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نتیجه جستجو - Disability

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 45
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Improvements in biometric health measures among individuals with intellectual disabilities: A controlled evaluation of the Fit 5 program
بهبود اقدامات سلامت بیومتریک در افراد دارای معلولیت فکری: ارزیابی کنترل شده از برنامه Fit 5-2021
Background: Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have poorer health statuses compared to the general population. Actions are needed to address
health disparities and promote healthy lifestyles among individuals with ID. Moreover, studies that consider program settings for this population are needed. Objective: The Special Olympics health program, Fit 5, was evaluated to assess effectiveness in improving health measures for individuals with ID. The settings of programs’ implementation were also considered. Methods: Four Special Olympics basketball teams participated as an intervention group, and three teams as a control group, in a study of the Fit 5 program that was implemented during, and as part of, a regular 8-week basketball season. Resting heart rate (RHR) and blood pressure, and height and weight to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI), were measured before and after the program. Differences in pre- and post-measures were compared between the two groups with paired samples t-tests and ANCOVA. Results: Participants in the intervention group had significantly greater improvements in resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p ¼ 0.02 and 0.03, respectively) and RHR (p ¼ 0.003). BMI increased for both groups; however, the increase in the intervention group was significantly less (p ¼ 0.006). The Special Olympics setting was considered familiar and supportive and effectively reached individuals with ID.
Conclusion: The Fit 5 program positively impacts RHR and blood pressure, and could help reduce extents of BMI increases, in individuals with ID when implemented in a common setting. Further investigation of the impact of Fit 5 and similar programs in additional settings is warranted.© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Intellectual disability | Health promotion | Physical activity | Health risk factors | Program settings
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Biometric indicators can be early signs of declines in activities of daily living functioning among the Indonesian elderly
شاخص های بیومتریک می توانند نشانه های اولیه کاهش فعالیت های روزانه در افراد مسن اندونزی باشند-2021
Background: Signs associated with the onset of disability can be useful in disability projection and have significant implications in elderly care policy. Objective: To explored the associations between biometric screening indicators and declines in activities of daily life (ADLs) functioning among the Indonesian elderly.
Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal cohort study. The Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 4 conducted in 2007e2008, and IFLS 5 conducted in 2014e2015 were used to assess the association be- tween biometric indicators and ADLs at baseline and follow-up.
Results: Findings revealed that 22.3% of participants surveyed in 2007e2014 had become disabled in terms of ADLs. Anemia status, stage 2 hypertension, lung capacity, and a longer sit-to-stand time were associated with ADLs.
Conclusion: These findings are important to help early detection and potentially help the prevention of ADLs in elderly people in the future. Accuracy of disability estimation could possibly be improved if including biometric parameters.© 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Biometric screening | Activities of daily living (ADLs) | Cohort study | Elderly | Indonesia
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Assessment of knowledge among caregivers of diabetic patients in insulin dosage regimen and administration
ارزیابی دانش در میان مراقبان بیماران دیابتی در رژیم دوزهای انسولین و تزریق-2021
Background: Inadequate production of Insulin can lead to a complex metabolic disorder named Diabetes Mellitus that is characterized by hyperglycaemia. Diabetes is leading metabolic disease that causes major disability and increased death-rate world-wide. Diabetes can cause neuropathy, blindness, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, increased risk of stroke, and renal diseases. Since the management of diabetes mellitus is complex, the reliance of some patients on their caregivers has increased. In this study, a caregiver is a family member or a paid helper who is willing to provide long-term assistance to a child, an older adult, or a person with a disability.
Aim: The knowledge of caregivers about insulin doses (administration and adjustment) is determined and to study the correlation between the demographic data (age, gender, and marital status) and the knowledge of caregivers.
Methodology: This is a cross sectional type of descriptive study. A questionnaire was built based on literature review and was reviewed and validated by 17 arbitrators and modified accordingly. A pilot study was performed on 5 people of the targeted population to assess the feasibility, duration, and clarity of the data collection tool. The questionnaire was distributed online and had some extra questions to exclude non-relevant responses.
