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1 |
Decentralization Using Quantum Blockchain: A Theoretical Analysis
تمرکززدایی با استفاده از بلاک چین کوانتومی: یک تحلیل نظری-2022 Blockchain technology has been prominent recently due to its applications in cryptocurrency. Numerous decentralized blockchain applications have been possible due to blockchains’ nature of
distributed, secured, and peer-to-peer storage. One of its technical pillars is using public-key cryptography
and hash functions, which promise a secure, pseudoanonymous, and distributed storage with nonrepudiation.
This security is believed to be difficult to break with classical computational powers. However, recent
advances in quantum computing have raised the possibility of breaking these algorithms with quantum
computers, thus, threatening the blockchains’ security. Quantum-resistant blockchains are being proposed
as alternatives to resolve this issue. Some propose to replace traditional cryptography with postquantum
cryptography—others base their approaches on quantum computer networks or quantum internets. Nonetheless, a new security infrastructure (e.g., access control/authentication) must be established before any of
these could happen. This article provides a theoretical analysis of the quantum blockchain technologies
that could be used for decentralized identity authentication. We put together a conceptual design for a
quantum blockchain identity framework and give a review of the technical evidence. We investigate its
essential components and feasibility, effectiveness, and limitations. Even though it currently has various
limitations and challenges, we believe a decentralized perspective of quantum applications is noteworthy and
likely.
INDEX TERMS: Blockchains | consensus protocol | decentralized applications | identity management systems | quantum computing | quantum networks. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
ConTrib: Maintaining fairness in decentralized big tech alternatives by accounting work
ConTrib: حفظ انصاف در جایگزین های غیرمتمرکز فناوری بزرگ با کار حسابداری-2021 ‘‘Big Tech’’ companies provide digital services used by billions of people. Recent developments, however,
have shown that these companies often abuse their unprecedented market dominance for selfish interests.
Meanwhile, decentralized applications without central authority are gaining traction. Decentralized applications critically depend on its users working together. Ensuring that users do not consume too many resources
without reciprocating is a crucial requirement for the sustainability of such applications.
We present ConTrib, a universal mechanism to maintain fairness in decentralized applications by accounting the work performed by peers. In ConTrib, participants maintain a personal ledger with tamper-evident
records. A record describes some work performed by a peer and links to other records. Fraud in ConTrib
occurs when a peer illegitimately modifies one of the records in its personal ledger. This is detected through
the continuous exchange of random records between peers and by verifying the consistency of incoming records
against known ones. Our simple fraud detection algorithm is highly scalable, tolerates significant packet loss,
and exhibits relatively low fraud detection times. We experimentally show that fraud is detected within seconds
and with low bandwidth requirements. To demonstrate the applicability of our work, we deploy ConTrib in the
Tribler file-sharing application and successfully address free-riding behaviour. This two-year trial has resulted
in over 160 million records, created by more than 94’000 users.
keywords: عادلانه بودن | برنامه های کاربردی غیر متمرکز | حسابداری | رایگان RiderPrevention | Fairness | Decentralizedapplications | Accountingmechanism | Free-riderprevention |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Sidechain technologies in blockchain networks: An examination and state-of-the-art review
فن آوری های زنجیره جانبی در شبکه های بلاکچین : بررسی و بررسی پیشرفته-2019 In the last decade, blockchain has emerged as one of the most influential innovations in software architecture and
technology. Ideally, blockchains are designed to be architecturally and politically decentralized, similar to the
Internet. In recent times, however, blockchain-based systems have faced stumbling blocks in the form of challenges
related to scalability, privacy, security, etc. Several new methods have been proposed both by the research
and professional communities to mitigate these challenges. One such recent advancement proposed is the use of
sidechains. A sidechain is a secondary blockchain connected to the main blockchain with a two-way peg. Sidechains
may have their own consensus protocols, which could be completely different from the mainchains
