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نتیجه جستجو - Covid-19

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 108
ردیف عنوان نوع
61 Improvement strategies of food supply chain through novel food processing technologies during COVID-19 pandemic
استراتژی های بهبود زنجیره تأمین مواد غذایی از طریق فن آوری های جدید پردازش مواد غذایی در طی بیماری همه گیر COVID-19-2021
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2). No medical intervention has yet succeeded, though vaccine success is expected soon. However, it may take months or years to reach the vaccine to the whole population of the world. Therefore, the technological preparedness is worth to discuss for the smooth running of food processing activities. We have explained the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food supply chain (FSC) and then discussed the technological interventions to overcome these impacts. The novel and smart technologies during food processing to minimize human-to-human and human-to-food contact were compiled. The potential virus-decontamination technologies were also dis- cussed. Finally, we concluded that these technologies would make food processing activities smarter, which would ultimately help to run the FSC smoothly during COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Novel-coronavirus | Food-processing | Novel-technology | Intelligent-technology | Smart-monitoring | Smart-detection
مقاله انگلیسی
62 Surveying the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) on the poultry supply chain: A mixed methods study
بررسی تأثیر ویروس کرونا (COVID-19) بر زنجیره تأمین طیور: مطالعه روش های ترکیبی-2021
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has affected all supply chains through severe disruption of logistics activities, production, and markets. This study aimed to survey the impact of the coronavirus on the poultry supply chain using an exploratory sequential mixed design. We first addressed those stages of the poultry supply chain disrupted in an ongoing pandemic, and then elaborated particular disturbances associated with each stage. This study was based on data collected from Iranian poultry industry owners and experts who had sufficient experience in agricultural supply chains as well. As the qualitative phase, the content analysis was conducted to identify the impacts of the coronavirus on the poultry supply chain. The results and conclusions that emerged from the qualitative phase were refined and weighted by the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) respectively, in the quantitative phase. The results suggested that the pandemic has further affected the input supply as a stage in the poultry supply chain. This is probably because of the fact that the poultry industry is heavily dependent on inputs’ flow. In addition, supply chain governance was seriously impaired due to the persistence of the pandemic. The coronavirus pandemic has significantly affected the stages that are most reliant on transportation. Finally, we found that a part of the disruptions that occur in the downstream of the supply chain is due to the epidemic’s direct adverse effects, and another part is due to indirect consequences received from the upstream. Our findings and implications can be useful in decision-making procedures during ongoing epidemics.
Keywords: Poultry supply chain | Coronavirus (COVID-19) | Supply chain disruptions | Input supply
مقاله انگلیسی
63 A Review of Food Fraud and Food Authenticity across the Food Supply Chain, with an Examination of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Brexit on Food Industry
مروری بر تقلب غذایی و اصالت مواد غذایی در سراسر زنجیره تأمین مواد غذایی ، با بررسی تأثیر همه گیر COVID-19 و Brexit در صنایع غذایی-2021
Background Food fraud is the deliberate and intentional act of substituting, altering or misrepresenting foodstuff for financial gain. Economical motivations for food fraud result in criminals focusing on opportunities to commit fraud rather than targeting specific products, thus reducing the probability of food fraud being detected. Although primarily for financial gain, food fraud can impact consumer wellbeing. Therefore, authenticating food is a key stage in protecting consumers and the supply chain. Food manufacturers, processors and retailers are increasingly fighting back as occurrences of food fraud become more prevalent, resulting in a greater focus on detection and prevention.
Scope and approach
The aim of this review paper is to highlight and assess food fraud and authenticity throughout the food supply chain. Food fraud is a significant issue across the food industry, with many high-profile cases coming to public attention. Hence, this paper shall discuss the impact of food fraud on both consumers and manufacturers, the current and future trends in food fraud and methods of defence that are currently in use. Furthermore, emerging issues, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit, shall be discussed alongside the challenges they yield in terms of food fraud detection and prevention.
Key findings and conclusions
The incidence of food fraud is diverse across the sector, rendering it difficult to quantify and detect. As such, there are numerous food safety and traceability systems in use to ensure the safety and authenticity of food. However, as food fraud continues to diversify and evolve, current methods of detection for guaranteeing authenticity will be drastically challenged. Issues, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit, have instigated increased demand for food. This combined with reduced industry inspections, weakened governance, audits and ever-increasing pressure on the food industry has exposed greater weaknesses within an already complex system.
