دانلود و نمایش مقالات مرتبط با Environment::صفحه 7
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نتیجه جستجو - Environment

تعداد مقالات یافته شده: 2770
ردیف عنوان نوع
61 Inventory model for sustainable operations of a closed-loop supply chain: Role of a third-party refurbisher
مدل موجودی برای عملیات پایدار یک زنجیره تأمین حلقه بسته: نقش یک مرمت کننده شخص ثالث-2021
Journal Pre-proof This paper investigates the joint decision on inventory and refurbishing strategies in a closed-loop supply chain, consisting of a manufacturer responsible for the production and first-market sales and a third-party refurbisher responsible for the refurbishment and second market. Based on a game-theoretic model, we investigate the effects of supply chain structures on the production operations, sales price of a refurbished product, profits and environmental performance. Through numerical analyses, we reveal that the integrated system yields higher first-market sales and a larger production lot size, while the decentralized one shows higher second-market sales and a larger refurbishing lot. Interestingly, the integrated system sets the higher price for the refurbished item due to channel conflict issues. Efforts to increase the second-market sales can harm the over- all supply chain profit by leading to the decrease in the higher-margin first-market sales. We also show that the difference in pricing decisions and inventory holding cost components allows a better operational performance of the third-party refurbishers process in the decentralized system. Then, it leads to the better environmental performance in the decentralized system, enhancing the refurbishing rate and sales of refurbished items while reducing scrap costs. By investigating the overall performance of integrated and decentralized supply chains, we offer important implications to practicing supply chain managers by revealing how the third-party refurbisher can help the sustainable operations of a closed-loop supply chain. We also contribute to the body of knowledge by incorporating pricing and lot sizing issues into the context of closed-loop supply chain management.
Keywords: inventory | closed-loop supply chain | sales return | refurbishment
مقاله انگلیسی
62 Digital Livestock Farming
دامداری دیجیتال-2021
As the global human population increases, livestock agriculture must adapt to provide more livestock products and with improved efficiency while also addressing concerns about animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and public health. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the current state of the art in digitalizing animal agriculture with Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) technologies, specifically biometric sensors, big data, and blockchain technology. Biometric sensors include either noninvasive or invasive sensors that monitor an individual animal’s health and behavior in real time, allowing farmers to integrate this data for population-level analyses. Real-time information from biometric sensors is processed and integrated using big data analytics systems that rely on statistical algorithms to sort through large, complex data sets to provide farmers with relevant trending patterns and decision-making tools. Sensors enabled blockchain technology affords secure and guaranteed traceability of animal products from farm to table, a key advantage in monitoring disease outbreaks and preventing related economic losses and food-related health pandemics. Thanks to PLF technologies, livestock agriculture has the potential to address the abovementioned pressing concerns by becoming more transparent and fostering increased consumer trust. However, new PLF technologies are still evolving and core component technologies (such as blockchain) are still in their infancy and insufficiently validated at scale. The next generation of PLF technologies calls for preventive and predictive analytics platforms that can sort through massive amounts of data while accounting for specific variables accurately and accessibly. Issues with data privacy, security, and integration need to be addressed before the deployment of multi-farm shared PLF solutions be- comes commercially feasible. Implications Advanced digitalization technologies can help modern farms optimize economic contribution per animal, reduce the drudgery of repetitive farming tasks, and overcome less effective isolated solutions. There is now a strong cultural emphasis on reducing animal experiments and physical contact with animals in-order-to enhance animal welfare and avoid disease outbreaks. This trend has the potential to fuel more research on the use of novel biometric sensors, big data, and blockchain technology for the mutual benefit of livestock producers, consumers, and the farm animals themselves. Farmers’ autonomy and data-driven farming approaches compared to experience-driven animal manage- ment practices are just several of the multiple barriers that digitalization must overcome before it can become widely implemented.
Keywords: Precision Livestock Farming | digitalization | Digital Technologies in Livestock Systems | sensor technology | big data | blockchain | data models | livestock agriculture
مقاله انگلیسی
63 A Nonrandomized Pretest Posttest Study on the Impact of an Educational Pain Management Program on Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pain in a Middle Eastern Country
یک مطالعه غیرتصادفی پیش آزمون پس آزمون در مورد تأثیر یک برنامه آموزشی مدیریت درد بر دانش و نگرش پرستاران در مورد درد در یک کشور خاورمیانه-2021
Background: Although nurse’s knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management has been sufficiently studied worldwide, the impact of an educational intervention program in improving such attitudes and knowledge has not been likewise researched, especially in Middle Eastern countries.
Aims: To examine nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain at a university hospital in Lebanon before and after the introduction of a pain management educational program. And to assess the relationship between the characteristic of nurses and their pain knowledge.
Methods: Design; A nonrandomized pretest posttest study design was used. Setting; A university hospital in Lebanon. Participants; Included 183 nurses using the Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain questionnaire. The pain educational intervention was based on the principles of Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior.
