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نتیجه جستجو - Economic impact

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 36
ردیف عنوان نوع
1 Evolving challenges and strategies for fungal control in the food supply chain
چالش ها و استراتژی های در حال کنترل برای کنترل قارچ در زنجیره تامین مواد غذایی-2021
Fungi that spoil foods or infect crops can have major socioeconomic impacts, posing threats to food security. The strategies needed to manage these fungi are evolving, given the growing incidence of fungicide resistance, tightening regulations of chemicals use and market trends imposing new food-preservation challenges. For example, alternative methods for crop protection such as RNA-based fungicides, biocontrol, or stimulation of natural plant defences may lessen concerns like environmental toxicity of chemical fungicides. There is renewed focus on natural product preservatives and fungicides, which can bypass regulations for ‘clean label’ food products. These require investment to find effective, safe activities within complex mixtures such as plant extracts. Alternatively, physical measures may be one key for fungal control, such as polymer materials which passively resist attachment and colonization by fungi. Reducing or replacing traditional chlorine treatments (e.g. of post-harvest produce) is desirable to limit formation of disinfection by-products. In addition, the current growth in lower sugar food products can alter metabolic routing of carbon utilization in spoilage yeasts, with implications for efficacy of food preservatives acting via metabolism. The use of preservative or fungicide combinations, while involving more than one chemical, can reduce total chemicals usage where these act synergistically. Such approaches might also help target different subpopulations within heteroresistant fungal populations. These approaches are discussed in the context of cur- rent challenges for food preservation, focussing on pre-harvest fungal control, fresh pro- duce and stored food preservation. Several strategies show growing potential for mitigating or reversing the risks posed by fungi in the food supply chain.ª 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Mycological Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). * Corresponding author. E-mail address: Simon.Avery@nottingham.ac.uk (S. V. Avery).1 Authors made equal contributions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2021.01.0031749-4613/ª 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Mycological Society. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Keywords: Agrichemicals | Antimicrobial resistance | Food spoilage | Phytopathogens | Spoilage fungi
مقاله انگلیسی
2 The effect of natural/human-made hazards on business establishments and their supply chains
تأثیر خطرات طبیعی / انسانی بر موسسات تجاری و زنجیره های تأمین آنها-2021
This paper examines the impact of natural and human-made hazards on payroll, GDP, employment, and establishment survival/creation in the year of hazard occurrence in the U.S. economy and more specifically in the U.S. manufacturing/goods producing industry. Many of the papers that examine economic impacts of hazards consider upstream impacts of supply chain disruption. Measures of downstream impacts are often limited, particularly in measuring the short-term impacts. This paper examines how manufacturers and other establishments are impacted, at the industry and total economy level, by a disruption in supplies of goods with low substitutability, which is often referred to as the ripple effect. In this paper, eight models are developed to explore supply chain vulnerability, at the industry-level, to hazard events across geographic areas of the U.S. during the 2005 to 2016 time period. The most severe impacts are due to hazards in the manufacturing/goods industry supply chain, where payroll, GDP, and employment declined 2.9%, 3.9%, and 8.6%, respectively. For all establishments, payroll and employment declined 5.3% and 3.0%, respectively. The results further suggest that the compound effect of hazards through the supply chain possibly exceeds that of the local hazard (i.e., direct impact). This can create an incentive misalignment. The establishment that invests in mitigation efforts and experiences the hazard locally does not directly experience the majority of the net benefit. The findings also suggest there is a need to better understand the short-term downstream impacts from all hazards, especially at the aggregated national level.
