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Ecosystem accounting to support the Common Agricultural Policy
حسابداری اکوسیستم برای حمایت از سیاست های کشاورزی مشترک-2021 The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EA) provides an integrated
statistical framework which organizes spatially explicit data on environmental quality, natural capital and
ecosystem services and links this information to economic activities such as agriculture. In this paper we assess
how the SEEA EA can support the monitoring and evaluation of environmental objectives of the Common
Agricultural Policy (CAP). We focus on the Netherlands, for which an elaborate set of SEEA EA accounts has been
published, and the themes of nitrogen pollution and farmland biodiversity. We studied the completeness of in-
dicators included in the accounts, their quality and analysed how the accounts could support agri-environmental
reporting, agri-environmental measures effectiveness assessments, and results-based payments to farmers. As a
reference we used the Driving forces – Pressures – State – Impacts - Responses (DPSIR) framework. The Dutch
SEEA EA accounts only include half of the indicators which we considered essential to assess the effects of
farming on natural capital and ecosystem services for the two studied environmental themes. However, most
gaps in the accounts could be filled with other publicly available environmental monitoring data. Regarding N
pollution, the availability and reliability of indicators at landscape and farm scales are not sufficient to support
the assessment of agri-environmental measures effectiveness and results-based payments to decrease N pollution.
The accounts have a higher potential to support the assessment of measures to conserve farmland biodiversity, in
particular due to high resolution maps of ecosystem extent and ecosystem services flows. The potential of the
SEEA EA accounts may be more limited in other countries where ecosystem accounting has only recently started.
However, the SEEA EA is also implemented at the European Union scale, so that SEEA EA indicators will
gradually become available for all European countries. To enhance the relevance of the SEEA EA in the agri-
environmental policy area, we recommend to integrate information on farming emissions (externalities) recor-
ded in the SEEA Central Framework with SEEA EA accounts and evaluate the applicability of SEEA EA accounts
for case studies at landscape and farm scales. Our research shows that the Dutch SEEA EA accounts, com-
plemented with other data sources, have potential to strongly enhance the CAP monitoring and evaluation
framework but further steps need to be taken to fill data gaps. keywords: اقدامات زیست محیطی | کلاه لبه دار | رادیو | پایتخت طبیعی | خدمات محیط زیستی | زمینه های کشاورزی | Agri-environment measures | CAP | SEEA EA | Natural capital | Ecosystem services | Farming externalities |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Developing sustainable supply chain management: The interplay of institutional pressures and sustainability capabilities
Developing sustainable supply chain management: The interplay of institutional pressures and sustainability capabilities-2021 With growing concern about social impacts and environmental protection, sustainable supply chain management has become a focus of interest for business practitioners and academics. This study examines the driving forces of sustainable supply chain management practices. Drowning on institutional theory and the resource-based view, this study empirically examines the driving effects of institutional pressures (in terms of governance pressure, customer pressure, and competitive pressure) and internal sustainability capabilities (in terms of top management leadership and technical capability) and their interactions on sustainable supply chain management practices. Based on empirical analysis of data from 172 Chinese firms, the findings reveal that institutional pressures and sustainability capabilities simultaneously and jointly motivate the implementation of sustainable supply chain management practices. Interestingly, the interactions of technical capabilities with governance pressures and customer pressures significantly and negatively influence sustainable supply chain management practice adoption, while the interactions of top management leadership with competitive pressures positively affect the pursuit of sustainable supply chain management practices.© 2021 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Key words: Sustainable supply chain management | institutional pressures | sustainability capabilities | top management | technical capability |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Road freight emission in China: From supply chain perspective
انتشار بار جاده ای در چین: از دیدگاه زنجیره تامین-2021 Freight emissions management has entered the deep-water zone. This study evaluated road freight emissions from supply chain perspective using China’s 2007, 2010 and 2012 multiregional input-output table. For the first time, we quantified road freight emission based on sectors in China. Heavy industries, mining, agriculture and light industry contributed 71%,14%, 12% and 3% of total NOx emissions in 2012 from production perspective. Construction was the largest consumption sector (43%) responsible for road freight emission from consumption perspective. Upstream transport and final product transport emitted 3.04 Tg (80%) and 0.77 Tg (20%) NOx in 2012. Huge disparities of road freight emissions flows and allocation patterns were found across provinces in China in terms of resource endowments, geographical position and economic development. The road freight emission increased rapidly from 2007 to 2012, and economic growth effect outpaced emission control effect caused by emission standard upgrade and thus dominated the emission growth. The production structure and consumption pattern changes also promoted the emission growth. It is thus important to mitigate freight emissions with different strategies based on a certain sector’s freight emissions features from the whole supply chain. Keywords: Road freight emission | Input-output analysis | Driving force | Supply chain |
مقاله انگلیسی |
4 |
A knowledge-intensive adaptive business process management framework
