دانلود و نمایش مقالات مرتبط با Dualism::صفحه 1
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نتیجه جستجو - Dualism

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 18
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Allocating supervisory responsibilities to central bankers: Does national culture matter?
اختصاص مسئولیت های نظارتی به بانک های مرکزی: آیا فرهنگ ملی اهمیت دارد؟-2020
Central banks play an important role in the economy. They are responsible for the conduct of monetary policy, and in several countries, they get involved in the supervision of the financial sector. We derive a simple theoretical model to illustrate how culture may influence a politician’s choice of regulatory architecture and the assignment of responsibilities when anticipating the impact of that regime on the regulatory agencies’ incentives to cooperate. Using a sample of around 70 countries during the period 1996–2013 we confirm that the extent of supervisory duties that are allocated to the central bank are influenced by national culture. More specifically, consistent with the theoretical predictions, we find that individualism is positively associated, and power distance is negatively associated, with the likelihood of higher central bank involvement in supervision.
Keywords: Central banks | Culture | Politicians | Supervision | Regulatory competition
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Socio-cultural factors explaining technology-based entrepreneurial activity: Direct and indirect role of social security
عوامل فرهنگی اجتماعی توضیح دهنده فعالیت کارآفرینی مبتنی بر فناوری: نقش مستقیم و غیرمستقیم امنیت اجتماعی-2020
Nurturing technology-based ventures requires consideration of societal factors besides economic factors. This study aims to analyze the direct effect as well as moderation effect of social security on technology-based entrepreneurial activity. Research hypotheses are tested through panel data analysis. National level data on 45 countries for 8 years (2006–2013) are obtained from multiple sources, including Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, World Competitiveness Yearbook, Hofstede’s national culture dimensions, and so forth. The results imply that social security, as it is known, has a negative relationship with the overall rate of entrepreneurial activity. However, social security has a positive effect on the share of technology-based entrepreneurial activity. In addition, the positive impact of social security shows a gradual decline as individualism increases. Our findings provide solid empirical evidence on the relationship between social security and entrepreneurial ac- tivity, which was ambiguous in the previous studies. The research examines the interaction effects between social security and national culture for the first time. These are expected to provide a practical insight for policy makers seeking to promote entrepreneurial activity at the national level.
Keywords: Technology-based entrepreneurial activity | Global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) | Social security | Individualism | Socio-cultural factors
مقاله انگلیسی
3 A conceptual model of entrepreneurial competencies and their impacts on rural youths intention to launch SMEs
یک مدل مفهومی از شایستگی های کارآفرینی و تأثیرات آنها بر قصد جوانان روستایی برای راه اندازی شرکت های کوچک و متوسط-2020
The present research aimed to first specify entrepreneurial competencies required for launching small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) among rural youth. Then, weights were assigned to the components by key experts of rural entrepreneurship using a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the impact of entrepreneurial competencies was assessed on rural youths intention to launch SMEs. The research population in the survey part was composed of the rural youth of Kangavar County in Kermanshah province, Iran (N = 6207). The sample size was estimated to be 361 individuals who were taken by the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was confirmed through a pilot study. Pairwise comparisons by experts showed that strategic, communicative, psychological and opportunistic competences were the most to least important factors underpinning the rural youths intention to establish SMEs. Also, among entrepreneurial competencies, five components including entrepreneurial vigilance, networking ability, individualism, tolerance of ambiguity, and market analysis accounted for 39.2 percent of the variance of the rural youths intention to launch SMEs. It is recommended to empower rural youth in capabilities such as planning to initiate a business and the analysis of markets in order to strengthen their strategic competencies.
Keywords: Rural entrepreneurship | Rural youth | Entrepreneurial competencies | SMEs
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Culture and the capital–performance nexus in dual banking systems
فرهنگ و پیوند سرمایه - عملکرد در سیستم های بانکی دوگانه-2019
While recent surveys have taken a special interest in culture to explain the failure of existing regulation, empirical evidence on the role of culture in influencing the bank capital-performance link is still largely unexplored. In this paper, we ask the following: Should regulators and policy makers make room for culture as an effective tool for a successful bank regulatory environment? We identify three proxies for cultural values derived from Hofstede (1980, 2001) and the World Values Survey and investigate to what extent individualism, masculinity, and trust can enhance or impede the capital-performance link for conventional and Islamic banks. Analyzing a panel of 729 banks operating in 33 countries from 1999 to 2013, our findings provide empirical evidence that cultural values enhance the capital-performance link for the two bank types. Our results have important policy implications: our paper represents a first initiative and provides evidence that culture has merits and can be used as an additional tool to implement regulatory guidelines in a successful way.
Keywords: Regulatory capital | Regulation | Individualism | Masculinity | Trust | Profitability
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Does culture influence m-banking use and individual performance?
آیا فرهنگ در استفاده از بانکداری ملی و عملکرد فردی تأثیر می گذارد؟-2019
We show evidence on the influence of culture on m-banking use and individual performance, by using a combination of the task-technology fit (TTF) model and two of Hofstede’s cross-cultural dimension scales: uncertainty avoidance and individualism. On the basis of a sample of 204 m-banking users, we show that individualism moderates the relationship between TTF and use, and uncertainty avoidance moderates the relationship between TTF and individual performance. The remaining constructs, which represent the core of the TTF model, can still empirically explain TTF, use, and individual performance of m-banking. Strategies grounded in these factors are suggested for m-banking service providers to better attract and retain users.
