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1 |
An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis: Mental Disorders Among Adolescents in Juvenile Detention and Correctional Facilities
یک مرور سیستماتیک و تجزیه و تحلیل متا رگرسیون به روز شده: اختلالات روانی در نوجوانان در بازداشتگاههای نوجوانان و زندانهای اصلاح و تربیت-2020 Objective: To synthesize evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities and examine
sources of heterogeneity between studies.
Method: Electronic databases and relevant reference lists were searched to identify surveys published from January 1966 to October 2019 that reported
on the prevalence of mental disorders in unselected populations of detained adolescents. Data on the prevalence of a range of mental disorders
(psychotic illnesses, major depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], conduct disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD])
along with predetermined study characteristics were extracted from the eligible studies. Analyses were reported separately for male and female adolescents,
and findings were synthesized using random-effects models. Potential sources of heterogeneity were examined by meta-regression and subgroup
analyses.
Results: Forty-seven studies from 19 countries comprising 28,033 male and 4,754 female adolescents were identified. The mean age of adolescents
assessed was 16 years (range, 10–19 years). In male adolescents, 2.7% (95% CI 2.0%–3.4%) had a diagnosis of psychotic illness; 10.1% (95% CI
8.1%–12.2%) major depression; 17.3% (95% CI 13.9%–20.7%) ADHD; 61.7% (95% CI 55.4%–67.9%) conduct disorder; and 8.6% (95% CI
6.4%–10.7%) PTSD. In female adolescents, 2.9% (95% CI 2.4%–3.5%) had a psychotic illness; 25.8% (95% CI 20.3%–31.3%) major depression;
17.5% (95% CI 12.1%–22.9%) ADHD; 59.0% (95% CI 44.9%–73.1%) conduct disorder; and 18.2% (95% CI 13.1%–23.2%) PTSD. Metaregression
found higher prevalences of ADHD and conduct disorder in investigations published after 2006. Female adolescents had higher prevalences
of major depression and PTSD than male adolescents.
Conclusion: Consideration should be given to reviewing whether health care services in juvenile detention can address these levels of psychiatric
morbidit Key words: criminal justice | detention | mental disorders | PTSD | systematic review |
مقاله انگلیسی |
2 |
A meta-analysis of the relationship between psychosis and any type of criminal offending, in both men and women
متاآنالیز رابطه بین روان پریشی و هر نوع جرم مجرمانه ، در زنان و مردان-2020 Background: Psychosis is known to be associated with an increased risk of violent offending, but the risk of criminal
offending of any type is not so well understood, including the nature and extent of any differences in
offending risk for men and women with psychosis.
Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases from1970 toMarch 2020was conducted to identify studies
comparing criminal offending amongst those with psychosis to a general population sample. A meta-analysis
was performed, with separate analyses undertaken for men and women.
Results: Eight studies, with a total of 15,446 individuals with psychosis and 186,752 controls fromgeneral population
sources, met our inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio for any type of criminal offending for men with
psychosiswas 2.42 (95% CI=1.63–3.59), and for women itwas 2.81 (95% CI=2.11–3.76). Substantial between
study heterogeneity was identified.
Conclusions: Although the pooled odds ratio for all types of offending was not as high as has been found for violence,
those with psychotic illness were more than twice as likely to have had contact with the criminal justice
system for any type of criminal offence, compared to the general population. Little difference in risk was seen
for women compared to men with psychosis. Clinical risk assessments and the development of interventions
to reduce risk of contact with the criminal justice system should consider that risk of offending for those with
psychosis extends right across the spectrum of offence types. Keywords: Psychosis | Offending | Crime | Justice | Sex differences |
مقاله انگلیسی |
3 |
Eyes wide open: A systematic review of the association between insomnia and aggression in forensic contexts
چشمان کاملا باز: بررسی سیستماتیک ارتباط بین بی خوابی و پرخاشگری در زمینه های پزشکی قانونی-2020 Sleep quality has been highlighted as a significant predictor of violent behavior through lifespan and across pathologies and a causal link has also been suggested. Despite the high prevalence of insomnia and its potential impact as a modifiable risk factor for aggressive behavior, a comprehensive synthesis of the literature is lacking. We aimed to systematically review the published works exploring the role of sleep in aggressive behaviors, especially focusing on forensic contexts. We performed a systematic review searching the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus through December 2020 and selected articles that compared sleep of offenders and controls and articles that studied the association between sleep and aggression. Ten articles were selected: 2 compared sleep in offenders and controls and 8 studied the association between sleep and aggression. Offenders showed worse sleep features than control both objectively and subjectively measured. Sleep quality was associated with aggression, but sleep quantity was less studied. Sleep seems to have a prominent role in aggressive behaviors but studies concerning this topic are few; samples and methods were highly heterogeneous and most studies were cross-sectional. Future studies are needed to clarify the association between sleep disturbances and aggression, adopting a more systematized approach. Sleep assessment and treatment and might be particularly useful, especially in high-risk populations.
