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نتیجه جستجو - Cross-sector

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 21
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Lessons learned from development of natural capital accounts in the United States and European Union
درس های آموخته شده از توسعه حساب های سرمایه طبیعی در ایالات متحده و اتحادیه اروپا-2021
The United States and European Union (EU) face common challenges in managing natural capital and balancing conservation and resource use with consumption of other forms of capital. This paper synthesizes findings from 11 individual application papers from a special issue of Ecosystem Services on natural capital accounting (NCA) and their application to the public and private sectors in the EU and U.S. NCA is inherently a data-integration centered exercise, aiming to draw new insights by realigning environmental and economic data into a consis- tent framework. Drawing primarily on papers from the special issue and other key NCA literature, we identify lessons learned and gaps remaining for NCA’s development and application to decision making. In doing so, we identify eight key similarities and three major differences in NCA development, status, and application between the U.S. and EU. NCA can be highly policy relevant: special issue papers address critical issues including agri- culture, water, conservation/land-use planning, climate, and corporate decision making. In both the U.S. and EU, further application is needed to drive demand for the accounts’ production. Based on these experiences, the U.S. and EU can be important leaders in cross-sector, international collaboration toward next-generation environ- mental economic accounts that advance global NCA practice.
keywords: حسابداری طبیعی سرمایه | حسابداری بخش خصوصی | سیستم حسابداری محیطی-اقتصادی- | ING (رادیو) | چارچوب مرکزی Seea | حسابداری اکوسیستم Seea | Natural capital accounting | Private-sector accounting | System of Environmental-Economic Account- | ing (SEEA) | SEEA Central Framework | SEEA Ecosystem Accounting
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Time management: Improving the timing of post-prostatectomy radiotherapy, clinical trials, and knowledge translation
مدیریت زمان: بهبود زمان رادیوتراپی پس از پروستاتکتومی، آزمایشات بالینی و ترجمه دانش-2021
Background: Management of prostate cancer after surgery is controversial. Past studies on adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) for higher-risk features have had conflicting results. Through the collaborative conversations of the global radiation oncology Twitter-based journal club (#RadOnc #JC), we explored this complex topic to share recent advances, better understand what the global radiation oncology community felt was important and inspire next steps. Methods: We selected the recent publication of a landmark international randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing immediate and salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer, RADICALS-RT, for discussion over the weekend of January 16 to 17, 2021. Coordination included open access to the article and an asynchronous portion to decrease barriers to participation, cooperation of study authors (CP, MS) who participated to share deeper insights including a live hour, and curation of related resources and tweet content through a blog post and Wakelet journal club summary. Discussion of Results: Our conversations created 2,370,104 impressions over 599 tweets with 51 participants spanning 11 countries and 5 continents. A quarter of the participants were from the US (13/51) followed by 10% from the UK (5/51). Clinical or Radiation Oncologists comprised 59% of active participants (16/27) with 62% (18/29) reporting giving aRT within the last 5 years. Discussion was interdisciplinary with three urologists (11%), three trainees (11%), and two physiotherapists (7%). Four months after the journal club its article Altmetric score had increased by 7% (214 to 229). Thematic analysis of tweet content suggested participants wanted clarification on definitions of adjuvant (aRT) and salvage radiotherapy (sRT) including indications, timing, and decision-making tools including guidelines; more interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral collaboration including with patients for study design including survivorship and meaningful outcomes; more effective knowledge translation including faster clinical trials; and more data including mature results of current trials, particular high-risk features (Gleason Group 4+, pT4b+, and margin-positive disease), implications of newer technologies such as PSMA-PET and genomic classifiers, and better explanations for practice pattern variations including underutilization of radiotherapy. This was further explored in the context of relevant literature. Conclusion: Together, this global collaborative review on the postoperative management of prostate cancer suggested a stronger signal for the uptake of early salvage radiation treatment with careful PSA monitoring, more sensitive PSA triggers, and expected access to radiotherapy. Questions still remain on potential exceptions and barriers to use. These require better decision-making tools for all practice settings, consideration of newer technologies, more pragmatic trials, and better use of social media for knowledge translation.
Keywords: Prostate radiotherapy | Adjuvant radiation | Salvage radiation | Journal club
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Beware suppliers bearing gifts!: Analysing coverage of supply chain cyber security in critical national infrastructure sectorial and cross-sectorial frameworks
مراقب تأمین کنندگان هدیه باشید!: تجزیه و تحلیل پوشش امنیت سایبری زنجیره تامین در زیرساخت های مهم ملی بخش های بخشی و بین بخشی-2021
Threat actors are increasingly targeting extended supply chains and abusing client-supplier trust to conduct third-party compromise. Governments are concerned about targeted attacks against critical national infrastructures, where compromise can have significant adverse national consequences. In this paper we identify and review advice and guidance offered by authorities in the UK, US, and the EU regarding Cyber Supply Chain Risk Management (C-SCRM). We then conduct a review of sector specific guidance in the three regions for the chemical, energy, and water sectors. We assessed frameworks that each region’s sector offered organisations for C-SCRM suitability. Our results found a range of interpretations for “Supply Chain” that resulted in a diversity in the quantity and quality of advice offered by regional authorities, sectors, and their frameworks. This is exacerbated by the lack of a common taxonomy to support supply chain procurement and risk management that has led to limited coverage in most C-SCRM programs. Our results highlight the need for a taxonomy regarding C-SCRM and systematic guidance (both general and sector specific) to enable controls to be deployed to mitigate against supply chain risk. We provide an outline taxonomy based on our data analysis to promote further discussion and research.