Keywords: M-banking | Task-technology fit (TTF) | Uncertainty avoidance
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Loss aversion around the world: Empirical evidence from pension funds
بیزاری از اتلاف در سراسر جهان: شواهد تجربی از سرمایه های بازنشستگی-2018
We propose a novel method to estimate loss aversion together with risk aversion and subjective probability weighting in a reference-dependent utility. Using multiple asset allocations in the 31 OECD pension funds, we find that our estimates of loss aversion and subjective probability weights are similar to those reported by Wang et al. (2017) and Rieger et al. (2011), respectively, despite the differences in the estimation methods. However, loss aversion increases with wealth and only Hofstedes Individualism is positively related to loss aversion. Countries with high individualism or masculinity prefer high risk and high return assets to bonds, whereas countries that dislike uncertainty prefer bonds to risky assets.
keywords: Loss aversion |Cultural dimensions |Reference-dependent utility |Pension funds
مقاله انگلیسی
7 A cross-cultural comparison of Croatian and American social network sites: Exploring cultural differences in motives for Instagram use
مقایسه میان فرهنگی سایت های شبکه های اجتماعی کرواسی و آمریکایی: بررسی تفاوت های فرهنگی در انگیزه استفاده از اینستاگرام-2017
Although Instagram is one of the fastest growing social media, scholars are yet to examine cultural differences among users’ behavior. The current study compares motives for Instagram use between participants from two countries: Croatia, a highly collectivistic culture, and the United States, a typically individualist culture. Specifically, it examines the relationship between motives and behavioral outcomes of use (time spent on Instagram, the frequency of hashtagging, and the number of Instagram followers). Findings reveal that while motivations behind Instagram use do not vary across cultures, different forms of gratification determine how Instagram is used, and how culture moderates these relationships. Croatian students’ Instagram use reflects collectivist tendencies, primarily social interaction. American students’ use of Instagram reflects individualistic trends, namely self-promotion and documentation. In addition, American students’ self-promotion gratifications are significantly related to the amount of time spent on Instagram, although this effect is not apparent among Croatian students. While American students are inclined to use hashtags for documentation, Croatian participants tend to use hashtags for other reasons, including self-promotion, social interaction, and creativity.
Keywords: Instagram | Cross-cultural | Uses and gratifications | Social media | Individualism vs. collectivism
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Foreign bank subsidiaries’ risk-taking behavior: Impact of home and host country national culture
رفتار ریسک پذیری شرکت های تابعه خارجی: تاثیر فرهنگ ملی کشور میزبان و میهمان-2017
This paper examines whether the risk-taking behavior of foreign affiliates of multinational banks is more influenced by the national culture of their parent banks’ home country or the national culture of foreign affiliates’ host country. The study uses a dataset of 292 foreign affiliates (i.e., subsidiaries or branch operations) operating in 66 countries having parent banks in 26 countries for empirical analysis. National culture of both home and host countries is measured with four dimensions—uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity and power distance—of Hofstedes framework of national culture. Findings suggest that the national culture of parent banks’ home country has higher impact on the risk-taking behavior of foreign affiliates of multinational banks than the national culture of their host country. Specifically, foreign affiliates’ risk-taking is higher if parent banks’ home country has low uncertainty avoidance, high individualism and low power distance cultural values. This study extends our understanding that how informal institutions, such as the national culture, influence the financial decisions in multinational banks.
Keywords: National culture | Bank risk taking | Multinational banks | Uncertainty avoidance | Individualism
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Commentary on “Co-creating stakeholder and brand identities: A cross-cultural consumer perspective”
تفسیر در مورد ""ایجاد هویت سهامداران و نام تجاری " : دیدگاه مصرف کننده بین فرهنگی"-2017
This commentary raises awareness for the relevance of other cultural dimensions—besides individualism and collectivism—and alternative approaches to cross-cultural research for exploring cultural variations in stakeholders co-construction of brand identity and their own identities. The author suggests replacing the value-centered approach to culture by an understanding of culture as something dynamic and unsettled, more than cognitive, disjunctive, and not necessarily bounded to geography. Culture includes other important aspects such as habits, rituals, practices, heroes, language and symbols. Abstract variables fail to capture the rich cultural content of social factors and, as such, are uninformed by and uninformative about concrete social life and the sub tleties of local culture. Considering multiple aspects of cultural difference, interactions between these aspects, and the continuous influence of various cultures on each other can provide additional, relevant insights into reciprocal identity co-construction processes between brands and stakeholders.
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Taking a global view on brand post popularity: Six social media brand post practices for global markets
نگاهی جهانی به محبوبیت پست های برند: شش رسانه اجتماعی بر روی پست های تبلیغاتی برای بازارهای جهانی-2017
Brand post popularity positively relates to consumers’ purchase intentions, actual sales, and stock prices. Research suggests that social media posts should be vivid, practical, interesting, personalized, and interactive. However, crosscultural research also suggests that practices might not be equally effective across different regional markets. While vividness and practicality could be consistently important across cultures, characteristics of interest, personalization, and interactivity might need to be adapted to the cultural conditions of specific target markets. We consider how individualism/collectivism, long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and high-context/low-context cultures could influence brand post effectiveness. We provide suggestions for how to manage social media brand post popularity from a cross-cultural perspective to inform both domestic and global social media marketing campaigns. Suggested practices include: (1) making brand posts engaging; (2) targeting the ‘I’ in individualistic cultures and the ‘we’ in collectivist cultures; (3) focusing on consumers’ identity in less long-term oriented cultures and on functional information in more long-term oriented cultures; (4) ensuring that posts help reduce uncertainty; (5) planning for one-way communication in higher power distance countries and two-way communication in lower power distance countries; and (6) making messages less direct in higher-context cultures and more direct in lower-context cultures
KEYWORDS : Global marketing | strategy | Social media strategy | Cross cultural | marketing | Word of mouth | Brand social media
مقاله انگلیسی
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