Keywords: Aggression | Sleep | Offenders | Forensic |
مقاله انگلیسی |
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Examining the factors associated with impulsivity in forensic populations: A systematic review
بررسی عوامل مرتبط با تکانشگری در جمعیت پزشکی قانونی: یک بررسی منظم-2020 Background: Elevated levels of impulsivity are considered a significant risk factor for violent behaviour within
forensic populations but our knowledge of the causes of impulsivity in this group remains limited. This review
collates and critically evaluates existing research examining factors associated with impulsive behaviour in
forensic populations.
Method: A systematic review of the current literature was conducted. The electronic databases PsycINFO,
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ProQuest Criminal Justice and Social Sciences were searched. Methodological quality
assessment of eligible articles was completed prior to a narrative synthesis of findings.
Results: Nine studies were included for review. Identified studies were rated as either of “adequate” or “good”
quality. Studies were limited in their use of prospective, longitudinal methodological designs to assess the relationship
between study variables and impulsive behaviour. Factors associated with increased impulsivity included
traumatic brain injury, substance or alcohol misuse, traumatic experiences and difficulty sleeping.
Conclusions: There remains little evidence regarding the underlying factors associated with impulsivity in forensic
groups or, whether these might differ from those in the wider population; a question that will require
further research. Those factors associated with impulsivity in forensic populations thus far; trauma, head injury,
alcohol and substance misuse and poor sleep quality, provide the opportunity for more targeted screening
for, and treatment of, impulsivity. Keywords: Impulsivity | Forensic | Traumatic brain injury | Substances | Alcohol | Trauma | Sleep |
مقاله انگلیسی |
5 |
Risk factors for self-harm in prison: a systematic review and meta-analysis
عوامل خطر برای صدمه به خود در زندان: یک بررسی سیستماتیک و فراتحلیل-2020 Background Self-harm is a leading cause of morbidity in prisoners. Although a wide range of risk factors for self-harm
in prisoners has been identified, the strength and consistency of effect sizes is uncertain. We aimed to synthesise
evidence and assess the risk factors associated with self-harm inside prison.
Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web
of Science, and PsycINFO) for observational studies on risk factors for self-harm in prisoners published from database
inception to Oct 31, 2019, supplemented through correspondence with authors of studies. We included primary
studies involving adults sampled from general prison populations who self-harmed in prison and a comparison
group without self-harm in prison. We excluded studies with qualitative or ecological designs, those that reported on
lifetime measures of self-harm or on selected samples of prisoners, and those with a comparison group that was not
appropriate or not based on general prison populations. Data were extracted from the articles and requested from
study authors. Our primary outcome was the risk of self-harm for risk factors in prisoners. We pooled effect sizes as
odds ratios (OR) using random effects models for each risk factor examined in at least three distinct samples. We
assessed study quality on the basis of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and examined between-study heterogeneity. The
study protocol was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42018087915.
Findings We identified 35 independent studies from 20 countries comprising a total of 663 735 prisoners, of whom
24 978 (3·8%) had self-harmed in prison. Across the 40 risk factors examined, the strongest associations with self-harm
in prison were found for suicide-related antecedents, including current or recent suicidal ideation (OR 13·8, 95% CI
8·6–22·1; I²=49%), lifetime history of suicidal ideation (8·9, 6·1–13·0; I²=56%), and previous self-harm (6·6, 5·3–8·3;
I²=55%). Any current psychiatric diagnosis was also strongly associated with self-harm (8·1, 7·0–9·4; I²=0%), particularly
major depression (9·3, 2·9–29·5; I²=91%) and borderline personality disorder (9·2, 3·7–22·5; I²=81%). Prison-specific
environmental risk factors for self-harm included solitary confinement (5·6, 2·7–11·6; I²=98%), disciplinary infractions
(3·5, 1·2–9·7; I²=99%), and experiencing sexual or physical victimisation while in prison (3·2, 2·1–4·8; I²=44%).
Sociodemographic (OR range 1·5–2·5) and criminological (1·8–2·3) factors were only modestly associated with selfharm
in prison. We did not find clear evidence of publication bias.
