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نتیجه جستجو - Crowdsourcing

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 28
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Public perceptions on artificial intelligence driven disaster management: Evidence from Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane
ادراکات عمومی در مورد مدیریت فاجعه مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی: شواهدی از سیدنی، ملبورن و بریزبن-2021
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly utilised in disaster management activities. The public is engaged with AI in various ways in these activities. For instance, crowdsourcing applications developed for disaster management to handle the tasks of collecting data through social media platforms, and increasing disaster awareness through serious gaming applications. Nonetheless, there are limited empirical investigations and understanding on public perceptions concerning AI for disaster management. Bridging this knowledge gap is the justification for this paper. The methodological approach adopted involved: Initially, collecting data through an online survey from residents (n = 605) of three major Australian cities; Then, analysis of the data using statistical modelling. The analysis results revealed that: (a) Younger generations have a greater appreciation of opportunities created by AI-driven applications for disaster management; (b) People with tertiary education have a greater understanding of the benefits of AI in managing the pre- and post-disaster phases, and; (c) Public sector administrative and safety workers, who play a vital role in managing disasters, place a greater value on the contributions by AI in disaster management. The study advocates relevant authorities to consider public perceptions in their efforts in integrating AI in disaster management.
keywords: artificial intelligence (AI) | Disaster management | Disaster preparedness | Disaster response | Disaster recovery | Public perception
مقاله انگلیسی
2 How to foster scientific knowledge integration in coastal management
چگونه یکپارچه سازی دانش علمی را در مدیریت ساحلی پرورش دهیم-2021
Development of science-based coastal policies and strategies that effectively cope with coastal change and risk requires transfer of scientific knowledge beyond the scientific community, and its integration in management processes. However, scientists frequently convey their message to non-specialized audiences resourcing to their own empirical experience, often leading to a high effort - low efficiency process. This paper aims to propose a simple conceptual model to guide scientists in the process of knowledge transfer, focusing on whom and how, and promoting the efficiency of both the science dissemination process and inte- gration of scientific knowledge in management of coastal land and risk. The model proposed herein aims to guide scientists to actively pursue the goal of transferring their knowledge to policymakers and managers besides layman society, and is essentially based upon a review and integration of previous work. We argue that selection of the most efficient scientific knowledge transfer mechanism (outreach, crowdsourcing tools, managers-oriented tools or co-production) should be based following careful consideration of level of engagement with the audience, and take into consideration political and social contexts. The level of engagement also controls the amount of effort involved in message framing, and the nature and robustness of the feedback from the target audience. The model acknowledges that communication strategy must be thought on a case-by- case basis and ranks the proportion of effort distributed between message deliverer (framing) and receiver (engagement) implicit in each transfer mechanism. This helps to select the most adequate mechanism and op- timizes knowledge transfer efforts. In addition, it highlights the importance of encouraging scientists to develop message framing skills and to acknowledge the benefits of engaging with others.
keywords: انتقال دانش | نامزدی | تماس با ما | crowdsourcing | ابزار مدیریت گرا | تولید مشترک | Knowledge transfer | Engagement | Outreach | Crowdsourcing | Management-oriented tools | Co-production
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Leveraging crowdsourcing methods to collect qualitative data in addiction science: Narratives of non-medical prescription opioid, heroin, and fentanyl use
استفاده بی نظیر از روش های تأمین منابع انبوه برای جمع آوری داده های کیفی در علوم اعتیاد: روایات استفاده از داروهای افیونی ، هروئین و فنتانیل با تجویز غیر پزشکی-2020
Background: Online crowdsourcing methods have proved useful for studies of diverse designs in the behavioral and addiction sciences. The remote and online setting of crowdsourcing research may provide easier access to unique participant populations and improved comfort for these participants in sharing sensitive health or behavioral information. To date, few studies have evaluated the use of qualitative research methods on crowdsourcing platforms and even fewer have evaluated the quality of data gathered. The purpose of the present analysis was to document the feasibility and validity of using crowdsourcing techniques for collecting qualitative data among people who use drugs. Methods: Participants (N=60) with a history of non-medical prescription opioid use with transition to heroin or fentanyl use were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). A battery of qualitative questions was included indexing beliefs and behaviors surrounding opioid use, transition pathways to heroin and/or fentanyl use, and drug-related contacts with structural institutions (e.g., health care, criminal justice). Results: Qualitative data recruitment was feasible as evidenced by the rapid sampling of a relatively large number of participants from diverse geographic regions. Computerized text analysis indicated high ratings of authenticity for the provided narratives. These authenticity percentiles were higher than the average of general normative writing samples as well as than those collected in experimental settings. Conclusions: These findings support the feasibility and quality of qualitative data collected in online settings, broadly, and crowdsourced settings, specifically. Future work among people who use drugs may leverage crowdsourcing methods and the access to hard-to-sample populations to complement existing studies in the human laboratory and clinic as well as those using other digital technology methods.