Keywords: Hazards | Supply chain | Manufacturing | Value added | GDP
مقاله انگلیسی
3 Micro-foundational dimensions of firm internationalisation as determinants of knowledge management strategy: A case for global strategic partnerships
ابعاد خرد بین المللی سازی شرکت به عنوان عوامل تعیین کننده استراتژی مدیریت دانش: موردی برای مشارکت های استراتژیک جهانی-2021
Innovation is a critical source of competitive advantage in an increasingly changing and globalising environment, thus, knowledge management lies at the core of a firm’s global business strategy. This paper investigates the relationship between micro-foundational dimensions of firm internationalisation and its knowledge management strategy in the emerging economies, which have been found more efficient in converting technology into socio- economic impact. We specifically look at the technology acquisition modes which are operationalised into three categories: internal development, global strategic partnership, and outsourcing. Results from the analysis of World Bank data collected from manufacturing firms operating in emerging economies show that specific micro- foundational dimensions such as the share of foreign employees, level of foreign input and foreign sales have a significant impact on the choice of technology acquisition mode by a firm; whereas the level of foreign ownership does not have such an effect.
keywords: پایه های میکرو | مشارکت جهانی استراتژیک | بین المللی شدن | استراتژی مدیریت دانش | کسب فناوری | بازارهای نوظهور | تاثیر اجتماعی و اقتصادی | Micro-foundations | Global strategic partnership | Internationalisation | Knowledge management strategy | Technology acquisition | Emerging markets | Socio-economic impact
مقاله انگلیسی
4 Experts’ multiple criteria evaluations of fuel management options to reduce wildfire susceptibility: The role of closer knowledge of the local socioeconomic context
ارزیابی معیارهای چندگانه کارشناسان گزینه های مدیریت سوخت برای کاهش حساسیت به آتش سوزی:نقش دانش دقیق تر از زمینه اجتماعی-اقتصادی محلی-2021
Expert opinion can be a valuable tool for informed decision making. Concerning wildfire susceptibility reduction at the landscape scale, forest ecosystem experts play a key role in offering advice about appropriate fuel man- agement practices to be applied by forest owners or their organizations, and in shaping public policies. A literature review aimed at identifying fuel management interventions and techniques found multiple and even opposing strategies. Recognizing the interdisciplinary and multi-dimensional nature of fuel management, we go beyond existing studies on forest experts’ opinions by comparing evaluations across forest experts with diverse training and experience, and by considering different evaluation criteria such as technical effectiveness, impact on soil or biodiversity, socioeconomic impact, and preference. Following an online survey to a sample of Por- tuguese experts, distinct socio-professional clusters were established and experts’ evaluations associated with their views on fire, forests, owners’ coordination, and rural development. Results show that experts rank their preferences by weighing effectiveness and impacts in different ways. Closer knowledge of the local context distinguishes expert preference, favouring more active fuels reduction strategies. Since experts with a closer knowledge of socioeconomic context tend to be further from policy-making processes, we urge their more balanced participation in those processes.
keywords: مدیریت منظره | کاهش حساسیت وحشی | مدیریت چند مالکیت | جنگلداری کوچک | تظاهرات کارشناس | Landscape management | Wildfire susceptibility reduction | Multi-ownership management | Small-scale forestry | Expert elicitation
مقاله انگلیسی
5 Accounting for price responses in economic evaluation of climate impacts for a fishery
حسابداری برای پاسخ های قیمت در ارزیابی اقتصادی تاثیرات اقلیمی برای ماهیگیری-2021
The present study evaluates the economic impacts of fluctuations in anchovy (Engraulis spp.) catch in Gyeong- Nam (GN) province, South Korea, arising due to warming seawater, accounting for the effects of the re- sponses of the anchovy price. It combines an inter-regional input-output (IRIO) model of two regions (i.e., GN province and all other provinces combined) with a simultaneous equation system (SES) of anchovy supply and demand functions estimated to make projections of the price and quantity of anchovies based on two greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration scenarios (i.e., representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5). Results indicate that estimates of the economic impacts for the two regions will be biased if we consider only the quantity (harvest) change when computing the economic impacts without accounting for the effects of the price re- sponses. None of the previous IO-based economic impact analyses of fisheries account for the price effects induced by a quantity shock. This study fills this critical void by considering such effects.
