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نتیجه جستجو - Earthquake

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 45
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 A graphics-based digital twin framework for computer vision-based post-earthquake structural inspection and evaluation using unmanned aerial vehicles
یک چارچوب دیجیتال دوقلوی مبتنی بر گرافیک برای بازرسی و ارزیابی ساختاری پس از زلزله مبتنی بر بینایی کامپیوتری با استفاده از وسایل نقلیه هوایی بدون سرنشین-2022
Rapid structural inspections and evaluations are critical after earthquakes. Computer vision-based methods have attracted the interest of researchers for their potential to be rapid, safe, and objective. To provide an end-to-end solution for computer vision-based post-earthquake inspection and evaluation of a specific as-built structure, the concepts of physics-based graphics model (PBGM) and digital twin (DT) are combined to develop a graphics-based digital twin (GBDT) framework. The GBDT framework comprises a finite element (FE) model and a computer graphics (CG) model whose state is informed by the FE analysis, representing the state of the structure before and after an earthquake. The CG model is first created making use of the FE model and the photographic survey of the structure, yielding the virtual counterpart of the as-built structure quickly and accurately. Then damage modelling approaches are proposed to predict the location and extent of structural and nonstructural damage under seismic loading, from which photographic representation of the predicted damage is realized in the CG model. The effectiveness of the GBDT framework is demonstrated using a five-story reinforced concrete benchmark building through the design and assessment of various UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) inspection trajectories for post-earthquake scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed GBDT framework has significant potential to enable rapid structural inspection and evaluation, ultimately leading to more efficient allocation of scarce resources in a post-earthquake setting.
keywords: بینایی کامپیوتر | مهندسی زلزله | دوقلو دیجیتال | ارزیابی پس از زلزله | دوقلو دیجیتال مبتنی بر گرافیک | مدل گرافیکی مبتنی بر فیزیک | Computer vision | Earthquake engineering | Digital twin | Post-earthquake assessment | Graphics-based digital twin | Physics-based graphics model
مقاله انگلیسی
2 Building structural analysis based Internet of Things network assisted earthquake detection
ساخت شبکه اینترنت اشیاء مبتنی بر تحلیل ساختاری برای کمک به تشخیص زلزله-2022
Analyzing the patterns of earthquakes and creating a system to detect them, can help to minimize loss of lives. Existing sensor based detection works failed to distinguish between earthquakes and other external vibrational noises that may be caused due to construction or other external sources. In the proposed work, to overcome this drawback, first in-depth structural analysis of shear walls is done to find a structurally suitable location to install the sensor in a building. Further, MPU6050 sensor is used to reduce the complexity and make the circuit less bulky. This sensor consists of an accelerometer which measures the change in acceleration and a gyroscope which records the shaking pattern of the ground. Since this shaking pattern is exhibited exclusively by an earthquake occurrence, the proposed model distinguishes between earthquake and other non-hazardous vibrations efficiently. With the considered model for machine learning algorithms, we were able to achieve 99.82% of accuracy, which is an important factor for earthquake detection.
keywords: زمين لرزه | لرزش | مجموعه داده | یادگیری ماشین | یادگیری عمیق | Earthquake | Tremor | Dataset | Machine learning | IoTMPU6050 | ArduinounoR3 | Deep learning
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Knowledge management and natural disaster preparedness: A systematic literature review and a case study of East Lombok, Indonesia
مدیریت دانش و آمادگی برای بلایای طبیعی: مروری بر ادبیات سیستماتیک و مطالعه موردی شرق لومبوک، اندونزی-2021
Disaster impacts can be significantly reduced with disaster preparedness. Knowledge management is one of the building blocks of disaster preparedness. This paper comprehends the current state of the literature on knowl- edge management in community preparedness towards natural disasters. The paper identifies and develops a categorization of community-related knowledge management in disaster preparedness using a systematic liter- ature review. Subsequently, the categorization is utilized in a case study to determine if community-related knowledge management in the preparedness phase can improve communities’ responses in the event of natu- ral disasters. The case study was conducted in the Lombok Island community of Indonesia, which experienced two major earthquakes in mid-2018 and early 2019. The results show that knowledge transfer and creation towards and among the Lombok community increased after the mid-2018 earthquake. Consequently, the com- munity was better able to respond to the early-2019 earthquake. Better disaster preparedness activity designs are crucial in attracting participation and motivating residents to be more prepared.
keywords: عملیات بشردوستانه | مرحله آمادگی | مدیریت دانش | فاجعه با شروع ناگهانی | زمین لرزه | Humanitarian operations | Preparedness phase | Knowledge management | Sudden-onset disaster | Earthquake
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Resilience learning and indigenous knowledge of earthquake risk in Indonesia
یادگیری تاب آوری و دانش بومی خطر زلزله در اندونزی-2021
In the context of earthquake risk, a vulnerability and resilience perspective has changed a purely technological orientation in facing natural hazards. One aspect of this change is the increasing awareness to include indige- nous, traditional knowledge, community-based action, and local practices as well as experience from historic events in earthquake hazard management. Various research has shown that indigenous knowledge has an important role in avoiding undesired impacts from hazards. The involvement of indigenous knowledge into hazard management has been accepted as a fruitful approach by many countries. In Indonesia, the indigenous response to natural hazards, especially towards earthquakes, is to adapt the house constructions according to the hazards from their surrounding living environment and these have been tested and proven for many centuries. But while such indigenous knowledge has existed for centuries, learning requires more than just remembering, it needs to be translated into new actions. This paper highlights connections between knowing and acting on di- sasters, as manifested in house construction, and how this resonates with the concept of resilience.
