economic growth: A multi-country analysis
فعالیت کارآفرینی و رشد اقتصادی: تحلیل چند کشور-2020 Most scientific literature assumes that entrepreneurial activity, in a broad sense, is positive for economic
growth. Our work analyses 74 economies in a period of 6 years, identifying those factors related simultaneously with an entrepreneurial spirit and economic growth. The results enable to know the impact of a
specific factor on entrepreneurship and economic growth. Additionally, we suggest that entrepreneurial
activity plays a different role depending on the economic stage of the country in question. On the other
hand, less developed countries should not be based on generic entrepreneurship if the objective they
pursue is to promote economic growth.
Keywords: Entrepreneurial activity | Entrepreneurship | Economic growth | Developing countries | Developed countries |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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The impact of financial development, IFRS, and rule of LAW on foreign investments: A cross-country analysis
تأثیر توسعه مالی ، IFRS و قاعده قانون در سرمایه گذاری های خارجی: یک تحلیل متقابل کشور-2020 Financial development, which refers to an improvement in financial structure, plays an
important role in exchanging of goods and services; enables efficient allocation of economic
resources among alternative uses; monitors managers effectively; exerts corporate control, and
stimulates international capital flows (Cihak, et al., 2012; Goldsmith, 1969; Levine, 1997; Sahay,
et al., 2015).1 According to Calderón and Liu (2003), financial development is defined as an
improvement in quantity, quality, and efficiency of financial intermediary services. It is a
generic, multifaceted phenomenon measured by a variety of indicators including market
capitalization, the ratio of market capitalization to GDP, the ratio of value of stocks traded to
GDP, stocks traded turnover ratio, and domestic credits provided by banking sector (Bascom,
1994, p. 3; Levine, 2002; Pagano, 1993). |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Does self-regulation provide legal protection and security to e-commerce consumers?
آیا خود - تنظیمی حفاظت قانونی و امنیت را برای مشتریان تجارت الکترونیک فراهم می کند؟-2018 The development of e-commerce has reformed traditional commerce, subjecting consumers in e-commerce transactions to greater risks, while offering only a weak bargaining position when it comes to their rights. This study analyzes self-regulation as an effective means for providing legal protection and consumer security in e-commerce transactions. Using the normative legal research method, the study shows there is a difference between the United States and the European Union in the application of self-regulation. The United States focuses on a model of self-regulation, while the European Union places more emphasis on the United State’s role through legislation that provides legal protection for e-commerce consumers, and Indonesia has not yet specifically regulated the protection of data privacy or used self-regulation in e-commerce transactions. Self-regulation by business actors is urgent to ensure consumer rights in e-commerce transactions are fulfilled. The findings suggest an effective model for implementing self-regulation marries the existing systems in the United States and the European Union.
keywords: Consumer security |Country analysis |Customer privacy |Data protection |E-commerce |European Union |Indonesia |Legal issues |Self-regulation |United States |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Asia-Pacific news
اخبار آسیا و اقیانوس آرام-2016 This column provides a country by country analysis of the latest legal developments, cases
and issues relevant to the IT, media and telecommunications industries in key jurisdictions across the Asia Pacific region. The articles appearing in this column are intended to
serve as ‘alerts’ and are not submitted as detailed analyses of cases or legal developments.
Keywords: Asia-Pacific | IT/information technology | Communications | Internet | Media | Law |
مقاله انگلیسی |