keywords: تغییرات اقلیمی | ماهیگیری | کره جنوبی | پاسخ قیمت | مدل ورودی-خروجی بین منطقه ای | Climate change | Anchovy fishery | South Korea | Price response | Inter-regional input-output model
مقاله انگلیسی
6 Economic impact of the bioeconomy in Spain: Multiplier effects with a bio social accounting matrix
تأثیر اقتصادی اقتصاد زیستی در اسپانیا: اثرات چند برابری با ماتریس حسابداری زیست اجتماعی-2021
The bioeconomy emerges as a new economic model to help address issues related to environmental care and focus on a more sustainable economy. In the last decade, it has become a global priority and many countries have published their own strategies that clearly refer to the development of the bioeconomy. The symmetric social accounting matrix with basic prices was constructed, including the breakdown of biobased accounts belonging to the bioeconomy to determine which sectors of the bioeconomy are most strategic to promote sustainable economic growth. This constructed matrix was used to analyse the economic influence of the bioeconomy products and their impact on job creation. The analysis was carried out using the diffusion and absorption multipliers, which enabled the interpretation of the linkages between the different economic agents. The results were analysed in depth and the multipliers decomposed into their different effects, own, open and circular, and complemented with the calculation of the employment multiplier to evaluate the most important sectors for employment generation. The analysis was applied to the case of Spain. The results of this research enabled the identification of the strategic sectors where economic policies can be applied since these are the ones that increase economic growth and activities within the bioeconomy and create jobs. The conclusions indicated that the Spanish bioeconomy is still focused on traditional sectors and has not yet developed its potential in more innovative biobased products, demonstrating that the bioeconomy in Spain still has a long way to go.
keywords: زیست توده | اسپانیا | ماتریس حسابداری اجتماعی | مدل های چند منظوره | آنالیز تاثیرات | ضغطه | Bioeconomy | Spain | Social accounting matrix | Multisectoral models | Impact analyses | Multipliers
مقاله انگلیسی
7 Mountain farmland protection and fire-smart management jointly reduce fire hazard and enhance biodiversity and carbon sequestration
حفاظت از زمین های کشاورزی کوهستانی و مدیریت هوشمند آتش سوزی به طور مشترک خطر آتش سوزی را کاهش می دهد و تنوع زیستی و ترسیب کربن را افزایش می دهد-2020
The environmental and socio-economic impacts of wildfires are foreseen to increase across southern Europe over the next decades regardless of increasing resources allocated for fire suppression. This study aims to identify fire- smart management strategies that promote wildfire hazard reduction, climate regulation ecosystem service and biodiversity conservation. Here we simulate fire-landscape dynamics, carbon sequestration and species dis- tribution (116 vertebrates) in the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês-Xurés (NW Iberia). We envisage 11 scenarios resulting from different management strategies following four storylines: Business-as-usual (BAU), expansion of High Nature Value farmlands (HNVf), Fire-Smart forest management, and HNVf plus Fire-Smart. Fire-landscape simulations reveal an increase of up to 25% of annual burned area. HNVf areas may counter- balance this increasing fire impact, especially when combined with fire-smart strategies (reductions of up to 50% between 2031 and 2050). The Fire-Smart and BAU scenarios attain the highest estimates for total carbon se- questered. A decrease in habitat suitability (around 18%) since 1990 is predicted for species of conservation concern under the BAU scenario, while HNVf would support the best outcomes in terms of conservation. Our study highlights the benefits of integrating fire hazard control, ecosystem service supply and biodiversity con- servation to inform better decision-making in mountain landscapes of Southern Europe.
Keywords: Biomod2 | Fire-smart landscape management | Fire suppression | InVEST model | Land abandonment | REMAINS model | Wildfires
مقاله انگلیسی
8 Analyses of hydrogen energy system as a grid management tool for the Hawaiian Isles
تجزیه و تحلیل سیستم انرژی هیدروژن به عنوان ابزاری برای مدیریت شبکه برای جزایر هاوایی-2020
One of the objectives of the research project at Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) is to demonstrate long-term durability of the electrolyzer when operated under cyclic operation for frequency regulation on an Island grid system. In this paper, a Hydrogen Energy System with an electrolyzer is analyzed as a potential grid management tool. A simulation tool developed with a validated model of the hydrogen energy system and Island of Hawaii grid model is presented and employed for this investigation. The simulation study uses realistic measured solar and wind power profiles to understand what optimal electrolyzer size would be required to achieve the maximum level of grid frequency stabilization. The simulation results give insight into critical information when designing a hydrogen energy system for grid management applications and the economic impact it has when operated as a pure grid management scheme or as a limitless hydrogen production system.