Keywords: Crowdsourcing | Heroin | Mechanical Turk | Opioid | Qualitative | Mixed method
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Scenarios in business and management: The current stock and research opportunities
سناریوها در تجارت و مدیریت: سهام موجود و فرصت های تحقیقاتی-2020
The scenario technique is widely used to cope with uncertainties plan for alternate future situations. The extensive research led to a scattered literature landscape. To organize the field quantitatively, we conduct bibliometric performance analyses and a bibliographic coupling analysis. Results show an increased interest in scenario research since 2009 and clear distinctions between strategic and operational as well as methodological and applied research. Future research can be expected to further enhance the method towards robust decision making and to combine it with methods searching for most likely scenarios, such as prediction markets, crowdsourcing, and super forecasting. Additionally, cognitive and behavioral aspects of using the scenario technique might draw further attention. The scenario technique is expected to be applied across all industries and will probably play an increasing role in currently underrepresented business functions such as marketing and innovation.
Keywords: Scenario analysis | Bibliographic coupling | Bibliometric analysis
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Scientific Authors in a Changing World of Scholarly Communication: What Does the Future Hold?
نویسندگان علمی در دنیای متغیر ارتباطات علمی: آینده چیست؟-2020
Scholarly communication in science, technology, and medicine has been organized around journal-based scientific publishing for the past 350 years. Scientific publishing has unique business models and includes stakeholders with conflicting interests—publishers, funders, libraries, and scholars who create, curate, and consume the literature. Massive growth and change in scholarly communication, coinciding with digitalization, have amplified stresses inherent in traditional scientific publishing, as evidenced by overwhelmed editors and reviewers, increased retraction rates, emergence of pseudo-journals, strained library budgets, and debates about the metrics of academic recognition for scholarly achievements. Simultaneously, several open access models are gaining traction and online technologies offer opportunities to augment traditional tasks of scientific publishing, develop integrated discovery services, and establish global and equitable scholarly communication through crowdsourcing, software development, big data management, and machine learning. These rapidly evolving developments raise financial, legal, and ethical dilemmas that require solutions, while successful strategies are difficult to predict. Key challenges and trends are reviewed from the authors’ perspective about how to engage the scholarly community in this multifaceted process.
KEYWORDS: Open access | Peer review | Predatory publishing | Preprint repository | Self-archiving
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Working the crowd for forensic research: A review of contributor motivation and recruitment strategies used in crowdsourcing and crowdfunding for scientific research
کارکردن جمعیتی برای تحقیقات پزشکی قانونی: مروری بر انگیزه مشارکت کنندگان و استراتژی های استخدام مورد استفاده در منابع عمومی و سرمایه گذاری جمعی برای تحقیقات علمی-2020
Crowdsourcing and crowdfunding have been successfully used in a range of scientific disciplines and present opportunities for forensic researchers to draw on the power of large numbers of people to contribute to research projects through participation or by providing an alternative source of funding. This review aimed to examine whether contributors to crowd science and crowdfunding for scientific research are motivated to participate or provide financial support by the same factors, and to examine recruitment strategies in an attempt to identify a potential crowd for forensic researchers to approach. There was found to be limited research into crowdfunding for scientific research that addressed the motivations of contributors or recruitment strategies used, and no conclusions could be made. There is a need to overcome low response rates and high attrition over the lifetime of a crowd science project or crowdfunding appeal. It is necessary to target a large number of people who are interested in the subject studied and who want to make a difference in some way and contribute to science. True crime podcast audiences are proposed as they present large numbers of listeners who are interested in forensic science, criminal investigation or law enforcement. These audiences have been targeted for successful fundraising efforts and invitations to participate in crowd activities previously. They should be considered by forensic researchers who are looking to venture into crowdsourcing or crowdfunding for research projects.