Keywords: Cyber security | Supply chain | Risk management | Critical national infrastructure | Common taxonomy
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Exploring the role of the sharing economy in disasters management
بررسی نقش اقتصاد مشترک در مدیریت بلایا-2020
Improvements in information and communications technologies (ICTs) have facilitated the inclusion of the sharing economy (SE) in societies more than ever. In the aftermath of recent disasters, the SE played significant roles to help the affected people and support official responders. However, the literature has not effectively explored these roles, and thus, no framework can support the systematic inclusion of the SE in disasters management. This paper aims to address the gap through a two-stage exploratory research approach. First, we conduct a systematic literature review to identify the extent to which the SE is taken into consideration in disasters. After that, we investigate the role of three Iranian SE-based companies that were involved in the 2019 Iran floods response. We collect empirical data by conducting semi-structured interviews and reviewing official reports. Our findings indicate that very few studies discuss the different roles of the SE in disasters, although SE companies have often provided effective solutions to address critical post-disaster logistics challenges. Four research propositions are presented to describe emerging roles for SE companies. The contribution of our study is twofold. First, our research identifies the different roles that the SE could play in disasters and therefore, brings a new perspective to the literature. Second, the study suggests opportunities for collaboration and partnership models from the point of origin to delivery that can support coordination and logistics in disasters.
Keywords: Sharing economy | Disaster management | Cross-sector collaboration | The 2019 Iran floods
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Land–water–energy nexus in agricultural management for greenhouse gas mitigation
پیوند زمین و آب و انرژی در مدیریت کشاورزی برای کاهش گازهای گلخانه ای-2020
Agriculture plays an important role in global climate change. The interaction and efficiency of use of land, water, and energy in agricultural activities are the principal factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and food production. However, comprehensive analysis exploring the mechanism of the land–water–energy system in agricultural production remains lacking. This study developed such a framework based on regional agricultural GHG emissions by combining top-down analysis that considered cross-sectoral interactions with bottom-up analysis that addressed the context-specific conditions of resources and technology. We employed the proposed framework to analyze the interaction of land–water–energy and factors influencing agricultural GHG emissions and to explore mitigation measures based on a case study of the Sanjiang Plain (China). Results showed cropland on the Sanjiang Plain produced 1.8 million tonnes of protein and released 10.9 million tonnes of CO2eq in 2015 using 3.0 million ha of arable land, 12.1 billion m3 of water, and 100.4 PJ of energy. Owing to their high input of resources and flooded cultivation, rice fields produced 29% of total crop protein but consumed 51% of total crop water use, 43% of total crop energy use, and emitted 54% of total crop GHG (CO2eq). Structural adjustment through conversion of half the paddy fields into dryland crops (e.g., wheat) could mitigate GHG emissions by 18.8% in 2020 compared with the baseline scenario. However, such change would be almost impossible given the Sanjiang Plain is one of China’s most important rice-producing areas. If integrated technology improvements were adopted, e.g., advanced crop–soil nutrition management, groundwater protection measures, water-saving irrigation technology, and low-carbon energy technology, GHG emissions could be reduced by 23.9% without sacrificing food production. This study used the nexus approach to analyze agricultural GHG emissions, providing a framework for sustainable agricultural management and a reference for understanding the land–- water–energy nexus.
Keywords: Land–water–energy nexus | Greenhouse gas mitigation | Cropping structure | Irrigation | Energy use
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Bio-natural gas industry in China: Current status and development
صنعت گاز زیست طبیعی در چین: وضعیت فعلی و توسعه-2020
China has promoted its biogas industry for a long time and begun to support bio-natural gas (BNG; also known as biogas upgrading or biogas-to-biomethane) projects for the first time in 2015 at the central government level. This study presented a comprehensive overview of the BNG industry in China, including its status quo, national strategic planning, upgrading technologies, investment cost, potential, and opportunities and challenges. A total of 65 BNG demonstration projects were approved by the central government between 2015 and 2017, and 197 projects are expected to have been built by 2020 as part of the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016–2020). BNG is an emerging industry, and its development provides several opportunities, including a huge natural gas demand, national policy incentives, integrated agriculture, and reduced carbon emissions. The challenges and barriers to such developments include the high upgrading cost, fluctuating natural gas prices, unsound market access mechanism for biomethane and biofertilizer, scarce competition-oriented feedstock resources, incomplete standard system and cross-sectorial management, imperfect policy and subsidy mechanism, and lagging technology and equipment. China can learn from other developed countries in four ways. First, the country must enhance the cost effectiveness of its subsidies. Then, China must highlight the operations of its BNG industry and evaluate its performance; prioritize digestate management in the planning stage; improve its project service level and reinforce research and development. The findings of this work provide a valuable reference for other developing countries that intend to address energy shortage issues and integrate waste management into their regional planning.
