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1 |
Quantum Speedup for Inferring the Value of Each Bit of a Solution State in Unsorted Databases Using a Bio-Molecular Algorithm on IBM Quantum’s Computers
سرعت کوانتومی برای استنباط ارزش هر بیت از یک حالت راه حل در پایگاه های داده مرتب نشده با استفاده از الگوریتم زیست مولکولی در رایانه های کوانتومی IBM-2022 In this paper, we propose a bio-molecular
algorithm with O(n2) biological operations, O(2n−1) DNA
strands, O(n) tubes and the longest DNA strand, O(n), for
inferring the value of a bit from the only output satisfying
any given condition in an unsorted database with 2n items
of n bits. We show that the value of each bit of the outcome
is determined by executing our bio-molecular algorithm n
times. Then, we show how to view a bio-molecular solution
space with 2n-1 DNA strands as an eigenvector and how to
find the corresponding unitary operator and eigenvalues for
inferring the value of a bit in the output. We also show that
using an extension of the quantum phase estimation and
quantum counting algorithms computes its unitary operator
and eigenvalues from bio-molecular solution space with 2n-1
DNA strands. Next, we demonstrate that the value of each bit
of the output solution can be determined by executing the
proposed extended quantum algorithms n times. To verify
our theorem, we find the maximum-sized clique to a graph
with two vertices and one edge and the solution b that
satisfies b2 ≡ 1 (mod 15) and 1 < b < (15/2) using IBM
Quantum’s backend.
Index Terms: Data structures and algorithms | molecular algorithms | quantum algorithms | NP-complete problems. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
Recovery & identification of human Y-STR DNA from immatures of chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Simulation of sexual crime investigation involving victim corpse in state of decay
ترمیم و شناسایی DNA Y-STR انسانی از ناخالصی های کریسومیا آلبیسپس (Diptera: Calliphoridae). شبیه سازی تحقیقات مربوط به جرم و جنایات مربوط به جسد قربانی در حالت پوسیدگی-2020 The number of sexual crimes in Brazil, as in several other countries, is very high. In many of these crimes
the women raped are murdered and their bodies are found days later, in an advanced state of
decomposition, with intense cadaverous fauna. Forensic Entomology studies insects and other
arthropods that can be used in the expert analysis of various types of crimes. Diptera, the order of
insects that comprises the two-winged or true flies, represents one of the largest known groups of insects
and is the principal source of cadaveric entomofauna. Members of its Calliphoridae family are observed in
cadavers in all phases of decomposition. The retrieval and identification of human Y-STR DNA from the
gastrointestinal tract of Calliphoridae species Chrysomya albiceps maggots and pupae can provide a good
tool for the gathering of evidence in sexual crime investigations involving rape and death, in which the
abandoned victims body is found in a putrefied state. In this study, the animal model used was a female
pig, Sus scrofa, which was sacrificed in a forested area with three shots from a 0.40 calibre Taurus pistol,
and inoculated with semen to its anal and vaginal regions, simulating rape and homicide. During
decomposition, 20–80 maggots were collected every 24 h and preserved in 70 % alcohol, totalling 289
maggots and 157 pupae (446 immatures) over a period of 14 days (336 h) of decomposition. Each maggot
was then dissected for removal of the digestive tract, which was placed in extraction buffer. The
molecular phase proceeded with extraction, quantification, amplification and capillary electrophoresis of
samples, testing 16 STR loci of the Y chromosome. It was possible to establish a partial Y-STR DNA profile,
with the amplification of up to eight sites, by considering a combination of the samples taken at hours
144 h, 168 h, 192 h, 216 h, 240 h, 288 h, 312 h and 336 h.. Keywords: Forensic entomology | Forensic genetics | Sex crimes | Rape | Murder | Criminal profiling |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Use of standardized bioinformatics for the analysis of fungal DNA signatures applied to sample provenance
استفاده از بیوانفورماتیک استاندارد برای تجزیه و تحلیل امضاهای DNA قارچی اعمال شده برای پیشروی نمونه-2020 The use of environmental trace material to aid criminal investigations is an ongoing
field of research within forensic science. The application of environmental material thus far has focused upon a variety of