Results: A significant difference between the pre and post test scores was noted (p = .016). Questions answered correctly by 80% of participants were related to questions about pain, pain assessment and management, and questions related to medications, such as correct dosages and opioid side effects were not answered correctly by the majority of nurses. There were significant associations between test scores and the nurses’ educational level, their age, and their years of experience. Nurses who worked in critical care units, the emergency department and oncology had higher scores than nurses who worked on general units.
Conclusions: Despite the intensive pain education provided at our institution, the pain knowledge of nurses remains below that recommended level which indicates a dire need for more intensive and continuous education in order to provide a pain free environment.
مقاله انگلیسی
64 Social movement activists’ conceptions of political action and counter-accounting through a critical dialogic accounting and accountability lens
تصورات فعالان جنبش اجتماعی از کنش سیاسی و مقابله با حسابداری از طریق یک دریچه حسابداری گفتگوی انتقادی و پاسخگویی-2021
In the face of growing disaffection with neoliberalism and corporate social and environmental accounting, critical accounting recognizes the potential of counter-accounting to open spaces for democratic contestation and to advance progressive change. Critical dialogic accounting and accountability (CDAA), for example, views counter-accounting as providing social movements with opportunities to challenge neoliberal hegemony, to mobilize multiple publics and to construct new social realities. However, the democratizing potential of counter-accounting is contested within academia, and social movements’ views of counter-accounting as a politicizing practice are not well understood. We extend CDAA theorizing by elaborating on the value of counter-accounting in advancing democratic struggles against neoliberalism and illustrating how an agonistic lens can be useful in framing social movements’ actions in these struggles. Social movements’ conceptualizations of political action and counter-accounting are empirically investigated through interviews with 25 social movement activists. Based on the interviews and our CDAA lens, we propose possible areas for critical accounting collaborations with social movements as they seek to effect progressive change.
keywords: حسابداری دیجیتالی انتقادی و پاسخگویی | مبنی بر حسابداری | عذاب | جنبش های اجتماعی | نئولیبرالیسم | Critical dialogic accounting and accountability | Counter-accounting | Agonistics | Social movements | Neoliberalism
مقاله انگلیسی
65 Pricing decisions in a decentralized biofuel supply chain with RIN mechanism considering environmental impacts
تصمیمات قیمت گذاری در زنجیره تأمین سوخت زیستی غیرمتمرکز با مکانیسم RIN با در نظر گرفتن تأثیرات زیست محیطی-2021
This study develops pricing models in a decentralized biofuel supply chain focusing on both economic and environmental aspects. Environmental impacts are used as a measure to reflect the environmental objective function calculated based on ReCiPe method. A bi-level multi-objective stackelberg game model considering farmers and biorefineries as followers and the blender as leader is proposed. An ε-constraint method is utilized to convert the multi-objective model to a single-objective one. The bi-level model is then transformed to a solvable integrated model. Finally, a real case study of switchgrass bioethanol is presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed model. Results show that focusing on environmental goals results in the increasement of selling prices and profits of farmers and biorefineries and decreasment of about %7 in economic profit of the blender. Therefore, tradeoff analyses are performed for objective functions leading to 10 Pareto optimal solutions which give managerial insights to the blender. Moreover, sensitivity analyses are provided with respects to price elasticity and final fuel’s price and results show logical trends in selling prices.
Keywords: Biofuel supply chain | Pricing | Decentralized decision making | Environmental impacts | Multi-objective optimization
مقاله انگلیسی
66 3D-printable conductive materials for tissue engineering and biomedical applications
مواد رسانای قابل چاپ سه بعدی برای مهندسی بافت و کاربردهای زیست پزشکی-2021
Many patients that undergo autografting suffer from donor site morbidity and risk of immune rejection. Tissue engineering is receiving considerable attention as engineered tissues could help overcome the drawbacks of autografts and achieve better performance on tissue repair, replacement and regeneration. Conductivity is one of the desired properties of engineered scaffolds and tissue constructs as bioelectricity plays an important role in the native physiological environment. Hence, conductive materials have been extensively used in the making of biosensors, tissue engineering scaffolds and drug delivery systems to elicit electrically-mediated signals, thus mimicking the natural cellular environment. Conductive polymers, carbon-based materials, and metal nanoparticles are the main categories of conductive materials used. Ionic liquids, especially biocompatible ionic liquids, is currently being explored as a competitive filler composite to greatly improve the conductivity of polymers with little to zero cytotoxicity. The effects of electrical stimulation on cell alignment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation as well as detailed properties of different types of conductive materials are briefly yet succinctly reviewed. Furthermore, 3D printing of conductive scaffolds and hydrogels, and their corresponding biomedical applications are also discussed.