Interpretation The wide range of risk factors across clinical and custody-related domains underscores the need for a
comprehensive, prison-wide approach towards preventing self-harm in prison. This approach should incorporate
both population and targeted strategies, with multiagency collaboration between the services for mental health, social
care, and criminal justice having a key role. |
مقاله انگلیسی |
6 |
Socioeconomic marginalization and opioid-related overdose: A systematic review
حاشیه نشینی اقتصادی اجتماعی و مصرف بیش از حد مواد افیونی: یک بررسی منظم-2020 Background: Socioeconomic marginalization (SEM) is an important but under-explored determinant of opioid
overdose with important implications for health equity and associated public policy initiatives. This systematic
review synthesizes evidence on the role of SEM in both fatal and non-fatal overdose among people who use
opioids.
Methods: Studies published between January 1, 2000 and March 31, 2018 were identified through searching
electronic databases, citations, and by contacting experts. The titles, abstracts, citation information, and descriptor
terms of citations were screened by two team members. Data were synthesized using the lumping
technique.
Results: A total of 37 studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review, with 34 of 37 finding a
significant association between at least one socioeconomic factor and overdose. The included studies contained
variables related to eight socioeconomic factors: criminal justice system involvement, income, employment,
social support, health insurance, housing/homelessness, education, and composite measures of socio-economic
status. Most studies found associations in the hypothesized direction, whereby increased SEM was associated
with a higher rate or increased likelihood of the overdose outcome measured. The review revealed an underdeveloped
evidence base.
Conclusions: Nearly all reviewed studies found a connection between a socioeconomic variable and overdose,
but more research is needed with an explicit focus on SEM, using robust and nuanced measures that capture
multiple dimensions of disadvantage, and collect data over time to better inform decision making around opioid
overdose. Keywords: Poverty | Drug-related death | Toxicity | Poisoning | Socioeconomic status |
مقاله انگلیسی |
7 |
Prediction of sepsis patients using machine learning approach: A meta-analysis
پیش بینی بیماران مبتلا به سپسیس با استفاده از روش یادگیری ماشین: متاآنالیز-2019 Study objective: Sepsis is a common and major health crisis in hospitals globally. An innovative and fea- sible tool for predicting sepsis remains elusive. However, early and accurate prediction of sepsis could help physicians with proper treatments and minimize the diagnostic uncertainty. Machine learning mod- els could help to identify potential clinical variables and provide higher performance than existing tra- ditional low-performance models. We therefore performed a meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the performance of a machine learning model to predict sepsis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted through the electronic database (e.g. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, etc.) between January 1, 20 0 0, and March 1, 2018. All the studies pub- lished in English and reporting the sepsis prediction using machine learning algorithms were considered in this study. Two authors independently extracted valuable information from the included studies. In- clusion and exclusion of studies were based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: A total of 7 out of 135 studies met all of our inclusion criteria. For machine learning models, the pooled area under receiving operating curve (SAUROC) for predicting sepsis onset 3 to 4 h before, was 0.89 (95%CI: 0.86–0.92); sensitivity 0.81 (95%CI:0.80–0.81), and specificity 0.72 (95%CI:0.72–0.72) whereas the pooled SAUROC for SIRS, MEWS, and SOFA was 0.70, 0.50, and 0.78. Additionally, diagnostic odd ratio for machine learning, SIRS, MEWS, and SOFA was 15.17 (95%CI: 9.51–24.20), 3.23 (95%CI: 1.52–6.87), 31.99 (95% CI: 1.54–666.74), and 3.75(95%CI: 2.06–6.83). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that the machine learning approach had a better performance than the existing sepsis scoring systems in predicting sepsis. Keywords: Area under receiver operating curve | Sepsis | Machine learning | Diagnostic odd ratio |
مقاله انگلیسی |
8 |
Using Big Data in oncology to prospectively impact clinical patient care: A proof of concept study
استفاده از داده های بزرگ در انکولوژی برای تاثیر فزاینده مراقبت های بالینی بیمار: اثبات مفهوم مطالعه-2018 Objective: Big Data is widely seen as a major opportunity for progress in the practice of personalized medicine,
attracting the attention from medical societies and presidential teams alike as it offers a unique opportunity to
enlarge the base of evidence, especially for older patients underrepresented in clinical trials. This study prospec
tively assessed the real-time availability of clinical cases in the Health & Research Informatics Total Cancer Care™
(TCC) database matching community patients with cancer, and the impact of such a consultation on treatment.