Results: A total of 819 participants filled the online questionnaire. Out of these, 83.6% were female and 16.4% were male. The good knowledge was significantly associated with caregivers who had patients diagnosed with diabetes since less than 6 months when compared with others.
Conclusion: Caregivers who reported that they do not live with the healthcare receiver had less knowledge compared with those they live, and it is statically significant association. 55% were satisfied with their level of knowledge about insulin doses management. This study indicates who lives with patient has caregiver’s knowledge on inulin dosages administration 1.766 times from who don’t have.
keywords: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) | Caregivers | Metabolic disorder | Hyperglycaemia | Demographic data | Insulin dosage
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Smart Technologies for Visually Impaired: Assisting and conquering infirmity of blind people using AI Technologies
فناوری های هوشمند برای افراد دارای اختلال بینایی : کمک و تسخیر ناتوانی افراد نابینا با استفاده از فناوری های هوشمند مصنوعی-2020
Physical disability has affected many people’s lives across the world. One of these disabilities that strongly affected some large category of people is visual lose. Blind people often face difficulties in moving around freely such as: in crossing the street, in reading, driving or socializing. They often rely on using certain aid devices to reach certain places or perform any other daily activities such as walking sticks. There are ongoing scientific researches in the area of rectifying blindness, but it has to go long way to achieve the solution. Also, there are research unleashes the ideas of assisting the blind people deficiency but lacks in technological aspects of implementation. This research project aims at helping blind people of all categories to achieve their day to day tasks easier through the use of a smart device. By using artificial intelligent and image processing, this smart device is able to detect faces, colors and deferent objects. The detection process is manifested by notifying the visually impaired person through either a sound alert or vibration. Additionally, this study presents a palpable survey that entails visually impaired people from the local community. Subsequently, the project uses both Open CV and Python for programming and implementation. The exertion of this project prototype investigates the algorithms which are used for detecting the objects. Also, it demonstrates how this smart device could detects certain physical object and how it could send a warning signal when faced by any obstacles. Overall, this research will be a positive addition in the world of health care sector by supporting blind people with the use of smart technology.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligent | Open CV | Python | Face Recognition | Object Detection | Health Care Introduction
مقاله انگلیسی
5 From working on recovery to working in recovery: Employment status among a nationally representative U.S. sample of individuals who have resolved a significant alcohol or other drug problem
از کار بر روی بهبودی تا کار در بهبودی: وضعیت اشتغال در بین یک نمونه نماینده ملی ایالات متحده از افرادی که مشروبات الکلی یا مشکل دارویی را حل کرده اند-2020
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders exact a prodigious annual economic toll in the United States (U.S.), driven largely by lost productivity due to illness-related absenteeism, underemployment, and unemployment. While recovery from AOD disorders is associated with improved health and functioning, little is known specifically about increases in productivity due to new or resumed employment and who may continue to struggle. Also, because employment can buffer relapse risk by providing structure, meaning, purpose, and income, greater knowledge in this regard would inform relapse prevention efforts as well as employment-related policy. We conducted a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the U.S. adult population assessing persons who reported having resolved an AOD problem (n = 2002). Weighted employment, unemployment, retirement, and disability statistics were compared to the general U.S. population. Logistic and linear regression models tested for differences in employment and unemployment among demographic categories and measures of well-being. Compared to the general U.S. population, individuals who had resolved an AOD problem were less likely to be employed or retired, and more likely to be unemployed and disabled. Certain recovering subgroups, including those identifying as black and those with histories of multiple arrests, were further disadvantaged. Conversely, certain factors, such as a higher level of education and less prior criminal justice involvement were associated with lower unemployment risk. Despite being in recovery from an AOD problem, individuals continue to struggle with obtaining employment, particularly black Americans and those with prior criminal histories. Given the importance of employment in addiction recovery and relapse prevention, more research is needed to identify employment barriers so that they can be effectively addressed.