different objectives relevant to forensic biology, including sample provenance (also referred to as sample
attribution). The capability to predict the provenance or origin of an environmental DNA sample would
be an advantageous addition to the suite of investigative tools currently available. A metabarcoding
approach is often used to predict sample provenance, through the extraction and comparison of the DNA
signatures found within different environmental materials, such as the bacteria within soil or fungi
within dust. Such approaches are combined with bioinformatics workflows and statistical modelling,
often as part of large-scale study, with less emphasis on the investigation of the adaptation of these
methods to a smaller scale method for forensic use. The present work was investigating a small-scale
approach as an adaptation of a larger metabarcoding study to develop a model for global sample
provenance using fungal DNA signatures collected from dust swabs. This adaptation was to facilitate a
standardized method for consistent, reproducible sample treatment, including bioinformatics processing
and final application of resulting data to the available prediction model. To investigate this small-scale
method, 76 DNA samples were treated as anonymous test samples and analyzed using the standardized
process to demonstrate and evaluate processing and customized sequence data analysis. This testing
included samples originating from countries previously used to train the model, samples artificially
mixed to represent multiple or mixed countries, as well as outgroup samples. Positive controls were also
developed to monitor laboratory processing and bioinformatics analysis. Through this evaluation we
were able to demonstrate that the samples could be processed and analyzed in a consistent manner,
facilitated by a relatively user-friendly bioinformatic pipeline for sequence data analysis. Such
investigation into standardized analyses and application of metabarcoding data is of key importance for
the future use of applied microbiology in forensic science. Keywords: Forensic microbiology | Bioinformatics | Metabarcoding | Sample provenance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
A review of likelihood ratios in forensic science based on a critique of Stiffelman “No longer the Gold standard: Probabilistic genotyping is changing the nature of DNA evidence in criminal trials”
مروری بر نسبتهای احتمال در علم پزشکی قانونی براساس نقدی از استیفلمن "دیگر استاندارد طلا نیست: ژنوتیپ احتمالی در حال تغییر ماهیت شواهد DNA در محاکمات کیفری است"-2020 Stiffelman [1] gives a broad critique of the application of likelihood ratios (LRs) in forensic science, in
particular their use in probabilistic genotyping (PG) software. These are discussed in this review.
LRs do not infringe on the ultimate issue. The Bayesian paradigm clearly separates the role of the
scientist from that of the decision makers and distances the scientist from comment on the ultimate and
subsidiary issues. LRs do not affect the reasonable doubt standard. Fact finders must still make decisions based on all the
evidence and they must do this considering all evidence, not just that given probabilistically.
LRs do not infringe on the presumption of innocence. The presumption of innocence does not equate
with a prior probability of zero but simply that the person of interest (POI) is no more likely than anyone
else to be the donor.
Propositions need to be exhaustive within the context of the case. That is, propositions deemed
relevant by either defense or prosecution which are not fanciful must not be omitted from consideration. Keywords: Likelihood ratio | Reasonable doubt | Presumption of innocence | Exhaustiveness |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Dog-bite-related attacks: A new forensic approach
حملات مربوط به گاز سگ: یک روش پزشکی قانونی جدید-2020 Dog attacks today represent a health hazard considering that prevention strategies have not always been
successful. The identification of the dog that attacked the victim is necessary, considering the civil or
criminal consequences for the animal’s owner. An accurate scene analysis must be performed collecting a
series of important information.
Forensic investigations in dog attacks involve different methods, such as the evaluating of the canine
Short Tandem Repeat (STR) typing in saliva traces on wounds or bite mark analysis, however, these
techniques cannot always be applied. The effort to find new methods to identify the dog that attacked the
victim represents a very interesting field for the forensic community.
