با سلام خدمت کاربران در صورتی که با خطای سیستم پرداخت بانکی مواجه شدید از طریق کارت به کارت (6037997535328901 بانک ملی ناصر خنجری ) مقاله خود را دریافت کنید (تا مشکل رفع گردد).
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81 |
Soil and water conservation effects driven by the implementation of ecological restoration projects: Evidence from the red soil hilly region of China in the last three decades
اثرات حفاظت از خاک و آب ناشی از اجرای پروژه های مرمت زیست محیطی: شواهدی از منطقه تپه ای خاک سرخ چین در سه دهه گذشته-2020 China’s soil and water conservation (SWC) has gradually developed into a national key ecological construction
project, and its scale and coverage have been expanding. However, the distribution characteristics
of soil and water conservation measures (SWCMs) under ecological restoration projects and the
water storage and soil conservation benefits from a macro perspective are not yet clear. To solve this
problem, first of all, the red soil hilly region (RSHR) of China has been chosen to analyze the 30-year
process and spatial trends of SWCMs in ecological restoration projects. The spatial distribution of SWCMs
is analyzed from the three-dimensional plane of level and elevation. In addition, four benefit characteristics
of SWCMs have been obtained by comparing the amount of water and soil protected and the
intensity of soil erosion. Finally, the paper explores methods that improve the efficiency of SWC in key
areas. The research results show that the paradigm of SWC changes from comprehensive management to
ecological rules and the goal of SWCMs has shifted from initial farmland maintenance to natural forest
restoration, and the average soil erosion has not only decreased by 291 t/(km2a) as a whole but has also
reflected the transformation from agriculture to ecology in the national ecological restoration project
strategy. The distribution model of SWCMs on the horizontal plane is a convex second-order function. In
the vertical direction, the proportion of measures distributed in hilly areas was 38%, higher than that in
plain and mountain areas. Moreover, SWCMs are concentrated in cultivated land and forest land, among
which the proportion of terraces, SWC forests and grass planting measures is as high as 35% in areas with
high erosion. For the RSHR in the four SWC benefits of group characteristics and the distribution ratio,
respectively: SWC ability and soil erosion intensity are lower (group 1, 9%). There is a lower amount of
soil and water storage and higher intensity of soil erosion (group 2, 19%). The amount of soil and water
storage is large, and the intensity of soil erosion is low (group 3, 27%). Soil and water storage and soil
erosion intensity are both high (group 4, 13%). In a word, it is necessary to improve the proportion of SWC
forest construction in river basins and intensive agricultural cultivation areas in national key SWC areas
to enhance ecosystem service functions. This paper analyzes the pattern changes and benefit characteristics
of SWCMs from a macro perspective, which provides a new perspective for the large-scale study
of SWC in the future. This result in preventing soil erosion aims to make China’s ecological civilization
construction and ecological management more sustainable. Keywords: Soil and water Conservation measures | Red soil hilly region | Soil erosion | Ecological restoration program | Soil and water Conservation |
مقاله انگلیسی |
82 |
Call for a collaborative management at Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Malaysia: An assessment from local stakeholders’ view point
فراخوان یک مدیریت مشترک در Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve ، مالزی: ارزیابی از نظر سهامداران محلی-2020 Effective management of a socio-ecological system (SES) requires a good understanding of: (i) ecosystem functionality, (ii) interactions between social and ecological units, and (iii) stakeholder perceptions and activ- ities. Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR) covering 40,200 ha in Peninsular Malaysia is under silvicultural management (with a 30-year forest rotation cycle) for charcoal and timber production since 1902.The aim of this study is to assess the perceptions of (select) local stakeholders on the ongoing mangrove management of MMFR. Earlier, Huge et al. (2016), using Q methodology, identified three main shared per- ceptions, called discourses: (1) Optimization- ‘keep up the good work, but keep improving’, (2) Change for the better- ‘ecotourism & participatory management for sustainability’, and (3) Continuity – ‘business as usual is the way to go’. The current study is a follow-up to Huge et al. (2016) and reports on a survey which assessed the degree of support of the local stakeholders towards those three management discourses. The core statements of each discourse were presented as questions and then ranked by the participants.Based on the findings of the survey, the local stakeholders were clustered into three main working categories:(i) charcoal and timber workers, (ii) fishermen and (iii) service providers. The interviews held with 114 sta- keholders indicated that discourse (2) ‘change for the better’ is the most popular (supported by 72% of the participants) regardless of the stakeholders’ working category. This discourse voices the involvement of local people in decision making, adopts participatory management, and encourages diverse mangrove-based eco- nomic activities beyond mere charcoal and timber production.Single-use management (focusing only on maximising charcoal and timber yields) was perceived as not equitably benefiting all local stakeholders.The insights of this study can guide the managers of Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve to improve the sus- tainability and the local support base for the existing mangrove management regime, e.g. by promoting diverse livelihood options for the local stakeholders. Keywords: Mangrove management | Local-population perception | Stakeholder involvement | Forest management | Socio-ecological system | Ecosystem services |
مقاله انگلیسی |
83 |
Incentivizing green entrepreneurship: A proposed policy prescription (a study of entrepreneurial insights from an emerging economy perspective)
تحریک کارآفرینی سبز: نسخه پیشنهادی سیاست (مطالعه بینش کارآفرینی از منظر اقتصاد نوظهور)-2020 This study undertakes an in-depth analysis of green and traditional entrepreneurs’ experiences using a multiple case study research methodology along with triangulation and coding techniques, identifying the specific drivers of ecopreneurship given the constraints and challenges faced by them. This study maps this analysis to Resource Based View’s (RBV) theoretical construct and argues that ecopreneurs navigate and negotiate their enterprise development constraints through combinations of personal at- tributes and innovative mechanisms rendering tangible and intangible economic, environmental and social gains. It further proposes a policy framework to incentivise, assist and accelerate ecopreneurs’ efforts in achieving scalability in an uncertain external ecosystem. This proposed framework would also address the conflict between monetisation of innovations and environmental concerns.© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Green | Entrepreneurship | Ecopreneurship | Environment | Resource based view theory |
مقاله انگلیسی |
84 |
The lighthouse effect: How successful entrepreneurs influence the sustainability-orientation of entrepreneurial ecosystems
اثر فانوس دریایی: چگونه کارآفرینان موفق بر پایداری جهت گیری اکوسیستم های کارآفرینی تأثیر می گذارند-2020 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed by the United Nations are a call to action for policy- makers around the globe to tackle grand societal challenges. Sustainability start-ups can help meet some of the most pressing challenges. Regions of start-up activity are commonly referred to as entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs), although the share of sustainability start-ups varies markedly from one EE to another. While literature on EEs is abundant, scholarly work on sustainability-oriented EEs, i.e. those with a high share of sustainability start-ups, is still relatively scarce. In particular, there is limited understanding of the reasons why some EEs have a higher share of sustainability start-ups than others. The present paper considers this gap in the literature by contrasting the EEs of Berlin and Lagos, which have very different shares of sustainability start-ups. Forty interviews conducted with founders, investors, hubs and government representatives in both EEs showed that particularly successful start-ups in an EE, so-called lighthouses, play an important role in shaping the cultural, social and material attributes of an EE. This means that the sustainability orientation of these lighthouses is instrumental in creating environments in which sustainability start-ups can flourish. Moreover, lighthouses can attract new talent and resources to a region, which further underlines their role as accelerators of an EE towards sustainability. Overall, the lighthouses are a critical factor in explaining the share of sustainability start-ups. Policy- makers can strengthen this effect by giving access to extra resources and opportunities to promising start-ups and by showcasing their success.© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Keywords: Sustainability startups | Social entrepreneurship | Entrepreneurial ecosystems |