Keywords: Conductive biomaterials | Bioprinting | Tissue engineering | Ionic liquids | Electrical stimulation
مقاله انگلیسی
67 Emergency care providers perspectives of acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa: A qualitative study
دیدگاه های ارائه دهندگان مراقبت های اورژانس ارزیابی درد و مدیریت درد حاد در محیط پیش دبستانی، در کیپ غربی، آفریقای جنوبی: یک مطالعه کیفی-2021
Introduction: A growing body of evidence suggests that pain knowledge and management are poor, perhaps more so in the prehospital setting. The daily challenges that emergency care providers face in dealing with prehospital pain remain unclear. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of acute prehospital pain assessment and management in the Western Cape, South Africa. Methods: A series of focus group discussions, using a constructivist paradigm and qualitative content analysis were conducted. Results: The key themes emerging from six focus groups (total 25 emergency care providers) related to the difficulties of assessing pain in this setting, factors affecting clinical reasoning in this (hostile) setting, the re- alities of prehospital pain care for non-advanced life support practitioners, along with emergency departments’ lack of understanding and appreciation of the prehospital environment, and participants’ suggestions to improve pain practice. Conclusion: Several barriers and enablers, some novel, to pain assessment and management in the South African prehospital setting were identified. Our findings provide valuable insight and understanding of the challenges related to pain care prehospital providers face, in other similar prehospital settings, but also to the global body of knowledge on prehospital barriers and enablers of pain assessment and management.
keywords: پیش بیمارستان | آمبولانس (مش) | خدمات اورژانس پزشکی (مش) | درد حاد (مش) | اندازه گیری درد (مش) | ضد درد (مش) | Prehospital | Ambulances (MeSH) | Emergency Medical Services (MeSH) | Acute pain (MeSH) | Pain Measurement (MeSH) | Analgesics (MeSH)
مقاله انگلیسی
68 Impact of COVID-19 on the Indian seaport transportation and maritime supply chain
تأثیر COVID-19 در حمل و نقل و تأمین دریایی بندر دریایی هند-2021
Impacts of COVID-19 in maritime transportation and its related policy measures have been investigated by more and more organizations and researchers across the world. This paper aims to examine the impacts of COVID-19 on seaport transportation and the maritime supply chain field and its related issues in India. Secondary data are used to analyze the performance indicators of major seaports in India before and during the COVID-19 crisis. We further explore and discuss the expert’s views about the impact, preparedness, response, and recovery aspects for the maritime-related sector in India. The results on the quantitative performance of Indian major seaports during the COVID-19 indicate a negative growth in the cargo traffic and a decrease in the number of vessel traffic compared to pre-COVID-19. The expert survey results suggest a lack of preparedness for COVID-19 and the need for developing future strategies by maritime organizations. The overall findings of the study shall assist in formulating maritime strategies by enhancing supply chain resilience and sustainable business recovery process while preparing for a post-COVID-19 crisis. The study also notes that the Covid-19 crisis is still an ongoing concern, as the government, maritime organizations, and stakeholders face towards providing vaccine and remedial treatment to infected people. Further, this study can be expanded to the global maritime supply chain business context and to conduct interdisciplinary research in marine technical fields and maritime environment to measure the impact of COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19 | India | Seaports | Maritime | Supply chain | Stakeholders | Sustainability
مقاله انگلیسی
69 Defect-engineering-enhanced electrical manipulation of anisotropic excitons in two-dimensional ReS2
دستکاری الکتریکی اکسیتون های ناهمسانگرد با نقص مهندسی در ReS2 دو بعدی-2021
Engineering the photoluminescence (PL) properties, such as emission peaks, intensity, and lifetime, is highly desirable for widespread applications. Electric control is a facile and feasible method, and electrical manipulation of the PL properties with a high efficiency becomes increasingly important. ReS2 has excellent environmental stability, distinctive interlayer decoupling, and strong anisotropic properties. Herein, taking ReS2 as a prototype material, we propose a novel strategy to enhance electrical control of anisotropic excitons in ReS2 by defect engineering. Sulfur vacancies have been introduced controllably by mild argon plasma treatment, and contribute to the anisotropic defect-related exciton emission whose polarization direction is almost the same as those of the excitons along the Re–S atomic chains. However, the conversion from the neutral excitons to the defect-related excitons significantly modulate the radiation recombination behavior under a lateral electric field. The defect engineering-enhanced electrical manipulation of anisotropic excitons paves the way towards an exciton engineering in new 2D electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Keywords: Photoluminescence | Anisotropic | Defect engineering | Electric control
مقاله انگلیسی
70 Accounting-based downside risk and expected stock returns: Evidence from China
ریسک نزولی مبتنی بر حسابداری و بازده سهام مورد انتظار: شواهدی از چین-2021
We document that earnings downside risk contains information on firms’ future operating performance and is positively associated with expected stock returns in Chinese stock markets, and the return predictability of earning downside risk mainly comes from its accrual downside risk component. The pricing of earnings downside risk is especially evident among firms with more transparent information environment and stronger governance efficacy, such as large firms, non-high-tech firms, old firms, and firms with high analyst coverage. Lastly, we show that aggregated earnings downside risk and its components at the market level are all significantly and positively associated with subsequent stock market returns, which is consistent with the notion that the accounting-based downside risk measures contain information about future macroeconomic conditions.
keywords: ریسک نزولی مبتنی بر حسابداری | محیط اطلاعات | بازده سهام | بازارهای سهام چینی | Accounting-based downside risk | Information environment | Stock returns | Chinese stock markets
مقاله انگلیسی
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