KEYWORDS: Food Fraud | Food Authenticity | Food Supply Chain | COVID-19 Pandemic | Brexit | Traceability Systems
مقاله انگلیسی
64 Machine Learning and Deep Learning Applications-A Vision
یادگیری ماشین و برنامه های کاربردی یادگیری عمیق-چشم انداز-2021
The application of artificial intelligence is machine learning which is one of the current topics in the computer field as well as for the new COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have given a lot of input to enhance the precision of machine learning algorithms and lot of work is carried out rapidly to enhance the intelligence of machines. Learning, a natural process in human behavior that also becomes a vital part of machines as well. Besides this, another concept of deep learning comes to play its major role. Deep neural network (deep learning) is a subgroup of machine learning. Deep learning had been analyzed and implemented in various applications and had shown remarkable results thus this field needs wider exploration which can be helpful for further real-world applications. The main objective of this paper is to provide insight survey for machine learning along with deep learning applications in various domains. Also, some applications with new normal COVID-19 blues. A review on already present applications and currently going on applications in several domains, for machine learning along with deep neural learning are exemplified.
Keywords: Deep neural learning (DL) | Machine Learning (ML) | Machine intelligence (artificial intelligence-AL)
مقاله انگلیسی
65 Knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic practitioners during COVID-19 pandemic in Arab countries
دانش، نگرش و عملکرد پزشکان قانونی در طول همه گیری COVID-19 در کشورهای عربی-2021
COVID-19 pandemic burdens forensic practice worldwide. The experience of crisis management is a lesson learned that guides future preparedness for similar casualties. Thus, the present study takes an in-depth look at the knowledge, attitude, and practice of forensic practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Arab world. A comprehensive questionnaire was adopted in compliance with optimum international standards for the management of deaths during the pandemic. The survey was electronically distributed in 13 Arab countries. The responses were received from 29 forensic practitioners from 11 countries. Total median knowledge, attitude, and practice scores of respondents constituted 37.9%, 74%, and 36.8% of optimum scores respectively. Regarding knowledge, better scores are related to risk assessment and routes of exposure to Coronavirus, whereas, least scores were related to ventilation and negative pressure system. Most of the participants had a positive attitude, 85.2% were concerned about proper management of COVID-19 deaths, and 77.8% trusted the decisions of their teams. Considering practice, better scores are related to forensic staff competence, whereas, least scores were related to the implementation of ideal safety measures. Participants described the management process as useful (52%), reliable (35%), high quality (21%), and cost-effective (17%), however, they expressed challenges as staff infection, limited resources, and infrastructure issues. This survey guides readjusting of procedures and future preparedness for similar disasters in the Arab world. This research adopted a questionnaire that could be used in initial and periodic assessments in any medicolegal institute worldwide. Also, it could support infrastructure projects and disaster management plans.
keywords: تمرینکنندگان قانونی | دانش | نگرش | کشورهای عربی | پاندمی کووید 19 | Forensic practitioners | Knowledge | Attitude | Arab countries | COVID-19 pandemic
مقاله انگلیسی
66 شدت و پتانسیل انتقال کرونا در کره جنوبی
سال انتشار: 2020 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 6 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 14
اهداف: ازآنجایی که اولین مورد کروناویروس جدید 2019(کوید-19) در 20 ژانویۀ 2020 در کرۀ شمالی شناسایی شد، تعداد موارد به سرعت افزایش یافت به طوری که تا 6 مارس 2020، منجربه ابتلای6284 مورد و فوت42 نفر شد. اولین تحقیق درمورد گزارش تعداد تکثیر کوید-19 در کرۀ جنوبی را برای بررسی سرعت شیوع بیماری، ارائه می دهیم.
روش کار: موارد روزانۀ تأیید شدۀ کوید-19 در کرۀ جنوبی از منابع عمومی موجود استخراج شد. با استفاده از توزیع تجربی گزارشات دارای تأخیر و شبیه سازی مدل رشد کلی، تعداد تکثیر مؤثر را برمبنای توزیع احتمال گسستۀ فاصلۀ زایشی ارزیابی کردیم.
نتایج: چهار گروه اصلی را شناسایی و تعداد تکثیر را 1.5(1.6-1.4 CI: 95%) برآورد کردیم. به علاوه، نرخ رشد طبیعی 0.6 (0.7، 0.6 CI: 95%) و مقیاس بندی پارامتر رشد 0.8 (0.8،0.7 CI: 95%) برآورد شدند، که نشان-دهندۀ پویایی رشد زیر نمایی کوید-19 می باشد. نرخ مرگ و میر موارد خام در بین مردان (1.1%) در مقایسه با زنان (0.4%) بیشتر است و با افزایش سن افزایش می یابد.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج ما انتقال پایدار اولیۀ کوید-19 در کرۀ جنوبی را نشان می دهد و از اجرای اقدامات فاصله گذاری اجتماعی برای کنترل سریع شیوع بیماری حمایت می کند.