Keywords: Employment | Unemployment | Under employment | Alcohol and other drugs | Substance use disorder | Addiction recovery | Disparities
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Isolating residents including wandering residents in care and group homes: Medical ethics and English law in the context of Covid-19
منزوی کردن ساکنان از جمله ساکنان سرگردان در خانه های مراقبتی و گروهی: اخلاق پزشکی و قانون انگلیس در زمینه کووید-19-2020
This article investigates the lawfulness of isolating residents of care and group homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many residents are mobile, and their freedom to move is a central ethical tenet and human right. It is not however an absolute right and trade-offs between autonomy, liberty and health need to be made since COVID-19 is highly infectious and poses serious risks of critical illness and death. People living in care and group homes may be particularly vulnerable because recommended hygiene practices are difficult for them and many residents are elderly, and/or have co-morbidities. In some circumstances, the trade-offs can be made easily with the agreement of the resident and for short periods of time. However challenging cases arise, in particular for residents and occupants with dementia who‘wander’, meaning they have a strong need to walk, sometimes due to agitation, as may also be the case for some people with developmental disability (e.g. autism),or as a consequence of mental illness.This article addresses three central questions: (1) in what circumstances is it lawful to isolate residents of social care homes to prevent transmission of COVID-19, in particular where the resident has a strong compulsion to walk and will not, or cannot, remain still and isolated? (2) what types of strategies are lawful to curtail walking and achieve isolation and social distancing? (3) is law reform required to ensure any action to restrict freedoms is lawful and not excessive? These questions emerged during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and are still relevant. Although focussed on COVID-19, the results are also relevant to other future outbreaks of infectious diseases in care and group homes. Likewise, while we concentrate on the law in England and Wales, the analysis and implications have international significance.
مقاله انگلیسی
7 The association between discontinuation of community treatment orders and outcomes in the 12-months following discharge from residential mental health rehabilitation
ارتباط بین قطع دستورات درمان اجتماعی و نتایج در 12 ماه پس از ترخیص از توانبخشی بهداشت روانی مسکونی-2020
To compare the post-discharge outcomes of people admitted to community-based residential mental health rehabilitation facilities subject to a Community Treatment Order (CTO) who do and do not have this order discontinued prior to discharge.
People subject to a CTO who were admitted across five Community Care Units (CCUs) in Queensland, Australia between 2005 and 2014 (N = 311), were grouped based on involuntary treatment status at the time of their discharge. Individuals whose status changed to voluntary (n = 63; CTO > VOL) were compared with those whose treatment remained involuntary (n = 248; CTO-CTO) on demographic, clinical and treatment-related characteristics. Group-level and individualised changes were assessed between the year pre-admission and the year post-discharge. The primary outcome measure was change in mental health and social functioning (Health of the Nation Outcome Scale). Secondary outcomes included disability (Life Skills Profile-16), service use, accommodation instability, and involuntary treatment. Logistic regression was completed to examine predictors of CTO discontinuation during CCU care. Potential predictors covered service-, consumer-, and treatment-related characteristics.
Compared to the CTO-CTO group, the CTO > VOL group had significantly longer episodes of CCU care, more frequent primary diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and were more likely to be female. Following discharge, CTO > VOL subjects had more frequent reliable and clinically significant improvement in HoNOS scores, as well as more frequently demonstrated reliable improvement in hospital bed use and accommodation instability than the CTO-CTO subjects. CTO discontinuation was predicted by longer duration of CCU care, being a female, and having a smaller number of psychiatry-related bed use prior admission. Our findings suggest that CCU care of sufficient duration may lessen the need for subsequent compulsory treatment in the community.