Keywords: Hydrogen | Hydrogen energy system | Electrolyzer | Grid management | Renewable energy
مقاله انگلیسی
9 Influence of different time horizon-based battery energy management strategies on residential microgrid profitability
تأثیر استراتژیهای مختلف مدیریت انرژی باتری مبتنی بر افق زمان بر سودآوری میکروگریدهای مسکونی-2020
The growing share of renewable sources in future residential microgrids generates variability as well as price volatility on European electricity markets. Therefore, to handle this issue and enhance the system profitability, advanced energy management strategies should be developed. To that end, this paper proposes to assess the relevance of an energy management strategy based on 48-hour horizon compared to a 24-hour horizon one in order to perform energy arbitrage. This study considers a residential microgrid based on photovoltaic generation and storage connected to the main grid. Proposed 48-hour energy management strategy provides additional management possibilities such as the ability to delay trades (charge today, discharge tomorrow) and a larger range of hours to use the storage. Particle Swarm Optimizer is used to solve the optimization part. Besides, a sensitivity analysis is investigated to assess the economic impact of forced storage of solar surplus power in order to increase self-consumption rate and storage size. Obtained results demonstrates better profitability by using proposed strategy. Profitability was improved by more than 11% compared to classical algorithms for the tested scenarios. The findings of this study illustrate that the use of 48-hour horizon-based energy management strategy can be more profitable and lead residential microgrids to decrease their operation cost and increase power balance for all grid stakeholders through feed-in price leverage.
Keywords: Residential microgrid | Weather forecast uncertainties | Energy management strategies | Self-consumption | Grid services | Energy storage system
مقاله انگلیسی
10 Sustainable reverse logistics scorecards for the performance measurement of informal e-waste businesses
کارت امتیازی تدارکات معکوس پایدار برای اندازه گیری عملکرد مشاغل غیررسمی پسماندهای الکترونیکی-2020
Many countries depend on businesses in reverse chains to tackle the environmental pollution caused by the tremendous amount of e-waste. Furthermore, due to the domination of informal businesses in many developing countries, environmental rules are not considered during operation, and these violations tend to affect public health adversely. The government in these developing countries finds it difficult to manage and utilize e-waste due to insufficient resources properly. The existing performance measures are only appropriate for imple- mentation in developed countries with the inability to assess informal e-waste businesses in developing countries. Therefore, to address this gap, this research proposes sustainable reverse logistics scorecards (SRLS) to identify informal e-waste businesses performance. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with eleven experts, questionnaire survey with one hundred eighty-six informal e-waste businesses in Indonesia using the snowball sampling method and by measurement identification using the statistical descriptive analysis such as mean, geometric mean, mode, and sign-test median including experts confirmation. The results showed that there are twenty-two parameters from six perspectives namely financial, stakeholders value, internal business processes, innovation and growth, environment, and social. These parameters can be used as a performance measurement following government regulation and adjusting the motivation, strategy, capability, and activities of informal e- waste businesses. They are also useful for practical assessment and decision purposes, such as process safety and economic impact evaluation of businesses with the ability to create job opportunities, satisfy employees, and provide persuasive incentives. The balance between environment, welfare, and e-waste management is realized through SRLS. We suggested that other researchers use these parameters to assess the performance of informal e- waste throughout Indonesia and the government considered these parameters to assess them before deciding to collaborate for handling e-waste problems.
Keywords: Performance measurement | Sustainable reverse logistics scorecard | Informal electronic waste businesses | Developing countries | Sustainable development | Waste | Sustainable business | Operations management | Logistics | Business management | Family business | Business | Environmental science
مقاله انگلیسی
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