Keywords: Biogas | Bio-natural gas | Biomethane | Potential | China
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Cross-sector collaboration for vulnerable populations reduces utilization and strengthens community partnerships
همکاری بین بخشی برای جمعیت های آسیب پذیر باعث کاهش استفاده و تقویت مشارکت های جامعه می شود-2020
Adventist Health Clear Lake is located in one of the poorest counties in California, with health rankings in the lowest decile of the state. Fire devastation, lack of affordable housing, modest employment opportunities, and widespread addiction have stretched the limited resources of the response system in this rural community. An innovative, cross-sector, interprofessional collaborative was formed to address the needs of community members who were high utilizers of the police, emergency, criminal justice, and healthcare systems. The collaborative approach was associated with a 44% reduction in hospital utilization, an 83% reduction in community response system usage, and a 71% reduction in costs for the population. Cross-sector, interprofessional collaboration between community agencies that share a select group of community members is an effective way to stabilize care, decrease healthcare and community system overutilization, improve care delivery, and reduce the costs of associated care.
Keywords: Cross-sector | Cross-continuum care collaboration | Cross-sector collaboration | Competing health systems | Integrated care | High need patient | igh frequency patient | Complex patient | Chronic patient | Emergency department | Individualized care | Decrease readmissions | Preventable hospitalization | Cost reduction | Root cause | Interprofessional team | Interorganizational team | Integrated behavioral health | Overuse | Overutilization | Super utilizers
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Resiliences to radicalization: Four key perspectives
تاب آوری در برابر رادیکال شدن: چهار دیدگاه کلیدی-2020
Building resilience to radicalization has become a key pillar of many policies for preventing violent extremism. However, sustained debates over the precise nature of the terms radicalisation and resilience impact the ability to implement these policies. A growing body of literature argues that the way in which key ideas are understood matters to what happens in practice. Additionally, the cross-sector collaboration called for in PVE policy can be made more challenging through divergences in understanding of central concepts. As such, the way in which resilience to radicalization is being understood by frontline workers matters. In light of this, a q-methodology study was conducted, which identified four perspectives on resilience to radicalization amongst policy-makers and practitioners in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the UK. These perspectives are examined in light of the broader debates around both resilience and radicalization, and the extent to which the divergences matter for collaboration is considered.
Keywords: Resilience | Radicalization | Q-methodology | P/CVE | Collaboration
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Dual-track interest rates and capital misallocation
نرخ بهره دوگانه و تخصیص نامناسب سرمایه-2019
The control-track interest rate and the market-track interest rate constitute China’s dual-track interest rates. A theoretical model of dual-track interest rates and financial frictions is studied. In the model, bank loans are provided to state-owned enterprises with the control-track interest rate, private enterprises resort to shadow banking with the market-track interest rate. The interest rate wedge between these two interest rates distorts capital allocation, even driving a sector out of production. Full interest rate liberalization which eliminates the interest rate wedge alleviates cross-sector capital misallocation. However, the net effect on aggregate TFP is ambiguous due to the within-sector effect. Under calibrated parameters, full interest rate liberalization improves aggregate TFP moderately, unless the financial reform aimed to have SOEs and POEs face the same degree of financial frictions is also implemented
Keywords: Dual-track Interest Rates | Capital Misallocation | Financial Frictions | Shadow Banking | Interest Rate Liberalization | Credit Boom
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Causes of child labour: Perceptions of rural and urban parents in Ghana
دلایل کار بچه: برداشت های والدین روستایی و شهری در غنا-2018
The study focuses on parental perceptions of causes of child labour in rural and urban areas of Ghana. The research is grounded on qualitative research techniques by specifically utilising in-depth interviews, focus groups, and participant observation to collect the necessary data for the study. In this approach, the data gathering happened in Phases 1 and 2 of the research study at the research sites in rural areas, and urban areas. The 60 participants included government officials, representatives from NGOs, and both parents whose children were involved in child labour and parents whose children were not involved. Much theoretical and empirical evidence is presented to argue that child labour has a multiplicity of causes including cultural practices, socialisation, poverty, and lack of mechanisation of work. This paper finds that the socio-cultural contexts of child labour play a critical role in childrens involvement in farming in the rural area while poverty also contributes to childrens engagement in artisanal fishing work in the slum urban communities in Ghana. This paper recommends that child labour must be tackled in a coordinated manner on a cross-sectoral basis and there is the need to adopt policies that would address the category of work that falls within worst forms of child labour (WFCL). Additionally, policy-makers and NGOs must consider the link between economic deprivation and child labour when implementing programmes designed to combat the problem.
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مقاله انگلیسی
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