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نتیجه جستجو - Disaster risk reduction

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 17
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Indigenous flood control and management knowledge and flood disaster risk reduction in Nigerias coastal communities: An empirical analysis
دانش کنترل و مدیریت سیل بومی و کاهش خطر بلایای سیل در جوامع ساحلی نیجریه: یک تحلیل تجربی-2021
Flooding is one of the major global challenges today. The role of indigenous knowledge in offering an effective risk reduction strategy towards flood disaster disregarded for many decades is now gaining global recognition. There is a growing call for empirical identification of the effectiveness of indigenous knowledge in flood risk reduction. Consequently, this paper empirically examines indigenous flood control and management knowledge with the intent to identify its effectiveness in risk reduction of flood disasters in Nigeria’s coastal communities. This is to provide empirical bases for the formulation of appropriate strategies for enhancing flood risk reduction in Nigeria’s coastal communities. The research engaged focus group discussion and questionnaire methods to generate primary data. The research proceeds with principal component analysis to classify and measure the effectiveness of indigenous flood control and management knowledge in flood risk reduction. The result shows the existence of eight types of indigenous flood control and management knowledge in the coastal communities and they were 61.2% effective in flood risk reduction. This implies that indigenous flood control and manage- ment knowledge practiced in Nigeria’s coastal communities is effective in flood risk reduction. This study pro- posed a sustainable approach to risk reduction in flood disasters based on the integration of indigenous knowledge systems and modern flood management strategies.
keywords: دانش بومی | کنترل سیل | جوامع ساحلی | مدیریت | فاجعه سیل | کاهش خطر | Indigenous knowledge | Flood control | Coastal communities | Management | Flood disaster | Risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Local knowledge of emerging hazards: Instability above an Icelandic glacier
دانش محلی از خطرات در حال ظهور: بی ثباتی بالاتر از یخچال های ایسلندی-2021
Climate change is contributing to shifts in the magnitude and scale of hazards, and the emergence of risks in areas where they were previously unknown. In south-east Iceland, a fracture in the mountainside of Svínafellsheiði threatens to cause between 60 and 100 million cubic metres of rock to fall onto the glacier below. A large landslide could break up the surface of the glacier, crash into the proglacial lake, and affect people and infrastructure downhill. In addition to the unprecedented scale, the Svínafellsheiði fracture represents the first time people and infrastructure have been exposed to this type of hazard in Iceland. In this article we examine the role of local knowledge in disaster risk reduction and management for communities that are facing a particular type of hazard for the first time. We argue that even when a community lacks experience with a specific type of hazard, local knowledge can still play a valuable role in hazard identification and risk management.
keywords: کاهش خطر و مدیریت خطر فاجعه | دانش محلی | رانش زمین | ایسلند | خطر ظهور | Svínafellsheiði | Disaster risk reduction and management | Local knowledge | Landslide | Iceland | Emerging hazard
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Resilience learning and indigenous knowledge of earthquake risk in Indonesia
یادگیری تاب آوری و دانش بومی خطر زلزله در اندونزی-2021
In the context of earthquake risk, a vulnerability and resilience perspective has changed a purely technological orientation in facing natural hazards. One aspect of this change is the increasing awareness to include indige- nous, traditional knowledge, community-based action, and local practices as well as experience from historic events in earthquake hazard management. Various research has shown that indigenous knowledge has an important role in avoiding undesired impacts from hazards. The involvement of indigenous knowledge into hazard management has been accepted as a fruitful approach by many countries. In Indonesia, the indigenous response to natural hazards, especially towards earthquakes, is to adapt the house constructions according to the hazards from their surrounding living environment and these have been tested and proven for many centuries. But while such indigenous knowledge has existed for centuries, learning requires more than just remembering, it needs to be translated into new actions. This paper highlights connections between knowing and acting on di- sasters, as manifested in house construction, and how this resonates with the concept of resilience.
keywords: راه حل های مبتنی بر طبیعت | تمرین تاب آوری | مردم بومی | رویدادهای تاریخی | کاهش خطر بحران | Nature-based solutions | Resilience practice | Indigenous people | Historical events | Disaster risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Capacity building in participatory approaches for hydro-climatic Disaster Risk Management in the Caribbean
ایجاد ظرفیت در رویکردهای مشارکتی برای مدیریت ریسک بلایای آبی-اقلیمی در کارائیب-2021
The participatory approach to Disaster Risk Management (DRM) considers socio-economic factors and facilitates the incorporation of local and indigenous knowledge into management plans while offering an opportunity to all resource users to have an input. Caribbean WaterNet/Cap-Net UNDP, Global Water Partnership-Caribbean (GWP-C), and the Faculty of Food and Agriculture, The University of the West Indies (FFA, UWI) conducted a series of regional training of trainers’ workshops in Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management and Drought Risk Management to build regional capacity in this approach. The trainings took place over two years in six (6) Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Over 150 persons from a range of sectors relevant to water resource management participated and contributed. The workshop gathered information on sectoral impacts, potential mitigation measures and challenges of hydro-climatic hazards. Capacity building and knowledge transfer was evaluated at two stages; at the end of the last day of training and 6 months after, as part of a monitoring and evaluation assessment. Both the initial and 6-month evaluations revealed significant knowledge transfer and subsequent institutional and policy impacts. Initial evaluation indicated 99% participant satisfaction with both training content and structure. In the six-month evaluation, 85% of participants indicated that the knowledge gained was used to improve their work performance and, in some cases, contributed to changes in institutional policy and frameworks.