مقاله انگلیسی |
85 |
Assessing the Brazilian federal fisheries law and policy in light of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale fisheries
ارزیابی قانون و سیاست شیلات فدرال برزیل با توجه به رهنمودهای داوطلبانه برای تأمین شیلات پایدار در مقیاس کوچک-2020 The Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-scale Fisheries (SSF Guidelines) endorsed in June 2014
by the member States of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) was a landmark for
the recognition, promotion and protection of the subsistence and artisanal small-scale fisheries (SSF) sector in the
world. This instrument is part of contemporary International Fisheries Law, integrating management and
development of fisheries with a range of other relevant matters such as human rights, gender and climate change,
following a human rights-based approach (HRBA) and taking into account the ecosystem approach to fisheries
(EAF). In this context and with a view to contribute to the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), this article provides an analysis of the SSF Guidelines and informs on how its’ implementation can be
supported by the Brazilian Federal Law No. 11,959/2009, which provides for the National Policy for the Sustainable
Development of Aquaculture and Fisheries in Brazil. It is seen that certain issues of the SSF Guidelines
are better addressed in other federal legal instruments, which should be read, interpreted and applied in combination
with that legislation. This analysis aimed at assisting legal practitioners and policy-makers in the
implementation of the SSF Guidelines in Brazil. Keywords: International fisheries law | Small-scale fisheries | Human rights-based approach | Ecosystem approach to fisheries | Brazilian fisheries law and policy |
مقاله انگلیسی |
86 |
Ecosystem wealth in the Barents Sea
ثروت اکوسیستم در دریای بارنتس-2020 We develop an inclusive wealth type index for natural capital in the Barents Sea that accounts for ecosystem services via trophic interactions. We consider three key fish species in the Barents Sea under stochastic growth dynamics. Compared to evaluation at market prices, the estimated wealth from the inclusive wealth approach is several times higher. Ecosystem wealth depends on the management scheme, and we consider both business as usual (BAU) and an optimized ecosystem-based management scheme (EBM). While BAU maintains wealth near its current level (5% increase in the long run), EBM increases wealth with almost 20% in the short run and more than 25% in the long run. Realized shadow prices suggest that prey species stocks are undervalued when evaluated at market prices. Keywords: Natural capital | Inclusive wealth | Fisheries | Barents Sea |
مقاله انگلیسی |
87 |
Zebrafish neuro-behavioral profiles altered by acesulfame (ACE) within the range of “no observed effect concentrations (NOECs)”
پروفایل های رفتاری عصبی Zebrafish تغییر یافته توسط acesulfame (ACE) در محدوده "no observed effect concentrations (NOECs)"-2020 Recently, artificial sweeteners have received widespread attention as the emerging environmental pollutants,
among which, acesulfame (ACE) is ubiquitously present and extremely persistent in the
ecosystem. Although the environmental behavior of ACE has already been well studied, its chronic ecotoxicological
effects on aquatic organisms are rarely reported. Thus, more researches should be performed
to determine the concentration which exerted the observable toxicological effect. Herein, we
examined neuro-behavioral effects of ACE at 1, 10 and 100 mg/L on adult zebrafish via performing the
behavioral test batteries including light/dark preference test, novel tank diving test, novel object
exploration test, social preference test and colour-enhanced CPP test. In addition, in order to fully
phenotype the behavioral alteration induced by ACE, we applied the techniques deriving from behavioral
phenomics to analyze and interpret the big data from a large number of behavioral variables. Furthermore,
the alterations of neurotransmitter in brain were also assayed to confirm the behavioral results.