کلمات کلیدی: کروناویروس | کوید-19 | کره | تعداد تکثیر
مقاله ترجمه شده
67 Does debt relief irresistibly attract banks as honey attracts bees? Evidence from low-income countries debt relief programs
آیا تسکین بدهی ها به طرز مقاومت ناپذیری بانک ها را جذب می کند همانطور که عسل زنبورها را جذب می کند؟ شواهدی از برنامه های کاهش بدهی کشورهای کم درآمد-2020
The Covid-19 crisis has recently rekindled discussions about debt relief, leading official lenders to grant a moratorium on low-income countries’ external public debt service. Private creditors, which had massively invested in LICs (especially in Africa), have been so far relatively spared. But would they keep lending to these countries if a new wave of debt write-offs were to occur? Building on the two largest debt relief programs for LICs, namely the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC) and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), we investigate whether debt relief leads international private creditors to withdraw or to resume lending to beneficiary governments. Using a difference-in-differences approach, our results suggest that debt relief has fostered borrowing from private creditors, and identify the absence of reputational effects and the short-term horizon of private creditors as the key drivers that made renewed access to the credit market possible.
Keywords: Debt relief | International credit markets | Sovereign debt | Low-income countries
مقاله انگلیسی
68 European airline response to the COVID-19 pandemic – Contraction, consolidation and future considerations for airline business and management
پاسخ هواپیمایی اروپا به بیماری همه گیر COVID-19 - انقباض ، ادغام و ملاحظات آینده برای تجارت و مدیریت هواپیمایی-2020
The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting travel restrictions and fall in consumer demand led to a dramatic and unprecedented reduction in passenger flights across Europe. As borders closed, national Governments advised against all but essential travel and passenger demand disappeared, European airlines were forced to quickly respond to the downturn and impose unprecedented cost saving measures to protect their business. The aim of this paper is to examine the ways in which major European passenger airlines responded to the height of the COVID-19 crisis in the period March – May 2020. Using data from Euro control, the European network manager, the paper identifies the responses individual airline operators and parent companies took to contract and consolidate their operations. The findings show that changes to flight operations, rationalizing the fleet, reducing staff numbers, and reconfiguring their networks and capacity were the most common responses. The paper concludes by discussing future considerations for airline business and management as European carriers seek to restructure their operations and adapt to a new post-COVID reality.
Keywords: Airlines | COVID | Demand | Business responses | Europe
مقاله انگلیسی
69 Coopetition and COVID-19: Collaborative business-to-business marketing strategies in a pandemic crisis
Coopetition و COVID-19: استراتژی های مشارکتی بازاریابی از کسب و کار در یک بحران همه گیر-2020
Although coopetition (simultaneous cooperation and competition) should positively affect company perfor- mance, it is unclear how implementation of these business-to-business marketing strategies can take place during large-scale emergencies. Therefore, guided by resource-based theory and the relational view, this investigation examines how organisations have used coopetition to cope with the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Key examples include retailers sharing information about stock levels, pharmaceutical organisations working together to develop a vaccine, technological giants collaborating for the greater good, and charities forming alliances for a joint cause. This paper strengthens the extant literature by highlighting the heterogeneity of coopetition strategies that firms can use within a global crisis. Practitioners must balance the risks and rewards of coopetition activities. In turn, they should decide whether to continue to cooperate with their competitors once the pandemic has ended, or resume operating under individualistic business models. This article ends with some future research directions.
Keywords: Coopetition | Coronavirus | COVID-19 | Business-to-business marketing
مقاله انگلیسی
70 Resilience to crises of Thai MICE stakeholders: A longitudinal study of the destination image of Thailand as a MICE destination
مقاومت در برابر بحران های ذینفعان MICE تایلند: مطالعه طولی تصویر مقصد تایلند به عنوان مقصد MICE-2020
The COVID-19 outbreak has changed rapidly the business operation and travel behavior of global communities and calls for research on resilience. This study aims to identify the changing destination image of Thailand as a MICE destination during crises and examine the resilience of Thai MICE stakeholders. A mixed method of qualitative and quantitative design was employed using interviews, observations and questionnaire surveys. A longitudinal study of Thai MICE stakeholders during 14 years revealed that the Buddhist concepts of resilience and Thainess contribute to psychological resilience. Buddhism and Thainess cultivate the concept of crisis concierge. Surveys showed unchanged image of exhibition facilities during the political instability. Thailands incentive travel benefits from the availability of bleisure (a combination of business and leisure) attractions. Good value for money, Thai hospitality, bleisure attractions, and international standard venues are key resilient factors.
Keywords: Destination image | Risk perception | Crisis management | Political instability | Meeting | Incentive travel | Convention | Exhibition (MICE) stakeholders | Thailand | Thainess | Buddhism | Business travelers
مقاله انگلیسی
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