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نتیجه جستجو - Criminal careers

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 4
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Classification of patterns of offending in developmental and life-course criminology, with special reference to persistence
طبقه بندی الگوهای جرم در رشد جرم شناسی در دوره زندگی ، با اشاره خاص به پایداری-2020
Developmental and life-course criminology can be differentiated from other types of criminology by its focus on, and appreciation of, change over time in antisocial behaviour and offending, using longitudinal research. This approach emerged from a long history of longitudinal studies which culminated in the articulation of the ‘criminal careers’ perspective in the mid 1980s. Since then there have been numerous analyses and developmental and life-course theories which have attempted to explain and classify patterns of offending and antisocial behaviour over time. In this paper we consider various methods used to classify these behaviours, using the examination of persistent antisocial behaviour and offending as a case study. While sophisticated analytic techniques exist, we argue that in the case of identifying persistent offending, a focus on the duration of offending is the key consideration.
Keywords: Developmental and life-course criminology | Classification | Persistence | Group-based | Trajectory models | Latent growth curve
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Fledgling psychopaths at midlife: Forensic features, criminal careers, and coextensive psychopathology
روانپزشکان نوپا در میانسالی: ویژگی های پزشکی قانونی ، مشاغل جنایی و آسیب شناسی روانی همزمان-2020
Lynams fledgling psychopathy hypothesis advanced that youth who manifest Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), and ADHD display many behaviors that are consistent with psychopathy seen among adults, but research support for it is equivocal. We know littleabout the developmental course of fledgling psychopathy into adulthood and even less is known about its comorbidity at midlife. Drawing on data from a near population of federal correctional clients in the Midwestern United States, the current study employed a retrospective design to compare those who had lifetime diagnoses for ODD, CD, and ADHD to other correctional clients. Fledgling psychopathy was significantly correlated with multiple substance use disorders, forensic features indicative of a criminal lifestyle (e.g., gang activity, gunshot and stab wounds), and diverse forms of mental illness and personality disorders. Fledgling psychopaths had significantly earlier starting, extensive, and more violent criminal careers than other clients, and fledgling psychopathy was associated more career arrest charges and with 544% increased odds of being in the 90th percentile for career arrest charges. These findings are consistent with fledgling psychopathy and its traversing association with coextensive psychopathology and behavioral impairment at midlife.
Keywords: Fledgling psychopathy | Offenders | Forensic | Criminal careers | Psychopathology
مقاله انگلیسی
3 What’s drugs got to do with it? Examining the relationship between drug onset and duration with criminal outcomes in an African American cohort
چه داروهایی با آن ارتباط دارند؟ بررسی رابطه بین شروع دارو و مدت زمان با نتایج جنایی در یک گروه آفریقایی آمریکایی-2020
Background: The association of drug use onset and duration with criminal careers has rarely been studied over the life course among African Americans, who are disproportionately impacted by the criminal justice system. Methods: This study uses data from a community cohort of urban African Americans, first assessed at age 6 (n = 1242) and followed into midlife. Data come from both self-reports (n = 1053 in adulthood) and official crime records (n = 1217). Regression analyses among those who used marijuana, cocaine, and/or heroin and had complete arrest data (n = 614) assess the association between adolescent vs. adult initiation, short vs. long duration of use, and their interaction with the outcomes of arrest, incarceration, and criminal career length, as well as meeting criteria for a drug use disorder. Results: Findings show that onset and duration are highly related, but when independent effects of duration and onset are assessed, only duration is a statistically significant predictor of all four crime outcomes, as well as a predictor of meeting criteria for a drug use disorder in adjusted regression models. Associations of duration with arrests held for all crime types (i.e., drug, property, violence). Adolescent vs. adult drug onset only predicted meeting lifetime criteria for a drug use disorder. The interaction of onset and duration was not statistically significant in any models. No appreciable differences were observed in gender specific models. Discussion: Findings suggest that shortening drug use duration may have a greater impact on reducing the association of drug use with crime for African Americans than delaying onset.
Keywords: Drug use trajectory | Drug use initiation | Criminal justice system involvement | Longitudinal data
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Unsuccessful life style in middle-aged official and self-reported types of offenders
سبک زندگی ناموفق در مقام میانسال و انواع خود گزارش مجرمان-2019
Purpose: This research investigates how types of convicted offenders (C-types: life-course-persistent; adolescence- limited; late-onset; non-offenders) compare with the corresponding types of self-reported offenders (SRtypes: SR-LCP; SR-AL; SR-LO; SR-NO) in life adjustment. Methods: In the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, 411 London males have been followed up from age 8 to age 48 in face-to-face interviews, and from age 8 to 61 in criminal records. This article focuses on the unsuccessful life style scale based on interviews at ages 32 and 48. Results: Both convicted and self-reported offenders manifested a more unsuccessful life style in comparison with C-NO and SR-NO. Physical fights, and high alcohol and drug abuse featured in the lives of C-LCP and C-AL at age 32, and in the lives of all C-type offenders at age 48. SR-LCP and SR-AL reported higher levels of alcohol and drug use in comparison with SR-NO, while SR-LO reported a higher level of drug use. Conclusions: Criminality is one aspect, and not the most important one, that impinges upon the quality of life. Other dimensions contribute to altering life-adjustment. Addressing these issues might promote an improvement in the quality of life in adult offenders, and foster criminal desistance.
Keywords: Criminal careers | Official offenders | Self-reported offenders | Unsuccessful life style | Adult life adjustment
مقاله انگلیسی
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