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نتیجه جستجو - Discernment

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 5
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Perceptions by employed accounting students of ethical leadership and political skill: Evidence for including political skill in ethics pedagogy
ادراکات توسط دانشجویان حسابداری استخدام شده از رهبری اخلاقی و مهارت سیاسی: شواهد شامل مهارت های سیاسی در آموزش اخلاق-2021
Using a sample of 703 full- or part-time employed students from two U.S. universities, we conducted an empirical investigation of the relation between perceptions of ethical leadership and perceptions of political skill. The sample was composed of 141 accounting majors and 562 non-accounting students. The results indicated that the two concepts were highly correlated. Our findings also indicate that perception of both ethical leadership and political skill significantly dropped with age and work experience. Moreover, accounting seniors who had previously completed a standalone ethics course had higher perceptions than their counterparts on both constructs, which were still highly correlated. This finding suggests that the ethics education of these students may not have positively impacted their discernment in the area of ethical sensitivity. Thus, accounting students may enter the workforce with inadequate ethical sensitivity, and entry-level accountants may therefore be prone to cognitively confuse the leadership attributes of political skills and ethics. The ability of accountants to differentiate between the ethical leadership and the political skill of leaders, and/or knowledge of how the political skills of leaders could mask their unethical guidance, is posited as an area of ethical sensitivity worthy of inclusion in accounting ethics pedagogy.
keywords: اخلاق حسابداری | اخلاق کسب و کار | آموزش اخلاق | آموزش اخلاق حسابداری | پرسشنامه مهارت های سیاسی | psi | مقیاس رهبری اخلاقی | از | حساسیت اخلاقی | Accounting ethics | Business ethics | Ethics education | Accounting ethics education | Political skills inventory | PSI | Ethical leadership scale | ELS | Ethical sensitivity
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Abolition of judgment: A review of the practices of psychiatric experts in western France
لغو قضاوت: مروری بر رویه های متخصصان روانپزشکی-2020
Objectives. – The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics of subjects considered to be criminally irresponsible due to abolition of judgment pursuant to article 122-1, §1 of the French Penal Code. Materials and methods. – This retrospective study gathered every forensic assessment in 2016 that concluded in criminal irresponsibility from eight forensic psychiatrists practicing in the west of France. We proceeded to study the frequency of abolitions, the socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, the psychiatric pathologies as defined by the DSM-5, the crimes committed, the clinical justifications and the conclusions of the forensic psychiatrist concerning the potential forced hospitalisation of the subject, the psychiatric dangerousness, curability and the ability to readapt of the subject. Results. – Thirty-eight assessments out of the 763 collected concluded in abolition of judgment, a frequency of 4.98%. The subjects suffered from a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or a paranoid delusional disorder (85.2%). The most present clinical elements were paranoid delusions of persecution (23.1%), from intuitive, interpretative, hallucinatory or mental automatism mechanisms (39.7%) and dissociative syndrome (10.7%). Subjects with abolished judgment weren’t always considered dangerous (for 34.3% of individuals) even if a schizophrenia diagnosis was correlated (f = 0.03). Forced hospitalisation was proposed in 50% of assessments and associated with the conclusion of dangerousness (f = 0.01). Conclusions. – Schizophrenia spectrum disorders or paranoid delusional disorders are the most common pathologies in forensic psychiatric assessments concluding in abolition of judgment.
Keywords: Criminal liability | Discernment | Paranoid delusion | Psychiatric expertise | Psychiatric dangerousness | Psychiatric pathology | Schizophrenia
مقاله انگلیسی
3 What is the criminal responsibility of the perpetrator of an offense committed under the influence of alcohol?
مسئولیت کیفری مرتکب جرمی که تحت تأثیر الکل انجام شده است چیست؟-2020
Context. – Excessive consumption of alcohol is a major problem for public health in France and in particular in Pays de la Loire and Brittany. It is considered a factor encouraging criminal behaviors. There is a paradox between the alcohol consumption considered by judges as aggravating circumstances of the infraction on one hand and scientific data establishing that in certain circumstances (amount, consumption habits, background, polydrug use, . . .) alcohol could change the judgment and discernment of the consumer on the other hand. However, during criminal proceedings, the expert psychiatrist may be called upon to assess the degree of discernment of the perpetrator of the committed infraction under the influence of alcohol. Depending on whether the judge pronounce an intact, an altered or an abolished discernment — after having taken into account the conclusions of the expert psychiatrist — the perpetrator of the infraction will be considered as entirely or partially responsible or as irresponsible. Goal. – The goal is to assess the proportion of abolition or alteration of discernment that is proposed by psychiatrists when an infraction is committed under the influence of alcohol. Patient and methodology. – The study is retrospective and multicentric. It includes the criminal appraisals relating to the liability that have been performed by psychiatrists of the Courts of Appeal of Rennes and Angers over the period from the 1st January 2015 to the 31st December 2016. The exclusion criteria are criminal appraisals which do not relate to criminal liability and criminal investigations for infractions that are not committed under the influence of alcohol. Results. – We browse 529 psychiatric appraisals and 104 of them were included. Appraisals that did not correspond to evaluation of responsibility (appraisals of victim, appraisals of guardianship or curatorship, appraisals of dangerousness after sentencing), appraisals for which author of the facts did not consume alcohol or data on alcohol consumption was not available, were excluded. Seven experts psychiatrists practicing in Brittany and Pays de la Loire did contribute to the study. The statistical analysis did not brought to light an impact of alcohol consumption on the degree of discernment assessed by the experts. The existence of an alcohol-related disorder in the perpetrator was not significantly associated with an impairment of discernment. On the other hand, the presence of psychiatric comorbidity (p < 0,001) and the existence of a psychiatric care after the commission of the offense (p < 0,02) were the only data significantly associated with an impairment of discernment. Conclusion. – The consumption of alcohol during a criminal offense is not retained by the experts as a factor disturbing discernment.