چارچوب مدیریت فرآیند تجاری تطبیقی مبتنی بر دانش-2021 Business process management has been the driving force of optimization and operational efficiency for
companies until now, but the digitalization era we have been experiencing requires businesses to be
agile and responsive as well. In order to be a part of this digital transformation, delivering new levels
of automation-fueled agility through digitalization of BPM itself is required. However, the automation
of BPM cannot be achieved by solely focusing on process space and classical planning techniques. It
requires a holistic approach that also captures the social aspects of the business environment, such as
corporate strategies, organization policies, negotiations, and cooperation. For this purpose, we combine
BPM, knowledge-intensive systems and intelligent agent technologies, and yield one consolidated
intelligent business process management framework, namely agileBPM, that governs the entire BPM
life-cycle. Accordingly, agileBPM proposes a modeling methodology to semantically capture the
business interests, enterprise environment and process space in accordance with the agent-oriented
software engineering paradigm. The proposed agent-based process execution environment provides
cognitive capabilities (such as goal-driven planning, norm compliance, knowledge-driven actions, and
dynamic cooperation) on top of the developed business models to support knowledge workers’ multicriteria decision making tasks. The context awareness and exception handling capabilities of the
proposed approach have been presented with experimental studies. Through comparative evaluations,
it is shown that agileBPM is the most comprehensive knowledge-intensive process management
solution.
keywords: مدیریت فرآیند کسب و کار | فرایندهای دانش فشرده | مدل سازی و اجرای فرآیند | انطباق فرآیند | مدیریت فرآیند کسب و کار مبتنی بر عامل | مدیریت فرآیند کسب و کار چابک | Business process management | Knowledge-intensive processes | Process modeling and execution | Process adaptation | Agent-based business process management | Agile business process management |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Paying the price: consequences for children’s education in prison in a market society
پرداخت قیمت: عواقب آموزش کودکان در زندان در جامعه بازار-2020 This article explores consequences for children’s education in custodial institutions in a contemporary market
society, England and Wales. It finds that policy decision-making designed to ‘transform’ prison education for
children is primarily influenced by a desire to limit the cost to the public purse of custodial placements. This
paper argues that market values influence decision-making in the youth custody sector and shape the nature and
quality of provision that children are permitted to access. The consequences associated with this include further
fragmentation of prison provision for children, an imbalance in the types of custodial place made available, (with
children disproportionately contained in the cheapest type of provision), geographical discrepancies and persistent
high re-offending rates. The concern with the costs of custody is particularly prominent in a society
subject to ‘austerity’ measures across a wide range of public services, particularly in the criminal justice sector
(Ismail, 2020). However, it is inconsistent with contemporary knowledge and understanding of children in
custody, their needs and their vulnerabilities. The transformation supposedly sought is unlikely to materialize
while annual cost-per-child place is a dominant driving force. Instead, we need to start with an understanding of
what individual support children in prison need in order to be ‘education ready’. Keywords: education | learning | market society | prison | children |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Disaster management digitally transformed: Exploring the impact and key determinants from the UK national disaster management experience
مدیریت فاجعه به صورت دیجیتالی تبدیل شده است: بررسی تأثیر و عوامل تعیین کننده از تجربه ملی مدیریت بلایای انگلیس-2020 With the increasing social and economic devastation caused by disasters around the world, the international community and country-level National Disaster Management (NDM) authorities have placed improving their ways to mitigate, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters as a top priority. Technological advancements and the 4th Industrial Revolution are critical tools to help achieve this. However, they also present many challenges to traditional NDM systems by altering the fundamental operational, organizational, and social dynamics of conventional disaster management. Currently, there is a lack of research that studies these aspects beyond technology and examines the impact of digital transformation on the full life cycle of disaster management on the national level. Therefore, this research fills this gap by integrating interdisciplinary concepts from different research fields including Disaster Management, Information Systems, and Business Management to understand the impact and determinants of digital transformation in NDM systems. To achieve this, the research uses the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and conducts semi-structured interviews with UK NDM experts. The results show that the impact of digital transformation on NDM is profound, paradoxical, multi-directional, and driven by a multitude of driving forces. This research makes many significant contributions to research and practice. Theoretically, this research expands the TOE framework beyond its original underpinnings by uncovering a new set of disaster-context determinants. It also presents an innovative Layered Cake FAST (Foundations-Approach-Strategy-Technology) Model that offers a unique roadmap for NDM on how to handle its digital transformation journey. Practically, the research presents several sets of useful expert- recommended actions. Keywords: Disaster risk reduction | Disaster and crisis management | Digital transformation | Technology innovation | Adoption | TOE Framework | Sendai |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Monetary financing and fiscal discipline
تأمین مالی و انضباط مالی-2020 Rules governing monetary state financing vary across jurisdictions. The mainstream rationale for bans of
state financing rests on the empirical assumption that monetary financing undermines fiscal discipline.
