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نتیجه جستجو - Drug testing

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Methadone treatment of arrestees: A randomized clinical trial
درمان متادون از دستگیر شدگان: یک کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی-2020
Background: Opioid use disorder is common among detainees in US jails, yet methadone treatment is rarely initiated. Methods: This is a three-group randomized controlled trial in which 225 detainees in Baltimore treated for opioid withdrawal were assigned to: (1) interim methadone (IM) with patient navigation (IM+PN); (2) IM; or (3) enhanced treatment-as-usual (ETAU). Participants in both IM groups were able to enter standard methadone treatment upon release, while ETAU participants received an assessment/referral number. Follow-up assessments at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-release determined treatment enrollment, urine drug testing results, selfreported days of drug use, criminal activity, and overdose events. Generalized linear mixed modelling examined two planned contrasts: (1) IM groups combined vs. ETAU; and (2) IM+PN vs. IM. Results: On an intention-to-treat basis, compared to ETAU, significantly more participants in the combined IM groups were in treatment 30 days post-release, while the IM+PN vs. IM groups did not significantly differ. By month 12, there were no significant differences in the estimated marginal means of enrollment in any kind of drug treatment (0.40 and 0.27 for IM+PN and IM groups, respectively, compared to 0.29 for ETAU). There were no significant differences for either contrast in opioid-positive tests, although all groups reported a sharp decrease in heroin use from baseline to follow-up. There were five fatal overdoses, but none occurred during methadone treatment. Conclusion: Initiating methadone treatment in jail was effective in promoting entry into community-based drug abuse treatment but subsequent treatment discontinuation attenuated any potential impact of such treatment.
Keywords: Interim methadone treatment | Patient navigation | Criminal justice | Jail | Overdose death | Opioid use disorder
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Gendered drug policy: Motherisk and the regulation of mothering in Canada
سیاست مواد مخدر جنسیتی: Motherisk و تنظیم مادرانگی در کانادا-2019
Background: Due to misinformation and enduring discourses about pregnant women and mothers suspected of using drugs, these women continue to experience systemic discrimination. In 2014, this fact was once again made public in Canada when the Ontario government established an independent review of hair testing practices conducted by Motherisk Drug Testing Laboratory (MDTL) at Torontos Hospital for Sick Kids. Between 2005 and 2015, MDTL tested the hair of more than 16,000 individuals for drug consumption. The results were introduced as evidence in court and resulted in both temporary and permanent loss of custody of children. Tragically, it was later discovered that the hair testing results were unreliable. This paper provides an analysis of child protection policies and practices directed at pregnant women and mothers suspected of using drugs, with a focus on the Motherisk tragedy in Ontario. Methods: Informed by feminist and critical drug perspectives, this study draws from findings in the 2015″Report of the Motherisk Hair Analysis Independent Review," produced by Honourable Susan Lang, and provides a Bacchi-informed critical analysis of Commissioner Beamans 2018 report of the Motherisk Commission, "Harmful Impacts: The Reliance on Hair Testing in Child Protection" (HI). Results: The HI report is quite sympathetic to the plight of families and it acknowledges systemic issues and unequal power relations between families, social workers and the courts. Even though drug testing is an inadequate measure of parenting capacity, the HI report does not recommend banning the practice. In the HI report, the themes of harm reduction and drug prohibition are notably absent — while the use of gender-neutral terms, such as "parent" and "families," render mothers invisible. Conclusions: The Motherisk tragedy cannot be understood as an isolated event, rather it is part of a continuum of state and gendered violence against poor, Indigenous, and Black women in Canada. The HI report fails to consider how prohibitionist discourses about drugs, addiction, mothering, and risk lead to institutional practices such as drug testing and child apprehension.
Keywords: Motherisk | Women | Race | Drug testing | Child apprehension
مقاله انگلیسی
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