Keywords: Community treatment order | Severe mental illness | Schizophrenia | ecovery-oriented services | Community mental health
مقاله انگلیسی
8 A descriptive analysis of sentencing decisions by the Canadian criminal justice system of people with intellectual disabilities convicted with sexual offences
تجزیه و تحلیل توصیفی از تصمیمات مجازات توسط سیستم عدالت کیفری کانادا برای افراد دارای ناتوانی ذهنی محکوم به جرایم جنسی-2020
This study reviews sentencing decisions of people diagnosed with intellectual disabilities who have been convicted of sexual offences by judges in Canada. Given the prevalence of people with intellectual disabilities managed within the criminal justice system (CJS), courts have increasingly been faced with issues concerning appropriate sentencing. In addition, many people with intellectual disabilities have complex social and medical backgrounds that require multidisciplinary perspectives to account for each person’s legal and moral culpability, which in turn influences sentencing decisions, including placement in prisons versus rehabilitation programs. The legal databases Canlii and LexisNexis Quicklaw were used to search full text judgements from Canadian courts for adults (over the age of 18) diagnosed with an intellectual disability and charged with a sexual offence. In total, 61 cases were included within the full-text review. These cases were analyzed based on the accuseds demographics, past social history, past medical history, current diagnoses, past criminal record, current charges, mitigating/aggravating factors, use of a Gladue report, sentence, and other pertinent information that contrib- uted to the final judgement. Recommendations on how to increase the effectiveness of the CJS in trying and sentencing people with intellectual disabilities are made based on the findings of this study.
Keywords: Psychiatry | Law | Intellectual Disability | Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder | Sexual offences | riminal justice system | Sentencing
مقاله انگلیسی
9 A scoping review of case law relating to support and treatment for people with Prader-Willi Syndrome
مروری بر حوزه حقوقی مربوط به حمایت و درمان برای افراد مبتلا به سندرم پرادر-ویلی-2020
Background: Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a complex multisystem genetic disorder associated with several challenges for people with PWS themselves, and for their families and care givers. Support around access to food is a particular issue due to impaired satiety and, because of this, people with PWS eat excessive amounts of food (hyperphagia). Together with other aspects of the PWS phenotype including, in many cases, a reduced sensitivity to pain, hyperphagia results in life-threatening obesity and life-shortening complications for some people with PWS. Restrictions to liberty and/or access to food raise important legal and ethical considerations in the clinical management of children and adults with PWS. Particularly where disagreements arise and, in the absence of comprehensive guidance for care providers, the courts may be called upon to resolve these difficult issues. Aims: 1) To review case-law from English-speaking common law jurisdictions concerning support arrangements for people with PWS with a view to identifying issues that have required the intervention of the courts. 2) To identify principles on which to base clinical guidelines relating to the issues identified, ensuring that such guidelines are consistent with ethical and human rights imperatives. Methods: Westlaw, Westlaw AU, and Lexis Nexis were searched for case law concerning the treatment or support of a person with PWS. Results: Fifteen cases from jurisdictions in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America met inclusion criteria. Areas requiring judicial decision making included a) detention in psychiatric hospital; b) support in least restrictive environments c) eligibility for support services; d) guardianship; e) access to special education. Judicial decisions are discussed in the context of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
Keywords: Prader Willi Syndrome | PWS | Intellectual disability | United Nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities | Coercion | Capacity
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Medicalisation and participation in legal capacity determinations in Chile
پزشکی و مشارکت در تعیین ظرفیت قانونی در شیلی-2020
This paper provides an examination of the process used by ordinary courts in Chile when making legal capacity determinations. It provides an up-to-date account of various aspects of law and procedure related to legal capacity in this jurisdiction. Also, by drawing on semi-structured interviews with judges, this paper examines judicial understandings of legal capacity decision-making focusing on problems related to the medicalisation of mental disability and the participation of persons with disabilities in legal capacity procedures.
Keywords: Legal capacity | Participation | Medicalisation | Mental disability | Chile
مقاله انگلیسی
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