protocol. Theoretically, a sidechain can add new functionalities, improve privacy, and security of traditionally
vanilla blockchains. To this date, however, little is known or discussed regarding factors related to design choices,
feasibility, limitations and other issues in adopting the sidechain technology. Moreover, there is a lack of studies
discussing how and where it can effectively be integrated into blockchains to remedy current issues in a clear
context. Hence, this paper provides the first comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art sidechains and platforms,
identifying current advancements and analyzing their impact from various viewpoints, highlighting their
limitations and discussing possible remedies for the overall improvement of the blockchain domain. Keywords: Blockchains | Sidechains | Smart contracts | Decentralized applications | Decentralized ledger | Digital assets | Cryptocurrency |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
SANUB: یک روش جدید برای به اشتراک گذاری و تحلیل اخبار با استفاده از بلاکچین (زنجیره بلوکی)
سال انتشار: 2019 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 5 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 14 میلیون ها خبر به صورت روزانه بین مردم رد و بدل میشود. با ظهور اینترنت، روش اخبار گسترده تغییر کرده و سریعتر شده است، با این حال مشکلات زیادی را ایجاد کرده است. برای مثال، افزایش سرعت انتشار اخبار منجر به افزایش سرعت انتشار اخبار جعلی میشود. اخبار تقلبی میتواند تاثیر زیادی بر جوامع داشته باشد علاوه بر این، وجود یک نهاد مرکزی، مانند آژانسهای خبری، میتواند منجر به تقلب در فرآیند پخش خبر شود، به عنوان مثال تولید اخبار تقلبی و انتشار. از آنجا که تکنولوژی بلاکچین یک شبکه غیر متمرکز قابلاطمینان فراهم میکند، میتواند برای انتشار اخبار استفاده شود. علاوه بر این، بلاکچین با کمک برنامههای کاربردی غیر متمرکز و قراردادهای هوشمند میتواند سکویی را فراهم کند که در آن اخبار تقلبی را می توان از طریق مشارکت عمومی تشخیص داد. در این مقاله، ما روش جدیدی را برای به اشتراک گذاری و تحلیل اخبار به منظور شناسایی اخبار جعلی با استفاده از بلاکچین به نام SANUB پیشنهاد کردیم. SANUB ویژگیهایی مانند انتشار ناشناس اخبار، ارزیابی اخبار، ارزیابی گزارشگر، تشخیص اخبار تقلبی و اثبات مالکیت اخبار را ارایه میدهد. نتایج تحلیل ما نشان میدهد که SANUB بهتر از روشهای موجود عمل کرده است. |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
5 |
Blockchain smart contracts formalization: Approaches and challenges to address vulnerabilities
رسمی سازی قراردادهای هوشمند بلاکچین : رویکردها و چالش هایی برای رفع آسیب پذیری ها-2019 Blockchain as a distributed computing platform enables users to deploy pieces of software (known as smart contracts) for a wealth of next-generation decentralized applications without involving a trusted third-party. The advantages of smart contracts do, however, come at a price. As with most technologies, there are potential security threats, vulnerabilities and various other issues associated with smart con- tracts. Writing secure and safe smart contracts can be extremely difficult due to various business logics, as well as platform vulnerabilities and limitations. Formal methods have recently been advocated to miti- gate these vulnerabilities. This paper aims to provide a first-time study on current formalization research on all smart contract-related platforms on blockchains, which is scarce in the literature. To this end, a timely and rigorous systematic review to examine the state-of-the-art research and achievements pub- lished between 2015 and July 2019 is provided. This study is based on a comprehensive review of a set of 35 research papers that have been extracted from eight major online digital databases. The results indicate that the most common formalization technique is theorem proving, which is most often used to verify security properties relating to smart contracts, while other techniques such as symbolic exe- cution and model checking were also frequently used. These techniques were most commonly used to verify the functional correctness of smart contracts. From the language and automation point of views, there were 12 languages (domain specific/specification/general purpose) proposed or used for the formal- ization of smart contracts on blockchains, while 15 formal method-specific automated tools/frameworks were identified for mitigating various vulnerabilities of smart contracts. From the results of this work, we further highlight three open issues for future research in this emerging domain including: formal testing, automated verification of smart contracts, and domain specific languages (DSLs) for Ethereum. These is- sues suggest the need for additional, in-depth research. Our study also provides possible future research directions. Keywords: Blockchain | Smart contracts | Formal methods | Verification | Systematic review |
مقاله انگلیسی |