keywords: راه حل های مبتنی بر طبیعت | تمرین تاب آوری | مردم بومی | رویدادهای تاریخی | کاهش خطر بحران | Nature-based solutions | Resilience practice | Indigenous people | Historical events | Disaster risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Learning from past earthquake disasters: The need for knowledge management system to enhance infrastructure resilience in Indonesia
یادگیری از بلایای زلزله گذشته: نیاز به سیستم مدیریت دانش برای افزایش انعطاف پذیری زیرساخت در اندونزی-2021
Indonesia lies at the region where Indo-Australian, Eurasian, Pacific and Philippines global tectonic plates meet. In the last 30 years, Indonesia has experienced catastrophic earthquake disasters, causing thousands of loss of life and major infrastructure damage. Since the 2004 devastating Sumatra-Andaman tsunamigenic earthquake, knowledge derived from various disaster experiences regarding infrastructure resilience have been improving. Yet disasters such as the recent 2018 Lombok and Palu earthquakes remain devastating. An investigation on how knowledge on past earthquakes have been managed and utilized to promote better resilient infrastructure in Indonesia is conducted. Lessons are extracted from 5 significant earthquakes causing major damage through compilation and analysis of scientific publications and reports on field surveys, works and existing policies. Factors that keep contributing to the failure of buildings and infrastructure include lack of understanding of local hazard situation, incompliance to seismic resistant codes and standards for buildings and infrastructure, prob- lematic soil condition, and collateral hazards such as tsunami, liquefaction, ground subsidence, landslides, rock avalanche which are adding to the complexity of the seismic hazard. The scarcity of information and knowledge on the performance on resilience of infrastructure during earthquakes in Indonesia limits knowledge-based de- cision making in the planning, development and operation of resilient infrastructure. This study calls for the development of a knowledge management system for earthquake resilient infrastructure in Indonesia, to save more lives and to reduce economic disruptions due to infrastructure damages, and thus contribute to the sus- tainable development goals achievement.
keywords: زیرساخت های انعطاف پذیر | سیستم مدیریت دانش | زمين لرزه | کاهش خطر | Resilient infrastructure | Knowledge management system | Earthquake | Risk reduction
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Data on knowledge management and natural disaster preparedness: A field survey in East Lombok, Indonesia
داده های مربوط به مدیریت دانش و آمادگی درمانی طبیعی: بررسی میدانی در شرق Lombok، اندونزی-2021
Knowledge management is a vital part of disaster preparedness in reducing the disaster impacts. This article presents data based on a field survey of 200 people in East Lombok, Indonesia. The data taken from the survey is presented to examine how the community utilized the knowledge created and transferred during the preparedness phase into actions during the response phase. This article’s data can be served as a starting point to examine knowledge management topics in humanitarian operations literature further and to reveal more novel insights from the survey results. This datain-brief article accompanies the paper “Knowledge management and natural disaster preparedness: A systematic literature review and a case study of East Lombok, Indonesia” by Ratih Dyah Kusumastuti, A. Arviansyah, N. Nurmala, and Sigit S. Wibowo.
keywords: عملیات بشردوستانه | مرحله آمادگی | مدیریت دانش | فاجعه با شروع ناگهانی | زمین لرزه | Humanitarian operations | Preparedness phase | Knowledge management | Sudden-onset disaster | Earthquake
مقاله انگلیسی
7 A fuzzy bi-level optimization model for multi-period post-disaster relief distribution in sustainable humanitarian supply chains
یک مدل بهینه سازی سطح دو فازی برای توزیع امداد پس از فاجعه چند دوره ای در زنجیره های تأمین بشردوستانه پایدار-2021
In the aftermath of large-scale natural disasters, supply shortage and inequitable distribution cause various losses, hindering humanitarian supply chains’ performance. The optimal decisions are difficult due to the complexity arising from the multi-period post-disaster consideration, uncertainty of supplies, hierarchal decision levels and conflicting objectives in sustainable humanitarian supply chains (SHSCs). This paper formulates the problem as a fuzzy tri-objective bi-level integer programming model to minimize the unmet demand rate, potential environmental risks, emergency costs on the upper level of decision hierarchy and maximize survivors’ perceived satisfaction on the lower level of decision hierarchy. A hybrid global criterion method is devised to incorporate a primal-dual algorithm, expected value and branch-and-bound approach in solving the model. A case study using data from the Wenchuan earthquake is presented to evaluate the proposed model. Study results indicate that the hybrid global criterion method guides an optimal strategy for such a complex problem within a reasonable computational time. More attention should be attached to the environmental and economic sustainability aspects in SHSCs after golden rescue stage. The proposed bi-level optimization model has the ad- vantages of reducing the total unmet demand rate, total potential environmental risks and total emergency costs. If the decision-agents with higher authorities act as the leaders with dominant power in SHSCs, the optimal decisions, respectively taking hierarchical and horizontal relationships into account would result in equal performance.
