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1 |
Aging out of adolescent delinquency: Results from a longitudinal sample of youth and young adults
پیر شدن از بزهکاری در نوجوانان: نتایج حاصل از یک نمونه طولی از جوانان و بزرگسالان-2019 One of the most consistent findings to emerge from criminological research is the age-crime curve. To date,
however, there has not been much consensus regarding the mechanism(s) that are responsible for creating the
distribution of crime across age. The current study uses this backdrop as a springboard to examine the potential
factors that might account for why some adolescents who are heavily involved in nonviolent and violent delinquency
“age out” of crime and delinquency during the transition to adulthood whereas others persist with
such behavior. To do so, data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)
are analyzed. The results reveal relatively inconsistent effects of multiple socialization and individual differences
measures on the aging out process across multiple time periods. Two measures—delinquent peers and low selfcontrol—
however, do have some statistically significant effects on some of the aging out measures. The potential
reasons for the results are discussed and directions for future research are offered. Keywords: Add health | Age-crime | Aging out | Delinquency | Socialization |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
The effectiveness of DNA databases in relation to their purpose and content: A systematic review
اثربخشی پایگاه داده های DNA در ارتباط با هدف و محتوای آنها: یک مرور سیستماتیک-2019 Different stakeholders use forensic DNA databases for different purposes; for example, law enforcement
agencies use them as an investigative tool to identify suspects, and criminologists use them to study the
offending patterns of unidentified suspects. A number of researchers have already studied their
effectiveness, but none has performed an overview of the relevant literature. Such an overview could help
future researchers and policymakers by evaluating their creation, use and expansion. Using a systematic
review, this article synthesizes the most relevant research into the effectiveness of forensic DNA
databases published between January 1985 and March 2018. We report the results of the selected studies
and look deeper into the evidence by evaluating the relationship between the purpose, content, and
effectiveness of DNA databases, three inseparable elements in this type of research. We classify the
studies by purposes: (i) detection and clearance; (ii) deterrence; and (iii) criminological scientific
knowledge. Each category uses different measurements to evaluate effectiveness. The majority of these
studies report positive results, supporting the assumption that DNA databases are an effective tool for the
police, society, and criminologists. Keywords: DNA database | Systematic review | Effectiveness | Police investigation | Criminological research |
مقاله انگلیسی |