This study aims to propose an innovative approach, based on the identification of the victims profile in
the dogs mouth, using a buccal swab on the suspected aggressor dog, to find the victim’s genetic profile.
In addition, a further goal of this study is to determine the persistence time of hexogen DNA in the dog’s
mouth to define a timeframe for performing this particular technique.
For this purpose, ten different dogs were used to aggressively bite a bovine sample (reference sample)
to simulate the victim. For each dog two buccal swabs were taken at different time intervals: 300 , 450 , 600 ,
900 , 1200 , 1500 , 1800 and 2400 . The typing of the swabs provided an interpretable profile after 450 while
traces of bovine profile were found until 1500 after the dog attack simulation.
These results could be improved using the human identification kit, which is more sensitive. In the light
of this experimental study, the forensic community should consider using this approach in real casework
studies with the aim of collecting new data, validating this technique for forensic use. Keywords: Forensic science | Forensic pathology | Dog attacks | Cattle genotyping | Dog identification | Short tandem repeat | TGLA53 | TGLA122 |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Raman spectroscopy for forensic semen identification: Method validation vs. environmental interferences
طیف سنجی رامان برای شناسایی منی پزشکی قانونی: اعتبار سنجی روش در مقابل تداخل های محیطی-2020 Proper identification of body fluids at crime scenes is imperative to forensic investigations, as they yield crucial
pieces of DNA evidence that lead to subsequent investigation resolution and criminal justice. Nevertheless, body
fluid identification can prove a burdensome process, as several ubiquitous substances found at crime scenes often
resemble the appearance of a specific body fluid. Therefore, it is extremely important to find a reliable method
for body fluid discovery and differentiation among other potential environmental inferences (EIs). In this study,
Raman spectroscopy was combined with advanced statistical analysis and used for semen identification. This
method has already been proven to be a powerful tool for characterization of body fluid traces for forensic
purposes. Twenty-seven EI substances that may (i) yield a false positive (FP) result on routine forensic tests for
semen and/or (ii) resemble a semen stain at a crime scene were examined. Raman spectra of EI substances were
compared to spectra of main body fluids: semen, blood, saliva, sweat, and vaginal fluid. The random forest
algorithm was utilized for differentiating between body fluids and EIs commonly found for semen traces. Using
the classification probability threshold of 70%, entire separation of classes was observed. None of the twentyseven
EI substances was classified as any body fluid. This confirms a great potential of Raman spectroscopy for
nondestructive and rapid identification of semen traces found at a crime scene. Keywords: Raman spectroscopy | Chemometrics | Semen identification | Forensics | Biological fluids | Environmental interferences |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
DNA, the imperfect proof
DNA ، اثبات ناقص-2020 Due to the progress of science and the stakes of inquiry and sentence, the DNA analysis is subject ofa substantial development within the area of criminal procedure. However, the DNA is by no means aperfect evidence and it faces scientific, ethic and legal limits which result in reconsidering the balancebetween the stakes of punishment and the protection of Fundamental Freedoms. Keywords:DNA (criminology) | Genetic prints | File (genetic prints) | Expertise (genetic) |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Pollen molecular biology: Applications in the forensic palynology and future prospects: A review
زیست شناسی مولکولی گرده: برنامه های کاربردی در palynology پزشکی قانونی و چشم اندازهای آینده: یک بررسی-2020 Palynology, which is the study of pollen and spores in an archaeological or geological context, has become
a well-established research tool leading to many significant scientific developments. The term palynomorph