We address the plausibility of this assumption by estimating local projection models for a panel of euro
area countries to explore the reaction of the sovereigns’ fiscal position to a monetary policy shock. Our
results suggest that fiscal discipline is not waning after an expansionary monetary policy innovation
that can be related to non-standard policy interventions, as expressed through an improvement of the
primary balance despite declining borrowing costs. While no compelling inferences can be made as to
the driving force of this improvement – political pressure channeled through conditionality may be a
plausible explanation – our results suggest that empirical claims on the adverse effect of unconventional
monetary policy on fiscal discipline are ill-founded.
Keywords: Monetary financing | Fiscal discipline | Local projections | Monetary policy surprises |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Linking big data analytical intelligence to customer relationship management performance
پیوند دادن هوش تحلیلی داده های بزرگ با عملکرد مدیریت ارتباط با مشتری-2020 This study investigates the driving forces of a firm’s assimilation of big data analytical intelligence (BDAI) and how the assimilation of BDAI improve customer relationship management (CRM) performance. Drawing on the resource-based view, this study argues that a firm’s data-driven culture and the competitive pressure it faces in the industry motivate a firm’s assimilation of BDAI. As a firm resource, BDAI enables an organization to develop superior mass-customization capability, which in turn positively influences its CRM performance. In addition, this study proposes that a firm’s marketing capability can moderate the impact of BDAI assimilation on its mass- customization capability. Using survey data collected from 147 business-to-business companies, this study find ssupport for most of the hypotheses. The findings of this study uncover compelling insights about the dynamics involved in the process of using BDAI to improve CRM performance. Keywords: Big data | Data-driven culture | Competitive pressures | Mass customization | Marketing capability | CRM performance |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
A hybrid stochastic model based Bayesian approach for long term energy demand managements
یک مدل تصادفی ترکیبی مبتنی بر رویکرد بیزی برای مدیریت طولانی مدت تقاضای انرژی-2020 In this study, a hybrid stochastic model (BScA model) using Bayesian approach and scenario analysis to forecast
long term energy demand is developed. The main objective of this study is to design and develop a model for
energy analysis in demand side and describe the energy saving and GHG reduction potential on the other. For
this, total energy demand is selected as the response variable and primary energy production, population, GDP
and natural gas and gasoline prices are chosen as covariates. Also, Political drivers, economic drivers, socialenvironmental
and technological drivers are the key driving forces for scenario development. After interview
and ranking the drivers, we have built scenario matrixes and reducing them upon strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
and how the energy system perspective in each of the scenarios develop. Results show that primary
energy production and population growth have positive impact on energy demand. And Energy consumption
would decrease with energy price increase. And, economic development would rise energy demand. Also, the
total potential for energy saving is equal to 3663 MBOE in duration of 2016–2040. Results demonstrate the
energy intensity (EI) will be 2.12 MBOE/Million Rials in 2040 if energy saving solutions are taken. And, the
carbon emission will reduce about 32% in 2040. Keywords: Bayesian | Energy demand | Scenario analysis | Hybrid stochastic model | Energy intensity | Energy saving |
مقاله انگلیسی |
10 |
“Side-Business” Development in Japanese Major Private Passenger Railways
توسعه "تجارت جانبی" در راه آهن مسافر مسافرتی عمده ژاپن-2020 Railway privatization continues to progress in Japan and overseas, but progress was not always smooth and there have been cases of management failure following privatization. Therefore, it is important to establish appropriate business management policies and strategies. Major railway companies in Japan have been operating railway businesses together with a collection of side- businesses in a unique way. The term side-business in the context of Japan’s railway industry covers a wide range of businesses, including transportation, real estate, merchandise sales, tourism and leisure. These side-businesses are no longer on the side as they currently account for about 70 to 90% of Japan’s major private railway companies’ revenues, making them important sources of revenue. The process, factors and characteristics of diversification strategies used by Japanese major railways can offer useful background information and insights for the investigation of future railway privatization methods. This study examines the details and time periods of such side- businesses and provides a model for classifying them by era and according to their characteristics. The model developed highlights the variety of ways that companies diversified their business activities and historically maps the establishment of such side-business. Moreover, in recent years, six types of structures for operating revenue have emerged, which demonstrates that side- businesses are not incidental to the railway business in Japan, but are also a driving force that creates innovation and synergistic effects.© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the World Conference on Transport Research – WCTR 2019 Keywords: Private Passenger Railway | Diversity | Management | Side-business | Visualization |
مقاله انگلیسی |