Keywords: Crowdsourcing | Crowdfunding | Scientific research | Citizen science | True crime podcasts
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Determining disaster severity through social media analysis: Testing the methodology with South East Queensland Flood tweets
تعیین شدت فاجعه از طریق تحلیل رسانه های اجتماعی: آزمایش روش با توییت سیل جنوب شرقی کوئینزلند-2020
Social media was underutilised in disaster management practices, as it was not seen as a real-time ground level information harvesting tool during a disaster. In recent years, with the increasing popularity and use of social media, people have started to express their views, experiences, images, and video evidences through different social media platforms. Consequently, harnessing such crowdsourced information has become an opportunity for authorities to obtain enhanced situation awareness data for efficient disaster management practices. Nonetheless, the current disaster-related Twitter analytics methods are not versatile enough to define disaster impacts levels as interpreted by the local communities. This paper contributes to the existing knowledge by applying and extending a well-established data analysis framework, and identifying highly impacted disaster areas as perceived by the local communities. For this, the study used real-time Twitter data posted during the 2010–2011 South East Queensland Floods. The findings reveal that: (a) Utilising Twitter is a promising approach to reflect citizen knowledge; (b) Tweets could be used to identify the fluctuations of disaster severity over time; (c) The spatial analysis of tweets validates the applicability of geo-located messages to demarcate highly impacted disaster zones.
Keywords: Social media | Data analytics | Big data | Crowdsourcing | Volunteered geographic information | South East Queensland Floods
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Evaluating the crowd quality for subjective questions based on a Spark computing environment
ارزیابی کیفیت جمعیت برای سؤالات ذهنی مبتنی بر یک محیط محاسباتی Spark-2020
Crowdsourcing is a popular method of data collection or problem solving, which has been widely used in business, scientific research and other fields. Personnel quality control is a key issue in the field of crowdsourcing, and the method of estimating personnel quality is receiving more and more attention. This paper proposes a new algorithm for the quality estimation of crowdsourcing personnel, which is based on subjective questions innovatively. Specifically, confidence intervals are used to indicate personnel quality. To improve its scalability and efficiency in big data environment, algorithm is implemented on Spark, a widely-adopted distributed computing platform. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on real-world data sets, and results demonstrate that algorithm can effectively and quickly estimate the quality of crowdsourcing personnel in the big data environment
Keywords: Crowdsourcing | Subjective Questions | Personnel Quality Evaluation | Confidence Interval
مقاله انگلیسی
9 How crowdfunding platforms change the nature of user innovation – from problem solving to entrepreneurship
How crowdfunding platforms change the nature of user innovation – from problem solving to entrepreneurship-2019
Crowdfunding has become a key research trend in recent years providing a new form of acquiring funding for innovation projects from users prior to the realization of the product in a ‘market before the market’. In this paper, we link the concept of crowdfunding with the user innovation phenomenon and show how user innovators harness crowdfunding to complement their innovative behavior and obtain funding to build firms and produce products in a more professional way. Conducting three case studies ranging from low- to high-tech crowdfunding campaigns, we investigate how crowdfunding impacts constituent dimensions of user innovation theory such as user motivation, user role, user community, collaboration between users and user investments. In particular, we argue that crowdfunding platforms (CFPs) may give rise to a more widespread occurrence of user entrepreneurs, who found a firm to commercialize their product or service in a marketplace they have created for their own need. Hence, we show the development from traditional user innovation to crowdfunding-enabled user innovation, which democratizes not only the creation but also the more large-scale commercialization of new products and services.
Keywords: User innovation | Crowdfunding | Crowdsourcing | Crowdfunding platform | Entrepreneurship | User communities | User entrepreneur
مقاله انگلیسی
10 The emergence of the maker movement: Implications for entrepreneurship research
ظهور جنبش سازنده: پیامدهای تحقیق کارآفرینی-2019
The maker movement has been touted as a harbinger of the next industrial revolution. Through shared access to tools and digital fabrication technologies, makers can act as producers in the sharing economy and potentially increase entrepreneurship rates, catalyze advanced manufacturing, and spur economic development. We develop a model of the maker movement configured around social exchange, technology resources, and knowledge creation and sharing. We highlight opportunities for studying the conditions under which the movement might foster entrepreneurship outcomes and discuss how research on the maker movement can deepen our understanding of entrepreneurial teams and corporate entrepreneurship.
Keywords: Innovation | Learning | Expertise | Collaboration | Community | Makerspace | FabLab | Crowdsourcing | 3D printing | Prototype | Design
مقاله انگلیسی
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