includes pollen of spermatophytes, spores of fungi, ferns, and bryophytes, as well as other
organic-walled microfossils, such as dinoflagellates and acritarches. Advances in plant genomics have
had a high impact on the field of forensic botany. Forensic palynology has also been used and applied
more recently to criminal investigation in a meaningful way. However, the use of pollen DNA profiling
in forensic investigations has yet to be applied. There were earlier uses of dust traces in some forensic
analyses that considered pollen as a type of botanical dust debris. Pollen grains can be studied for comparative
morphological data, clues to unexpected aspects relating to breeding systems, pollination biology
and hybridization. This can provide a better understanding of the entire biology of the group under
investigation. Forensic palynology refers to the use of pollen and other spores when it is used as evidence
in legal cases to resolve criminal issues by proving or disproving relationships between people and crime
scenes. This overview describes the various contributions and the significance of palynology, its applications,
different recent approaches and how it could be further employed in solving criminal
investigations. Keywords: Palynology | Forensic | Forensic palynology | Pollen | Spores |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
Simultaneous DNA and RNA profiling in a case of sexual assault in a 3-yearold child: Forensic genetics solves the crime
پروفایل همزمان DNA و RNA در مورد حمله جنسی به کودک 3 ساله: ژنتیک پزشکی قانونی جرم را حل می کند-2020 DNA profiling can identify an individual from a sample of biological material but it does not reveal what body
fluid or tissue source the DNA profile originated from. In many cases it is important to know from what body
fluid or tissue the DNA profile originated in order to provide crucial information necessary to the investigation,
especially in cases where the victims are not able to give information about the dynamics of the event. For this
purpose messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis has been shown to be a suitable method for the identification of body
fluids, resulting in a trend to overcome the conventional approaches. Here we present the first report about case
regarding a three-year-old child supposedly victim of a sexual assault with digital penetration. Thanks to the use
of the combined DNA profiling and RNA analysis it was possible to demonstrate the sexual assault suffered by the
victim. Keywords: DNA/RNA profiling | Body fluid identification | Child sexual assault |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
به سوی امنیت دادههای مبتنی بر DNA در محیط محاسبه ابری
سال انتشار: 2020 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 9 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 36 امروزه اندازه دادهها روزانه از گیگابایت به ترابایت یا حتی پتابایت افزایش مییابد که عمدتا ً به دلیل تکامل مقادیر زیادی از دادههای زمان حقیقی است . اکثر دادههای بزرگ از طریق اینترنت منتقل میشوند و آنها در محیط محاسبه ابری ذخیره میشوند . از آنجا که رایانش ابری خدمات مبتنی بر اینترنت را فراهم میکند , مهاجمان و کاربران مخربی نیز وجود دارند . آنها همیشه سعی میکنند بدون داشتن حق دسترسی به دادههای بزرگ و محرمانه کاربر به آنها دسترسی داشته باشند . گاهی اوقات آنها دادههای اصلی را با هر گونه داده جعلی جایگزین میکنند . بنابراین , امنیت دادههای بزرگ اخیرا ً به یک نگرانی عمده تبدیل شدهاست . محاسبه اسید دی اکسی ریبونوکلئیک( DNA ) یک میدان نوظهور برای بهبود امنیت دادهها است که براساس مفهوم زیستی DNA است . یک طرح رمزگذاری داده مبتنی بر DNA در این مقاله برای محیط محاسبه ابری پیشنهاد شدهاست . در اینجا , یک کلید سری ۱۰۲۴ بیتی براساس محاسبه DNA , ویژگیهای کاربر و کنترل دسترسی رسانهای ( MAC ) , کد استاندارد آمریکا برای تبادل اطلاعات ( ASCII ) , پایگاههای DNA و قانون مکمل برای تولید کلید رمز مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد که این سیستم را قادر میسازد تا در برابر بسیاری از حملات امنیتی محافظت کند . نتایج آزمایشی و نیز تحلیلهای تئوریک , کارایی و کارایی طرح پیشنهادی را بر روی برخی از طرحهای شناختهشده موجود نشان میدهند .
واژگان کاربردی : رایانش ابری | محاسبات DNA | امنیت دادههای بزرگ | نشانی MAC | قانون کمل | شبیه ساز ابری |
مقاله ترجمه شده |