keywords: کاهش خطر بلایا | خشکسالی و سیل | مشاوره با ذینفعان | کشورهای جزیره ای کوچک در حال توسعه | Disaster risk reduction | Drought and floods | Stakeholder consultations | Small island developing states
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Disaster management digitally transformed: Exploring the impact and key determinants from the UK national disaster management experience
مدیریت فاجعه به صورت دیجیتالی تبدیل شده است: بررسی تأثیر و عوامل تعیین کننده از تجربه ملی مدیریت بلایای انگلیس-2020
With the increasing social and economic devastation caused by disasters around the world, the international community and country-level National Disaster Management (NDM) authorities have placed improving their ways to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters as a top priority. Technological advancements and the 4th Industrial Revolution are critical tools to help achieve this. However, they also present many challenges to traditional NDM systems by altering the fundamental operational, organizational, and social dynamics of conventional disaster management. Currently, there is a lack of research that studies these aspects beyond technology and examines the impact of digital transformation on the full life cycle of disaster management on the national level. Therefore, this research fills this gap by integrating interdisciplinary concepts from different research fields including Disaster Management, Information Systems, and Business Management to understand the impact and determinants of digital transformation in NDM systems. To achieve this, the research uses the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and conducts semi-structured interviews with UK NDM experts. The results show that the impact of digital transformation on NDM is profound, paradoxical, multi-directional, and driven by a multitude of driving forces. This research makes many significant contributions to research and practice. Theoretically, this research expands the TOE framework beyond its original underpinnings by uncovering a new set of disaster-context determinants. It also presents an innovative Layered Cake FAST (Foundations-Approach-Strategy-Technology) Model that offers a unique roadmap for NDM on how to handle its digital transformation journey. Practically, the research presents several sets of useful expert- recommended actions.
Keywords: Disaster risk reduction | Disaster and crisis management | Digital transformation | Technology innovation | Adoption | TOE Framework | Sendai
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Stigma and disaster risk reduction among vulnerable groups: Considering people receiving opioid substitution treatment
اثار بیماری روانی و کاهش خطر بلایا در بین گروه های آسیب پذیر: در نظر گرفتن افرادی که تحت درمان جایگزینی مواد مخدر قرار می گیرند-2020
This work explores the ways in which stigma influences how people engage with disaster risk reduction. It specifically addresses the experiences and perceptions of stigma for people who receive Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST), a successful harm reduction strategy that reduces illicit drug use, risk of overdose and criminal activity. Unfortunately, while receiving OST people endure stigma because of their perceived or assumed history of drug use, which positions them as socially deviant and unacceptable. During a disaster or emergency, forms of social stigma from health and emergency management personnel have implications for access to treatment such as OST. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 21 people receiving OST from services in four major cities in Aotearoa New Zealand, an interpretive analysis was applied to better understand how stigma matters to their lived experience. Four key themes, namely “Experiences of stigma”, “Discrimination from health professionals”, and “Disasters and emergency management” and “Support within disaster contexts” were identified in their talk. We conclude that it is vital that medications and other necessary treatments are made accessible to those who need them to maintain health and wellbeing. It is important to be aware that stigmatising beliefs manifest in disaster-response settings which have consequences for people who are already more vulnerable than others. Therefore we suggest that appropriate education and training be provided.
Keywords: Stigma | Opioid substitution treatment | OST | Vulnerability | Disaster | Risk reduction | Preparedness
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Challenges and benefits of community-based safer school construction
چالش ها و مزایای جامعه مبتنی بر ساخت و ساز امن تر مدرسه-2020
Over the last two decades, millions of classrooms have been built through such efforts as the global Education for All campaign and the Millennium Development Goals. Community-based school construction is prevalent in areas where the onus of education has traditionally been on the community or where governments has devolved decision-making to subnational or local bodies. Interviews with 58 practitioners with expertise in communitybased construction in Africa, Latin America, and Asia illuminate both the challenges and benefits of community-based approaches. These practitioners sought to achieve the twin goal of ensuring children have access to educational facilities and ensuring such facilities are able to withstand natural hazards without costly damage that can kill, injure children and school personnel, or disrupt education. Practitioners found that community-based approaches to safer school construction can support local livelihoods and build capacity; the approach can also increase the skills of local stakeholders for maintaining the school after project completion. It also helps develop local capacity for disaster risk management. However, practitioners noted that introduction of new materials and construction techniques, which may be necessary to achieve hazard-resistant construction, were sometimes resisted or ineffectively implemented. Other times, decisions at the design stage did not adequately reflect field realities, increasing risk to future occupants. Overall, reduction in labor and material costs often came with slower construction and higher costs devoted to local training and oversight. The insights help identify key principles for community-based construction that can help ensure safer schools and increased community capacity for disaster risk reduction.