Keywords: Multi-period post-disaster relief distribution | Hierarchical decisions | Sustainable humanitarian supply chains | Fuzzy bi-level integer programming model | Hybrid global criterion method
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Change point analysis on the Corinth Gulf (Greece) seismicity
تجزیه و تحلیل نقطه تغییر در لرزه نگاری خلیج Corinth (یونان) -2020
Change point analysis is performed on the seismicity in Gulf of Corinth (Greece), an extensional graben which constitutes one of the most seismically active areas in Greece. Seismicity appears intense and strongly clustered and therefore analysis on mean and variance is appropriate. Sample autocorrelation function of the data is non-zero even for bigger lags, indicating long-range correlations. This phenomenon can be justified by possible changes in the mean of the observations. Non-parametric multiple change point analysis is applied to both the sequence of the earthquakes from a set of observations and its detrended data considering the earthquake occurrence frequency. The results of the analysis on the initial data set are compared to those of its detrended residuals. This procedure employs both online and offline methods providing different perspectives. Promising patterns are defined offline and most of them are detectable online.
Keywords: Change point analysis | Linear stochastic modelling | Seismicity | Gulf of Corinth (Greece)
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Exploring criminal responsibility of PTSD patients; findings from a survey in Chinese Mainland courts
بررسی مسئولیت کیفری بیماران مبتلا به PTSD؛ یافته های یک نظرسنجی در دادگاه های سرزمین اصلی چین-2020
Background. – The Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan Province is China’s deadliest natural disaster in a generation; after such disturbance, a kind of mental illness named post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, also called delayed psychogenic reaction) raises concern in Mainland China, but probably not rapidly sufficient. Different from that in the USA, earthquake is both the reason and focus of PTSD research in China. Methods. – In order to find out the relationship between the PTSD defense and criminal responsibility in Mainland China, the authors decided to use certain academic tools and analysis judicial decisions (816 cases). The authors identified key information from government official websites. Results. – Data demonstrated that research regarding PTSD increases considerably after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. However, data also showed that Chinese courts are hesitant in accepting PTSD as a mental defense for criminals, despite relevant existing rules. Some legal ambiguities, such as lack of procedures or instructions for the connection between diagnosis and judgment, can be observed when courts encounter criminals with PTSD. Conclusions. – PTSD patients occur in all races, classes, religions, and nationalities and some would unfortunately be criminals. This pattern reveals concern for the boundary between the reasonable use and abuse of PTSD in view of medico-legal expertise practice. Expert testimony or opinion cannot replace the judges’ decision. Chinese courts should learn from the American Bar Association and accept the three-part analysis for forensic consideration of PTSD. Further details regarding the regulations for resolving the criminal responsibility of PTSD patients should be obtained.
Keywords: Criminal Responsibility | Legal Identification | Mainland China | Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Nonlinear response spectrum analysis of structures equipped with nonlinear power law viscous dampers
تجزیه و تحلیل طیف پاسخ غیرخطی سازه های مجهز به میراگر چسبناک قانون غیرخطی-2020
Response spectrum analysis is recognized as a reliable and practical method for dynamic analysis of structures subjected to earthquake excitation. However, for structures equipped with nonlinear viscous dampers (NVDs), the classical linear response structural analysis cannot be applied due to the nonlinearity induced by such devices, typically in the form of a power law function of the velocity. In this paper, the nonlinear differential equation governing the dynamic response of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system equipped with NVD is first converted into a set of surrogate linear differential equations using the perturbation technique. The first linear system (zero order) is excited by the real earthquake acceleration time-history, whereas the other SDOF surrogate systems are subjected to virtual excitations based on the velocity responses resulting from the previous linear equations (in a recursive fashion). By performing response spectrum analysis on each surrogate SDOF linear equation and combining the results, the nonlinear response spectrum is estimated. By using Fourier transform and simplifying the frequency-dependent functions, a convenient method is presented for practical design purposes. The proposed method lends itself to be readily adopted in international codes of practice by establishing an equivalent damping ratio. The proposed method, introduced for a SDOF system, is easily extended to multi-storey building structures equipped with different NVDs, and applied to a two-story and to two six-story building frames. The results obtained through the proposed method are in very good agreement with results obtained by nonlinear time-history analyses for a wide set of parameter combinations.
Keywords: Nonlinear response spectrum analysis | Nonlinear viscous damper | Earthquake engineering | Perturbation technique | Power law damping | Fourier transform | Seismic analysis | Response spectrum method
مقاله انگلیسی
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