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نتیجه جستجو - Data protection authorities

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A comparison of data protection legislation and policies across the EU
مقایسه مقررات و سیاست های حفاظت از اطلاعات در سراسر اتحادیه اروپا-2018
Although the protection of personal data is harmonized within the EU by Directive 95/46/ EC and will be further harmonized by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018, there are significant differences in the ways in which EU member states imple mented the protection of privacy and personal data in national laws, policies, and practices. This paper presents the main findings of a research project that compares the protection of privacy and personal data in eight EU member states: France, Germany, the UK, Ireland, Romania, Italy, Sweden, and the Netherlands. The comparison focuses on five major themes: awareness and trust, government policies for personal data protection, the appli cable laws and regulations, implementation of those laws and regulations, and supervision and enforcement. The comparison of privacy and data protection regimes across the EU shows some remarkable findings, revealing which countries are frontrunners and which countries are lagging behind on specific aspects. For instance, the roles of and interplay between gov ernments, civil rights organizations, and data protections authorities vary from country to country. Furthermore, with regard to privacy and data protection there are differences in the intensity and scope of political debates, information campaigns, media attention, and public debate. New concepts like privacy impact assessments, privacy by design, data breach notifications and big data are on the agenda in some but not in all countries. Significant differences exist in (the levels of) enforcement by the different data protection authorities, due to different legal competencies, available budgets and personnel, policies, and cultural factors.
Keywords: Privacy ، Data protection ، Comparative law ، Personal data ، Data protection authorities
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Singling out people without knowing their names – Behavioural targeting, pseudonymous data, and the new Data Protection Regulation
جداسازی مردم بدون دانستن نام آنها - هدف قرار دادن رفتاری، داده مستعار، و حمایت قوانین و مقررات جدید داده ها-2016
Information about millions of people is collected for behavioural targeting, a type of marketing that involves tracking people’s online behaviour for targeted advertising. It is hotly debated whether data protection law applies to behavioural targeting. Many behavioural targeting companies say that, as long as they do not tie names to data they hold about individuals, they do not process any personal data, and that, therefore, data protection law does not apply to them. European Data Protection Authorities, however, take the view that a company processes personal data if it uses data to single out a person, even if it cannot tie a name to these data. This paper argues that data protection law should indeed apply to behavioural targeting. Companies can often tie a name to nameless data about individuals. Furthermore, behavioural targeting relies on collecting information about individuals, singling out individuals, and targeting ads to individuals. Many privacy risks remain, regardless of whether companies tie a name to the information they hold about a person. A name is merely one of the identifiers that can be tied to data about a person, and it is not even the most practical identifier for behavioural targeting. Seeing data used to single out a person as personal data fits the rationale for data protection law: protecting fairness and privacy.
Keywords: Pseudonymous data | Data protection law | Personal data | Privacy | Online behavioural advertising | Behavioural targeting | Profiling | Cookie | IP address | Tracking
مقاله انگلیسی
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