Keywords: Alcohol | Criminal responsibility | Discernment | Forensic psychiatry | Offense | Psychiatric expertise | Use
مقاله انگلیسی
4 The role of substance use disorder in the commission of criminal offenses by subjects suffering from schizophrenia
نقش اختلال در مصرف مواد در ارتکاب جرایم جنایی توسط افراد مبتلا به اسکیزوفرنی-2020
Introduction. – Although the association between schizophreniaand violence has been established, the mediating role of associa-ted substance use disorder is still debated. Addictive comorbidities,identified in almost half of people with schizophrenia, are conside-red to be a main explanation for delinquency in this population,regardless of the mental disorder. However, some authors describethe existence of sub-groups of subjects with schizophrenia whomay be violent and for whom substance-related disorders wouldnot always be necessary for the emergence of violent behaviors.Objective. – The purpose of this study was to assess the fre-quency of substance use disorders in subjects with schizophreniawho had committed criminal offenses and to compare the socio-demographic, historical, clinical, and criminal characteristics ofthese subjects with and without an associated substance use disor-der.Method. – We conducted a descriptive study based on forensicreports realized between 2001 and 2018 from a single expert in criminal cases. All reports involving patients suffering from schizo-phrenia were retrospectively included in our study.Results. – Our sample consisted of 104 subjects suffering from schi-zophrenia and having committed criminal offenses. A psychoactivesubstance use disorder (USPA) was found in 52 subjects (50%).There were no significant differences between the two groups inthe pattern of infractions committed. However, there were clinicalspecificities in each group. Thus, offenders with schizophrenia whowere non-users of psychoactive substances (NUSPA) had signifi-cantly more criminal history of violence against others (73.9% vs.42.3%; p = 0.026) and more acute psychotic symptoms at the time ofthe offense (67.3% vs. 30.8%, p < 0.001). The expert more often retai-ned an abolition of discernment in the NUSPA group (68.6 VS 32.7;p < 0.01) and a diminished discernment in schizophrenic subjectsusing psychoactive substances (USPA) (31.4% VS 67.3%; p < 0.01).Conclusions. – Half of the schizophrenic offenders did not have acomorbid substance use disorder. The increased risk of delinquencyin subjects with schizophrenia cannot only be attributed to theeffects of associated substance use. There is delinquency associatedwith schizophrenic illness, apart from substance use, that has somespecific characteristics that warrant the pursuit of further studies.
Keywords:Addiction | Comorbidity | Crime | Violence| Schizophrenia | Forensic psychiatry | Retrospective study
مقاله انگلیسی
5 عوامل موثر بر ادراک خریداران مطابق با استراتژی بازاریابی: یک مورد از محصول بومی تایلندی
سال انتشار: 2010 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 5 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 8
به طور سنتی و محلی صنایع وهنرهای دستی ساخته شده از قبیل ابریشم تایلندی، سفال و منبت کاری بعنوان بخشی از محصولات با سبک بومی محلی در نظر گرفته شده اند. پیشرفت وتوسعه چنین محصولاتی نیاز به ملاحظات دقیق، تشخیص مصرف کننده و ادراک هنری در میان عوامل مهمی دارد که موفقیتی از طراحی را تعیین می کنند، و در نتیجه، پذیرش محصولات را تعیین می کنند. تحقیق از مجموعه ای از طراحی های بومی بعنوان مطالعه موردی برای تست ادراک شناختی از کاربرانی که تاریخچه ظروف را تشخیص می دهند و آنهایی که تشخیص نمی دهند، استفاده می شود. مصرف کنندگان خاص_ گردشگران هستند که از اهالی بیگانه (خارجی)، مردمی محلی، و شهرنشینان اند_ که متغیر هایی را کنترل می کنند که به فرض سلیقه و برداشت های مختلفی را در بر داشتند .
کلمات کلیدی: ادراک بازاریابی | ادراک دیداری | ظاهر محصول | طراحی محصول | محصول بومی تایلندی.
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