Materials and Methods: Patients aged 70 and older seen at the Lynn Cancer Institute (LCI) with a documented ma
lignancy were eligible. Geriatric screening information and the oncologists pre-consultation treatment plan were
sent to Moffitt. A search for similar patients was done in TCC and additional information retrieved from Electronic
Medical Records. A report summarizing the data was sent and the utility of such a consultation was assessed per
email after the treatment decision.
Results: Thirty one patients were included. The geriatric screening was positive in 87.1% (27) of them. The
oncogeriatric consultation took on average 2.2 working days. It influenced treatment in 38.7% (12), and modified
it in 19.4% (6). The consultation was perceived as “somewhat” to “very useful” in 83.9% (26).
Conclusion: This study establishes a proof of concept of the feasibility of real time use of Big Data for clinical practice.
The geriatric screening and the consultation report influenced treatment in 38.7% of cases and modified it in 19.4%,
which compares very well with oncogeriatric literature. Additional steps are needed to render it financially and
clinically viable.
Keywords: Electronic database ، Electronic consultation ، Big Data ، Cancer ، Elderly ، Geriatric oncology ، Personalized medicine ، Precision medicine، Total Cancer Care ، Health & Research Informatics |
مقاله انگلیسی |
9 |
نانو تکنولوژی سیستم انتقال محلی کنترل شده دارو برای درمان پریودنتیت
سال انتشار: 2018 - تعداد صفحات فایل pdf انگلیسی: 18 - تعداد صفحات فایل doc فارسی: 16 نانوتکنولوژی یکی از تکنولوژی های امیدوار کننده در قرن ۲۱ است. کاربردهای قابل توجه نانوتکنولوژی برای انتقال دارو به محل هدف اختصاصی بهبود ویژه ای در قابلیت های زیستی و توزیع زیستی داروها ایجاد کرده است. تلاش های متنوعی در طراحی سیستم های انتقال داروهای مختلف برای بیماری های پریودنتال بر اساس ویژگی های کاربردی نانو ذرات انجام شده است. هدف از این مقاله بررسی اطلاعات اخیر مربوط به پیشرفت تجربی در زمینه فناوری نانو در درمان بیماری های مختلف پریودنتال به طور جامع است. کاربردهای جدید انواع مختلف نانومواد ( نانو ذرات برای چارچوب ۳ بعدی نانو ساختار ها) برای درمان بیماری های پریودنتال خلاصه شده است. با این وجود؛ این مقاله همچنین بر روی اصول اساسی استفاده از نانو مواد برای ایجاد سیستم انتقال داروی بهتر جهت درمان بیماری پریودنتال تمرکز دارد. برخی از پرسش ها را در پایگاه های الکترونیکی شامل Google Scholar؛ Google Books و MEDLINE با استفاده از کلمات کلیدی فناوری نانو در پریودنتیکس؛ انتقال دارو در پریودنتیکس ارجاع داده ایم؛ ما مقالات و رساله هایی در زمینه نانو دارو و نانو تکنولوژی منتشر شده در انگلیس تا فوریه ۲۰۱۸ را در نظر گرفته ایم. با کمک داده های جمع اوری شده؛ یک خلاصه ای از اطلاعات درباره طراحی و معماری نانو مواد؛ و همچنین کاربرد آنها در نانومواد دندان پزشکی را تصور می کنیم. با پیشرفت در سیستم انتقال دارو پریودنتال؛ می توان تاکید کرد که تکنولوژی نانوذرات آنتی بیوتیک آزاد، mucoadhesive، زیست تخریب پذیر؛ فرصت زیادی برای طراحی یک درمان جدید، دوز کم و موثر ایجاد کرده است. این امکان را برای نانو دندانپزشکی فراهم می کند تا با استفاده از نانومواد، بیوتکنولوژی هایی که شامل مهندسی بافت و نانو رباتیک دندان است، سلامتی جامع دهان را حفظ کند. با وجودی که این تکنولوژی در مرحله اولیه قرار دارد، تا به حال تاثیر عمیق بالینی و تجاری در زمینه دندانپزشکی داشته است.
کلمات کلیدی: انتقال محلی دارو | فناوری نانو | پریودنتیت | بیماری های پریودنتال |
مقاله ترجمه شده |
10 |
The role of statistics in the era of big data: Electronic health records for healthcare research
نقش آمار در دوران داده های بزرگ: پرونده های سلامت الکترونیک برای تحقیقات بهداشتی-2018 The transferring of medical records into huge electronic databases has opened up oppor
tunities for research but requires attention to data quality, study design and issues of bias
and confounding.
Keywords: Electronic healthcare records |
مقاله انگلیسی |