Keywords: Comprehensive school safety | school construction | education | disasters
مقاله انگلیسی
8 The ESPREssO Action Database: Collecting and assessing measures for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation
پایگاه داده عملیاتی ESPREssO: جمع آوری و ارزیابی اقدامات برای کاهش خطر در برابر بلایای طبیعی و سازگاری با تغییرات آب و هوا-2020
The Action Database (ADB) was developed during the ESPREssO project (Enhancing Synergies for Disaster Prevention in the European Union) in order to store and analyze relevant ideas emerging during the project to deal with the challenges. It provides the opportunity to formalize discussions and to store their content in a synthetic format, as well as to collect experiences and evaluate the impacts they had at their respective scales of implementation and on different parameters. The major aim of the ESPREssO-ADB tool, and its main innovation, is to deal with multi-hazard and multi-challenge actions, in an international context and notably in a cross-border initiative. The ESPREssO project aimed at contributing to a new strategic vision on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) in Europe. To do so, stakeholders working with CCA and/or DRR in Europe were consulted to identify measures boosting adaptation or societies’ resilience. Each idea, measure or comment was stored and ranked in the ADB using qualitative criteria based on the Sendai Priorities and the SHIELD model proposed by the ESPREssO Team. Each action was assessed through multi-criteria analysis and effectiveness was approached under two different angles. The first one in line with the priorities of the Sendai Framework; and the second one with the SHIELD model. This model incorporate recommendations on how to optimize risk management capabilities through DRR. Positive actions had fed the Vision Paper and Guidelines produced by the project. This paper describes in details the ADB structure and the multi-criteria analysis performed.
Keywords: Action database | Europe | Disaster prevention | Disaster risk reduction (DRR) | Climate change adaptation (CCA) | Cross border crisis management | Stakeholders
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Normalized Difference Flood Index for rapid flood mapping: Taking advantage of EO big data
شاخص سیلاب نرمال شده برای نقشه برداری سریع سیل: استفاده از داده های بزرگ EO-2018
Climate change projections foresee an increasing number of intense precipitation events with consequent flash and riverine floods. An accurate and rapid mapping of these phenomena is a key component of effective emergency management and disaster risk reduction plans. Earth Observation big data such as the ones acquired by the Copernicus programme, are providing unprecedented opportunities to detect changes and assess eco nomic impacts in case of disasters. This paper presents an innovative flood mapping technique based on an index which is computed using multi temporal statistics of Synthetic Aperture Radar images. The index compares a large amount of reference scenes to those acquired during the investigated flood and allows an easy categorization of “flooded” areas; either areas solely temporarily covered by water or areas with mixed water and vegetation. The method has been developed specifically to exploit Sentinel-1 data but can be applied to any other sensor. It has been tested for the 2010 flood of Veneto (Italy) and the floods of 2015 in Malawi and Uganda. Extensive qualitative analysis and cross-com parison with other state-of-the art methods, proved the proposed approach highly reliable and particularly ef fective, allowing a precise, simple and fast flood mapping. Compared to the maps produced for emergency management for the event analyzed, we obtained an overall agreement of 96.7% for Malawi and an average of 96.5% for Veneto for the 5 maps presented.
Keywords: SAR ، Flood mapping ، EO big data ، Flood index ، Multi-temporal statistics
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Comparison of national strategies in France, Germany and Switzerland for DRR and cross-border crisis management
مقایسه استراتژی های ملی در فرانسه، آلمان و سوئیس برای DRR و مدیریت بحران مرزی-2018
The ESPREssO project (funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, under Grant Agreement No. 700342) prioritises the need for overcoming barriers to disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Europe, with cross-border crisis management identified as one of its three central challenges. In this paper, we present a synthesis of the different legal, policy and scientific approaches to DRR in France, Germany and Switzerland, through work carried out for the ESPREssO project on the basis of stakeholder interviews and an analysis of legal and policy references. A comparison of these three differing DRR strategies is then carried out, focusing specifically on resulting impacts for cross-border crisis management, capitalizing on lessons learned from the tri-national border region Upper Rhine Valley to complete the analysis.
Keywords: ESPREssO, Disaster Risk Reduction, Transboundary, Upper Rhine
مقاله انگلیسی
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