We found that ACE within the concentration range of No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs) had
remarkably altered the neuro-behavioral profiles: altered the preference for light/dark, reduced the
exploration ability of zebrafish in the novel tank and novel object exploration test, affected the group
preference of zebrafish, changed the colour preference, learning and memory ability of zebrafish and
disturbed the quantitative patterns of neurotransmitter in brain. As a result, this research can offer a
reference for readjusting the NOECs of ACE and assessing neurotoxicity of artificial sweeteners. Keywords: Acesulfame (ACE) | Neuro-behavior | No observed effect concentrations (NOECs) |
مقاله انگلیسی |
88 |
When scientists become detectives: investigating systematic tree poisoning in a protected cove
هنگامی که دانشمندان کارآگاه می شوند: بررسی مسمومیت منظم درخت در یک محوطه حفاظت شده-2020 The systematic killing of trees is usually aimed at eradicating pests or alien plant species susceptible to harm
existing natural ecosystems. In some cases, trees may become the subject of dispute between neighbors, which
sometimes ends in tree death after months or years of dispute. In this paper, we analyze a case of clandestine tree
killing and look into ways through which evidence left by delinquents can be analyzed a posteriori with state-ofthe-
art approaches. The investigation presented here looks at a series of old-growth trees that were supposedly
poisoned inside a protected, nineteenth century grove in Switzerland. After the sudden, unexplained death of
several old Black poplar (Populus nigra) trees along the main alley in fall 2015 and their subsequent removal, the
dying of five additional, neighboring Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) and English walnut (Juglans regia)
trees in 2016 promptly triggered a suite of criminal investigations at the property. During an initial inspection, a
large number of boreholes was found in the root plates of the dying trees. We present findings obtained from treering,
wood anatomical and dendrogeochemical investigations performed on root, stem and leave material from
the assumedly poisoned trees and show that massive amounts of chemical elements – supposedly in the form
organic pesticides with high Al, As, Fe, Cr, Ni contents, aluminum phosphides or glyphosate-based pesticides –
were injected into 36 boreholes drilled into the roots around September 2016. Results obtained in this study are
currently used in criminal investigations, and are a nice example of how scientific detectives can help their “real
World” colleagues in identifying delinquents. Keywords: Dendroecology | Dendrogeochemistry | Tree wounding | Quantitative wood anatomy | Acer pseudoplatanus | Juglans regia | Applied ecology | Flora | Environmental assessment | Environmental health | Environmental toxicology | Environmental science |
مقاله انگلیسی |
89 |
Distribution network model using big data in an international environment
مدل شبکه توزیع با استفاده از داده های بزرگ در یک محیط بین المللی-2020 This paper proposes dynamic mixed integer facility location model to design an international manufacturing network
(IMN). The proposed model considers a broad facility network linking production and distribution facilities
located internationally. The proposed model discussed in the paper assumes significance over the traditional
manufacturing model as it provides a country specific analysis making it more convenient for the decision
maker to devise country specific strategieswithin an international ecosystem. Therefore, themodel considers import
export cost, loan subsidies along with depreciation expense and other operating costs applicable to specific
country. The objective of the model is to identify optimal facility locations and the production distribution in the
entire network to meet the demand of global markets. The proposed model is illustrated and computationally
tested using two cases. Model parameters are mapped using 3Vs of Big Data viz. Volume, Velocity and Variety. Keywords: Distribution network | Facility location | Big data | Import export cost | Mixed integer linear programming |
مقاله انگلیسی |
90 |
Lake eutrophication recovery trajectories: Some recent findings and challenges ahead
مسیرهای احیای حوضه دریاچه: برخی از یافته ها و چالش های اخیر پیش رو-2020 Controlling nutrient inputs has allowed many lakes and several river, estuarine and coastal ecosystems to recover
rapidly from eutrophication. In some systems, however, recovery has been slow or negligible. The broad
changes in environmental conditions could in many cases be responsible for the observed delays in recovery. We
proposed three basic scenarios and seven different trajectory modes of lake eutrophication recovery. Monitoring
data from six lake ecosystems were analyzed to study the relationships between chlorophyll a and nutrients and
their applicability in lake management. The combination of seven basic tracks can make decisions on the whole
space, it will provide a visual management tool for governance decisions on specific lakes, avoiding the waste
caused by blind pollution control measures with unclear objectives and inefficient methods. We believe that
timely “artificial hand” adjustment measures in coordination with proper implementation can ensure that lakes
have a greater chance of achieving a right-lateral repair pathway for the continuous control of phosphorus inputs
and that the use of “natural hand” measures may help shorten the recovery time. Keywords: Eutrophication | Trajectory | Nutrients | Re-oligotrophication | Lake ecosystem |
مقاله انگلیسی |